Miniaturized electrochemical sensors and their point-of-care applications

Most of the current analytical methods depend largely on laboratory-based analytical techniques that require expensive and bullky equipment,potentially incur costly testing,and involve lengthy detection processes.With increasing requirements for point-of-care testing(POCT),more attention has been paid to miniaturized analytical devices.Miniaturized electrochemical(MEC)sensors,including different material-based MEC sensors(such as DNA-,paper-,and screen electrode-based),have been in strong demand in analytical science due to their easy operation,portability,high sensitivity,as well as their short analysis time.They have been applied for the detection of trace amounts of target through measuring changes in electrochemical signal,such as current,voltage,potential,or impedance,due to the oxidation/reduction of chemical/biological molecules with the help of electrodes and electrochemical units.MEC sensors present great potential for the detection of targets including small organic molecules,metal ions,and biomolecules.In recent years,MEC sensors have been broadly applied to POCT in various fields,including health care,food safety,and environmental monitoring,owing to the excellent advantages of electrochemical(EC)technologies.This review summarized the state-of-the-art advancements on various types of MEC sensors and their applications in POCT.Furthermore,the future perspectives,opportunities,and challenges in this field are also discussed.     

Machine Learning towards Screening Solid-state Lithium Ion Conductors

Machine learning is an emerging method to discover new materials with specific characteristics.An unsupervised machine learning research is highlighted to discover new potential lithium ionic conductors by screening and clustering lithium compounds,providing inspirations for the development of solid-state electrolytes and practical batteries.     

等浓度的氯化铵和硫酸铵溶液哪个pH高

有中学化学参考资料题:0.10 mol/L的NH4Cl和(NH4)2SO4溶液哪个pH值高?这似乎是个中学生可做的简单题目,仔细考虑不是如此.如果简单地认为盐酸和硫酸都是强酸,而硫酸是二元酸,硫酸铵溶液中铵盐浓度为0.20 mol/L,那么NH4Cl溶液pH高,那是不妥的.硫酸是二元酸,第一个氢离子能完全电离,第二个氢离子部分电离,如此考虑情况怎么样呢?是不是答案发生变化?这要通过计算来说明.     

Surface defect-rich ceria quantum dots anchored on sulfur-doped carbon nitride nanotubes with enhanced charge separation for solar hydrogen production

Designing defect-engineered semiconductor heterojunctions can effectively promote the charge carrier separation.Herein,novel ceria(CeO2) quantum dots(QDs) decorated sulfur-doped carbon nitride nanotubes(SCN NTs) were synthesized via a thermal polycondensation coupled in situ depositionprecipitation method without use of template or surfactant.The structure and morphology studies indicate that ultrafine CeO2 QDs are well distributed inside and outside of SCN NTs offering highly dispersed active sites and a large contact interface between two components.This leads to the promoted formation of rich Ce³⁺ ion and oxygen vacancies as confirmed by XPS.The photocatalytic performance can be facilely modulated by the content of CeO2 QDs introduced in SCN matrix while bare CeO2 does not show activity of hydrogen production.The optimal catalyst with 10% of CeO2 loading yields a hydrogen evolution rate of 2923.8 μmol h-1 g-1 under visible light,remarkably higher than that of bare SCN and their physical mixtures.Further studies reveal that the abundant surface defects and the created 0 D/1 D junctions play a critical role in improving the separation and transfer of charge carriers,leading to superior solar hydrogen production and good stability.     

Superfast and solvent-free core-shell assembly of sulfur/carbon active particles by hail-inspired nanostorm technology for high-energy-density Li-S batteries

The demand on low-carbon emission fabrication technologies for energy storage materials is increasing dramatically with the global interest on carbon neutrality.As a promising active material for metal-sulfur batteries,sulfur is of great interest due to its high-energy-density and abundance.However,there is a lack of industry-friendly and low-carbon fabrication strategies for high-performance sulfur-based active particles,which,however,is in critical need by their practical success.Herein,based on a hail-inspired sulfur nano-storm(HSN)technology developed in our lab,we report an energy-saving,solvent-free strategy for producing core-shell sulfur/carbon electrode particles(CNT@AC-S)in minutes.The fabrication of the CNT@AC-S electrode particles only involves low-cost sulfur blocks,commercial carbon nanotubes(CNT)and activated carbon(AC)micro-particles with high specific surface area.Based on the above core-shell CNT@AC-S particles,sulfur cathode with a high sulfur-loading of 9.2 mg cm^-2 delivers a stable area capacity of 6.6 mAh cm^-2 over 100 cycles.Furthermore,even for sulfur cathode with a super-high sulfur content(72 wt%over the whole electrode),it still delivers a high area capacity of 9 mAh cm^-2 over50 cycles in a quasi-lean electrolyte condition.In a nutshell,this study brings a green and industryfriendly fabrication strategy for cost-effective production of rationally designed S-rich electrode particles.     

Enhanced efficiency and stability in Sn-based perovskite solar cells with secondary crystallization growth

The conversion efficiencies reported for Tin(Sn)halide-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)fall a large gap behind those of lead halide-based PSCs,mainly because of poor film quality of the former.Here we report an efficient strategy based on a simple secondary crystallization growth(SCG)technique to improve film quality for tin halide-based PSCs by applying a series of functional amine chlorides on the perovskite surface.They were discovered to enhance the film crystallinity and suppress the oxidation of Sn²⁺remarkably,hence reduce trap state density and non-irradiative recombination in the absorber films.Furthermore,the SCG film holds the band levels matching better with carrier transport layers and herein favoring charge extraction at the device interfaces.Consequently,a champion device efficiency of 8.07% was achieved alo ng with significant enhancements in VOC and JSC,in contrast to 5.35% of the control device value.Moreover,the SCG film-based devices also exhibit superior stability comparing with the control one.This work explicitly paves a novel and general strategy for developing high performance lead-free PSCs.     

Unraveling the stabilization mechanism of solid electrolyte interface on ZnSe by rGO in sodium ion battery

Transition metal selenides have been widely studied as anode materials of sodium ion batteries(SIBs),however,the investigation of solid-electrolyte-interface(SEI)on these materials,which is critical to the electrochemical performance of SIBs,remains at its infancy.Here in this paper,ZnSe@C nanoparticles were prepared from ZIF-8 and the SEI layers on these electrodes with and without reduced graphene oxide(rGO)layers were examined in details by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies at varied charged/discharged states.It is observed that fast and complicated electrolyte decomposition reactions on ZnSe@C leads to quite thick SEI film and intercalation of solvated sodium ions through such thick SEI film results in slow ion diffusion kinetics and unstable electrode structure.However,the presence of rGO could efficiently suppress the decomposition of electrolyte,thus thin and stable SEI film was formed.ZnSe@C electrodes wrapped by rGO demonstrates enhanced interfacial charge transfer kinetics and high electrochemical performance,a capacity retention of 96.4%,after 1000 cycles at 5 A/g.This study might offer a simple avenue for the designing high performance anode materials through manipulation of SEI film.     

CXN天然沸石的研究2: 吸附性质

采用N~2,NH~3,CO~2,乙烯,丙烯,水,甲醇,乙醇,丙醇等作为吸附剂,研究了由我国CXN天然沸石改性制得的H-STI和Na-STI沸石的吸附性质,H-STI和Na-STI沸石的BET表面积及微孔孔体积约为420m^2/g和0.20m^3/g。根据NH~3和CO~2在H-STI沸石上的吸附等温线计算得到它们的吸附热分别为44.8和26.5kJ/mol。乙烯,丙烯,甲醇,乙醇,丙醇等在Na-STI沸石上的吸附等温线表明该沸石对有机分子的吸附具有链长选择性。在低分压下水相对于甲醇的吸附量表明沸石具有一定的疏水性质。     

常温常湿条件下Au/MeO~x催化剂上CO氧化性能

利用共沉淀法制备了Au/MeO~x催化剂(Me=Al,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Zn)。在常温常湿条件下,考察了不同氧化物负载的金基催化剂的CO氧化性能。结果表明,氧化物种类对催化剂的活性和稳定性均有较大的影响。Cu,Mn,Cr等氧化物负载的金基催化剂的活性较差,而Zn,Fe,Co,Ni,Al等金属氧化物负载的金基催化剂可将CO完全氧化,又具有一定的稳定性,在相同反应条件下,CO完全转化时的稳定性顺序为Au/ZnO>Au/α-Fe~2O~3>Au/Co~3O~4>Au/γ-Al~2O~3≈Au/NiO。还发现水对Au/MnO~x催化剂的活性和稳定性有负作用,而对180℃焙烧制备的Au/ZnO-180催化剂的活性和稳定性均有明显的湿度增强作用。     

Boost oxygen reduction reaction performance by tuning the active sites in Fe-N-P-C catalysts

Cost-effective atomically dispersed Fe-N-P-C complex catalysts are promising to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and replace Pt catalysts in fuel cells and metal-air batteries.However,it remains a challenge to increase the number of atomically dispersed active sites on these catalysts.Here we report a highly efficient impregnation-pyrolysis method to prepare effective ORR electrocatalysts with large amount of atomically dispersed Fe active sites from biomass.Two types of active catalyst centers were identified,namely atomically dispersed Fe sites and Fe_xP particles.The ORR rate of the atomically dispersed Fe sites is three orders of magnitude higher than it of Fe_xP particles.A linear correlation between the amount of the atomically dispersed Fe and the ORR activity was obtained,revealing the major contribution of the atomically dispersed Fe to the ORR activity.The number of atomically dispersed Fe increases as the Fe loading increased and reaching the maximum at 1.86 wt%Fe,resulting in the maximum ORR rate.Optimized Fe-N-P-C complex catalyst was used as the cathode catalyst in a homemade Zn-air battery and good performance of an energy density of 771 Wh kgZn^-1,a power density of 92.9 m W cm^-2 at 137 m A cm^-2 and an excellent durability were exhibited.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗冠心病合并心力衰竭临床疗效评价

目的：探讨冠心病合并心力衰竭患者行经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗的临床疗效。方法选取2010年12月至2013年12月广东医学院治疗的65例冠心病合并心力衰竭患者,应用 PCI治疗,根据测量患者术前、术后1周和术后6个月的心功能指标变化,比较患者治疗前后的心功能变化情况。结果男性患者及女性患者, PCI 治疗成功率分别为94．4％（34/36）和96．5％（28/29）,术后2周,心功能已改善,术后6个月改善明显（均 P ＜0．05）,围术期并发症1．5％,死亡率为0。结论经皮冠状动脉介入治疗能够明显缓解冠心病合并心力衰竭患者的症状,并能改善患者心功能,且有较高的安全性。     

护理干预对冠心病并糖尿病冠状动脉介入治疗并发症的影响

目的探究护理干预对冠心病并糖尿病冠状动脉介入治疗并发症的影响。方法选择佛山市第一人民医院自2013年5月—2015年5月收治的诊断为冠心病并糖尿病的90例患者,均给予冠状动脉介入治疗,并将其随机分为两组,对照组和观察组,每组45例,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予综合护理干预,观察两组患者护理疗效。结果观察组患者发生并发症的情况低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者满意率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);进行护理干预前两组患者的收缩压、血糖数值并无明显差异,给予干预后,观察组患者的收缩压、血糖数值明显低于对照组,对照组虽有所下降但并不明显,两组对比,差异显著(P0.05)。结论冠心病并糖尿病的患者使用冠状动脉介入术治疗,给予有效的护理措施后,取得了较好的临床疗效。     

Biomarker Discovery of Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Proteomic Approach

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a condition in which the coronary artery supplying blood to the heart is infarcted via formation of a plaque and thrombus, resulting in abnormal blood supply and high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, the prompt and efficient diagnosis of ACS and the need for new ACS diagnostic biomarkers are important. In this study, we aimed to identify new ACS diagnostic biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity using a proteomic approach. A discovery set with samples from 20 patients with ACS and 20 healthy controls was analyzed using mass spectrometry. Among the proteins identified, those showing a significant difference between each group were selected. Functional analysis of these proteins was conducted to confirm their association with functions in the diseased state. To determine ACS diagnostic biomarkers, standard peptides of the selected protein candidates from the discovery set were quantified, and these protein candidates were validated in a validation set consisting of the sera of 50 patients with ACS and 50 healthy controls. We showed that hemopexin, leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein, and vitronectin levels were upregulated, whereas fibronectin level was downregulated, in patients with ACS. Thus, the use of these biomarkers may increase the accuracy of ACS diagnosis.     

冠心病微量元素谱的计算机模式识别

用计算机多元分析研究冠心病微量元素谱，识别冠心病患者与健康者；非线性映射法判别率男性８６．６％，女性９６．２％；ＳＩＭＣＡ差别法正确回判率男性８５．０％，女性８８．３％。     

冠心病患者糖化血红蛋白水平检测对评估患者冠状动脉病变程度的价值探究

目的通过观察了解糖化血红蛋白HbA1c水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关关系。方法随机选取2013年1月—2015年1月来遵义医学院第五附属(珠海)医院心血管内科住院并进行选择性冠脉造影(CAG)的96例患者,同时对这96例患者进行糖化血红蛋白测定,回顾性分析冠心病患者的临床症状、体征、诊疗等相关指标,以了解HbA1c水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。结果对冠心病患者进行临床调查,并对结果进行记录,冠心病组和对照组HbA1c水平比较可知,冠心病组HbA1c水平高于对照组(P0.05)。结论对冠心病患者进行糖化血红蛋白水平检测,严格控制高血糖,降低HbA1c水平,通过改善血管内皮细胞功能,对延缓或阻止动脉粥样硬化,减少心血管并发症和后遗症的发生有着重要意义。     

多层CT与DSA对急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉支架置入术后通畅性及狭窄程度的影响

研究多层CT与DSA对急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉支架置入术后通畅性及狭窄程度的影响。以我院2017年8月-2018年11月在我院诊断治疗的急性冠脉综合征患者80例作为研究对象,对所有患者进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)手术后,分别进行DSA检查以及64排螺旋CT检查。分析不同检查的冠状动脉狭窄、通畅性之间的差异以及不同检查的一致性。通过对CT检查结果以及DSA检查结果的配对卡方检验,两组患者的检查结果之间的差异不存在统计学意义,两种检查对患者的冠状动脉的狭窄情况诊断一致性较好;两种检查方法对患者的管壁厚度以及管径直径诊断之间的差异不存在统计学意义,两种检验方法对患者的管壁厚度以及管径直径诊断一致性较好。总之,多层CT与DSA对急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉支架置入术后通畅性及狭窄程度的诊断具有较高的一致性,建议临床推广。     

冠心病及高心病的Q-T离散度

为评价冠心病及高心病的Ｑ－Ｔ离散度的临床意义，观察了９７例冠心病、高心病患者的Ｑ－Ｔ离散度，并与９６例正常组对比。结果表明，冠心病，高心病患者的ＱＴｄ、Ｑ－Ｔｃｄ、Ｊ－Ｔｄ、Ｊ－Ｔｃｄ均比正常组延长，有显著差异，Ｐ〈０．０１。     

冠心病与微量元素锌铜硒

以临床典型冠心病案为例，探讨了中医中药传统和微量元素关系，重点讨论了微量元素锌、铜、硒与冠心病的病因病理和治疗的关系。     

非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征68例危险分层和药物治疗

为探讨非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的危险分层和药物治疗方法,回顾分析了68例非ST段抬高ACS患者的临床资料。根据患者的危险因素分为低危组和高危组,两组均予阿司匹林、β受体阻滞剂、硝酸甘油、他汀类药等,高危组加用低分子肝素钙治疗一周,观察了治疗后胸痛和心电图的变化。结果表明,全组68例患者中[低危组32例(47.1%),高危组36例(52.9%)],低危组临床疗效总有效率93.7%,高危组总有效率88.9%,两组比较,P>0.05。提示根据危险分层合理选择用药是对非ST段抬高ACS药物治疗的有效方法。