On reformulated Zagreb indices

Zagreb indices were reformulated in terms of the edge-degrees instead of the vertex-degrees as the original Zagreb indices. Three types of Zagreb indices were considered: original, modified and variable Zagreb indices. It is found that the optimum exponent of the variable reformulated Zagreb M2 index (v = -1/2) is identical with the exponent of the vertex-connectivity index, which is the most used topological index in QSPR and QSAR. The close relationship between the graph and its line graph is used to relate the original and reformulated indices.     

Scaled Quantum Chemical Studies of the Molecular Structure and Vibrational Spectra of Minoxidil

The Fourier transform Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectra for minoxidil have been recorded in the region 4000—100 cm^?1 and 4000—450 cm^?1, respectively. The structural and spectroscopy data of the molecule in the ground state were calculated by using density functional theory methods with 6-311G (d, p) basis set. A detailed vibrational analysis of the title compound has been done using normal coordinate analysis following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology. The calculated molecular geometry parameters and scaled vibrational wavenumbers are well compared with the experimental data. The electronic properties, such as excitation energies, absorption wavelength, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies were performed by time-dependent density functional theory approach, and the results are in good agreement with experimental absorption spectrum. The charge delocalizations of these molecules have been analyzed using natural bond orbital analysis. The molecule orbital contributions are studied by density of energy states. Fukui functions, local softness, and electrophilicity indices for selected atomic sites of the title compound are determined. Finally, the thermal behaviors of the compound have been calculated by different temperature.     

An atomic diffraction theory of molecular photoionization cross sections

A theory of molecular photoionization cross sections is developed on the basis of locally atomic character of the one-electron final state in the Golden Rule expression for the molecular orbital cross section. Ionization amplitudes from several atomic centres are added and rotationally averaged to produce molecular orbital cross sections displaying a sum of pseudo-atomic cross sections weighted according to the LCAO composition of the orbital and also two-centre products reflecting interference effects. The atomic ionization amplitudes are obtained by use of an atomic central potential constructed by an inversion procedure from the form of the ground state orbital. The theory is of a simple chemical nature but usually of at least semi-quantitative accuracy. In this work we illustrate the nature of the two-centre interference effects in small diatomic molecules (H₂, HF, N₂).     

Effects of delocalised π-electrons around the linear acenes ring (n = 1 to 7): an electronic properties through DFT and quantum chemical descriptors

Π-electrons in chemical structure are the unique part of the fundamental particles that modify many interesting properties among the organic semiconductor molecules. By comparing the ground state energy, electronic properties and chemical indices within RHF/6-311G, B3LYP/6-311(G), B3LYP/6-311G(d,p), MP2/6-311G* and Cam-B3LYP/aug-cc-pvdz basis set at level of the theory, we identify that the resonance and the inductive effect of the delocalisation of electrons around the acene molecules could be responsible for acenes electronic and chemical properties. The total energies, energy gaps, HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy gaps, electron affinity and ionisation potential are close to the experimental and theoretical results. Among the chemical indices, electrophilicity (ω), electronegativity (χ) and chemical hardness (η) observed to decrease as the acenes ring increasing, whereas the softness (S) and chemical potential (μ) increase with increasing the number of carbons around the acene molecules. The study is extended to electronics and chemical properties of the acene.     

Atomic resolution of bond descriptors in the two-orbital model

The probability-resolution scheme for partitioning the molecular bond-multiplicities into atomic contributions, suggested by the ‘partial’ atomic channels of the Communication Theory of the chemical bond, is applied to the simplest two-orbital model of a diatomic molecule. It offers a unique perspective upon a degree of the atom involvement in the covalent and ionic interactions with its molecular environment. The row channels generate the atomic contributions to the molecular bond-multiplicity and its covalent/ionic composition, while the atomic column channels give rise to the valence indices of bonded atoms, which reflect their promoted states in a molecule. Plots of the entropy/information bond indicators of atomic partial communication channels are generated over the whole range of the probability of finding an electron on the specified atom, 0?≤?P?≤?1, which measures a degree of polarization of the bonding molecular orbital (MO). They are compared with the MO predictions obtained from the same probability-division rule of the molecular bond-order measures from the MO theory. The atomic bond indices from the communication-theory approach are shown to agree semi-quantitatively with predictions from the MO theory.     

Convergence acceleration for the multilevel Hartree–Fock model

In the previously introduced multilevel Hartree–Fock (HF) model, the electronic density is optimised in a given region of the molecular system. The approach is based on generating an active occupied and active virtual space by decomposing a start guess density for the entire system. In this work, a diagonalisation based implementation for Roothaan–Hall (RH) with direct inversion in iterative subspace (DIIS) and a quasi-Newton minimisation procedure using the augmented RH (ARH) approach are described for accelerating convergence for the multilevel HF model. The equations are derived to be consistent with convergence acceleration for traditional atomic orbital based HF calculations. The main idea is to formulate all quantities in the molecular orbital basis to exploit that the active molecular orbital basis is significantly smaller than the atomic orbital basis, and thus enable the application of wave function approaches that are well-studied for small molecular systems to large molecular systems. Thus, all equations are formulated such that no atomic orbital density or Fock matrices are needed for the DIIS and ARH algorithms. Results show that the acceleration schemes yield efficient optimisation of the multilevel HF wave function.     

铈原子基态的理论研究

在有心力场近似和组态相互作用理论框架下,通过对电子波函数、各壳 层上电子的束缚能、半径、总束缚能的分析和计算,研究了Ce原子的可能的基组态及其基态 时的原子态。研究结果表明：基组态为4f5d,基态原子态为1G4。     

吖啶酮生物碱的核磁共振碳谱模拟研究

采用表征分子内部化学微环境及原子所处杂化状态的结构描述子：原子电性作用矢量(AEIV)和原子杂化状态指数(AHSI),对42个吖啶酮生物碱分子792个共振碳原子进行结构表征,以多元线性回归技术建立¹³C核磁共振化学位移定量结构波谱关系模型,所得回归模型的复相关系数为R=0.957,标准偏差为SD=12.247. 采用留一法交互检验的结果为R_cv=0.956,标准偏差SD_cv=12.331. 对外部样本集预测结果表明,AEIV和AHSI具有表征能力强、物化意义明确等优点,所建模型具有良好的稳定性和估计能力.     

Theoretical study on the composition dependence of Ga8−nAsn (n=0-8) clusters

Using full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital molecular-dynamics (FP-LMTO-MD) method, we have investigated the dependence of GaAs clusters with eight atoms on composition. It is found that the ground state structures for Ga-rich and As-rich clusters are cube structures. As the ratio between gallium atoms and arsenic atoms is close to one, structural distortion become increasingly severe, or even the clusters adopt other geometrical configurations as their ground state structures. The energy gap E_g between the highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and the vertical electron affinity show a certain degree of even/odd alternation with cluster composition. Among nine Ga_8−nAs_n (n=0-8) clusters, only a few of clusters have different energy orders between the ionic and neutral isomers with large binding energy. Some ionic structures would change into other configurations due to severe structural distortion.     

NO adsorption on the Rh(110) surface: kinetics and composition of the adlayer studied by fast XPS

The adsorption and dissociation of NO on the Rh(110) surface were studied by synchrotron radiation X-ray photoemission spectroscopy at temperatures in the range 210–370 K. The O 1s or N 1s spectra were collected every 14 s while the surface was continuously exposed to a steady NO gas pressure. The difference in the binding energies for the atomic oxygen (O 1s ≤530.2 eV), atomic nitrogen (N 1s 397.2 eV) and molecular upright bonded NO molecules (O 1s ≥531.0 eV and N 1s 400 eV) allowed us to distinguish these surface species and to follow the evolution of the adsorbate layer. In addition to these dominating surface species a new species, characterized by O 1s binding energy of 530.7 eV and N 1s binding energy similar to that of the atomic nitrogen, was detected within a narrow coverage range. This state is tentatively assigned to a “lying down” NO bonding configuration, detectable at the timescale of the measurements. The uptake plots, constructed using the integrated intensity of the deconvoluted O 1s and N 1s spectra, are used to elucidate the effect of the reaction temperature and surface coverage and composition on the kinetics of dissociative and molecular NO adsorption of Rh(110).     

Nitroxyl free radical binding to Si(1 0 0): a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and computational modeling study

The ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (UHV-STM) was used to investigate the addition of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical to the Si(1 0 0) surface. Room temperature studies performed on clean Si(1 0 0)-2 × 1 confirm the proposed binding of the unpaired valence electron associated with the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of the molecule with a Si dangling bond. A strong bias dependence in the topography of isolated molecules was observed in the range of −2.0 to +2.5 V. Semiempirical and density functional calculations of TEMPO bound to a three-dimer silicon cluster model yield occupied state density isosurfaces below the highest occupied (HOMO) and unoccupied state densities isosurfaces above the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) which trend in qualitative agreement with the bias dependent STM topography. Furthermore, the placement of TEMPO molecules on dangling bonds was controlled with atomic precision on the monohydride Si(1 0 0) surface via electron stimulated desorption of H, demonstrating the compatibility of nitroxyl free radical binding chemistries with nanopatterning techniques such as feedback controlled lithography.     

The 4d, 5s,and 5p Orbitals of Rhodium

The 4d, 5s, and 5p orbitals of rhodium have been studied by semiempirical molecular orbital calculations for a Rh2 molecule. Overlap populations, overlap energy, and orbital energies were computed as functions of the orbital exponents of Slater type atomic orbitals. This study was prompted by extremely unsatisfactory results obtained attempting to predict electronic spectra, structure, and bonding in a number of rhodium complexes using analytic atomic orbitals deduced1 from accurate Hartree-Pock(HF) atomic calculations. “These reference calculations considered only the atomic configuration (4d)⁷(5s)² for rhodium.