中学化学教师如何应对综合理科的挑战

“课程整合”是目前我国基础教育课程改革的重要内容之一。中学阶段“综合理科”即“科学”课的设置,对于长期从事单一理科教学的化学教师来说是一个挑战。应对这次挑战,化学教师需要加强合作意识,全面提高自身素质,在改变学生学习方式的同时,改变自身的工作方式.     

化学实验课堂实施微研究性学习的研究

化学实验课堂以微研究性学习的方式展开,具体实施环节包括背景知识调研、实验方案设计、实验探究、答辩交流等。实践过程特别强调学习目标的落实及评价方式多元化。经过一学期的实施,课堂微研究性学习对教师和学生产生了积极的影响。问卷调查的结果显示：教师新的教学观念得到了更好的贯彻,教学能力得到了提升;学生发现问题、提出问题、解决问题的能力增强,对知识获取的主动性增强,小组合作能力增强。     

充分利用《化学与生活》模块的活动性栏目转变学生学习方式的一些尝试

《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》明确指出“转变学生的学习方式是课程改革的基本要求。教师要更新教学观念,在教学中引导学生进行自主学习、探究学习和合作学习,帮助学生形成终身学习的意识和能力。”针对《化学与生活》选修模块中“活动.探究”、“动手空间”、“角色扮演”、“学以致用”等活动性栏目功能和特点的不同,在教学中采取了不同的教学策略,促进了学生的自主学习、探究学习及合作学习。     

以新药研发为案例的有机药物化学课程群PBL教学设计

在有机药物化学课程群中开展PBL教学改革,基于新药凯美纳的开发进行教学设计。通过凯美纳药物小分子的发现、合成设计、药学评价、新药上市等剧情把课程群间的课程内容有机地整合,从整体上加深学生对药学专业的认识,注重知识的灵活应用,达到“学有所成,学以致用”的目的;同时,PBL教学采用小组合作学习形式,培养了学生自主学习和终身学习的技能,提升了学生的团队合作意识和能力。     

高中化学教学中合作学习的有效性研究

探索保证合作学习有效性的策略是提高其实践性、实效性的需要。观察高中实验区的化学课堂教学,教师在组织学生合作学习时存在合作学习任务设计不当、小组成员分工不明、合作要求不清、指导不力、合作时间不足、组织方法单一、交流随意、评价不全等问题。研究合作学习的内容特点;小组的规模、构成、角色分工;实施时内容的安排,组织的方法;根据任务确定合作学习时间;对学生合作技能进行指导;评价关注三维目标、让学生明确评价标准等,都是组织有效合作学习的策略要点。     

重视探究学习活动 发展学生科学探究能力

探究学习是提高学生科学探究能力的重要途径。探究学习活动中要突出学生自主活动,落实学生的主体性;通过合作学习,培育学生的合作精神;重视教师指导作用,发展学生探究能力;坚持科学评价,促进学生全面发展。     

CDIO导向的微项目驱动的《日化产品制造技术》教学研究

对日化产品制造技术课程准确定位、优化和整合,根据教学内容和教学目标科学设计微项目,融合"慕课"等多种教学资源,引导学生进行合作策略的学习,实施基于微项目驱动教学法的CDIO教学模式下的课堂翻转,转变教师职能,调动学生学习的积极性,提高学生的专业技能。     

广西农村初中学生学习化学现状调查与分析

1问题的提出改善学生的学习方式是基础教育新一轮课程改革的重要目标之一,要求在课程实施过程中,改变原来过于强调接受学习、死记硬背、机械训练的现状,倡导学生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手,培养学生搜集和处理信息的能力、获取新知识的能力、分析和解决问题的能力,以及交流与合作的能力。这意味着,教师的教学行为将发生重大的变化,从单纯注重传授知识转为关注学生的学习方式、学习愿望和学习能力的培养,这将是我们广大教师面临和研究的共同课题。2调查方法2.1调查对象本次调查的对象(学生)是还没有使用义务教育课程标准新初中化学实验教…     

“合作学习”应用于化学教学的一次实验报告

“合作学习”教学一改传统教学中教师和学生的冲突关系,立足学生个性的全面和主动发展,通过学生间的合作—教师不直接参与学生的学习活动—自主学习。     

基于CDIO模式的分析化学课程改革

在CDIO工程教学模式指导下,改进分析化学课程教学方法和手段,以提升应用型人才培养水平。通过分解课程知识层次,建立基础知识和基本技能的课程标准,设计训练项目和综合应用的一体化课程计划,实施有效的评估机制,加强了学生的专业意识和学习目的性,调动了学生的学习积极性和团队合作精神,促进了教师教学实践能力的提高。基于CDIO模式的分析化学课程改革,能更好地服务专业课程建设,切实提高教学效率和质量。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.