纳子峡纤维素纤维混凝土面板坝服役期渗流特性分析

为掌握纳子峡纤维混凝土面板砂砾石坝在服役期间的抗渗情况,在纳子峡水利枢纽布置了较全面的渗流监测设备,根据纳子峡面板砂砾石坝在2016年至2018年间的渗流监测结果,对大坝坝基、坝体、周边缝、绕坝渗流及大坝渗漏量的渗流变化规律及分布特征进行了分析和评价。分析结果表明:坝基、坝体、周边缝等重点部位防渗系统工作正常,渗流量趋于稳定;绕坝渗流及大坝渗漏量符合实际渗流规律,纳子峡水利枢纽工程大坝渗流监测设计合理,能充分反映大坝不同部位的渗流情况。大坝在地震时期的渗流形态稳定,地震对面板损坏程度影响较小,面板裂缝在控制范围之内,纤维素纤维混凝土服役性能稳定,在面板混凝土中添加纤维素纤维有利于面板防渗。     

覆盖层上机板堆石坝防渗墙和面板应力变形的离心模型模拟技术

本文采用离心模型试验对覆盖层上面板堆石坝防渗墙和面板的应力变形性进行了研究，得出了防渗墙和面板应力变形的一般规律。     

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面板堆石坝的三维非线性有限元分析,对并行计算提出了较高的要求. 在建模阶段挖掘出模 型内在的并行性,由相邻坝段构成子结构,既方便灵活又能满足区域分解法的要求. 编制了 适用于机群的并行多波前法计算程序,并应用于西龙池下库沥青混凝土面板堆石坝的有限元 数值分析,其计算结果和串行完全相同,通过对加速比和并行效率进行分析,结果表明采用 并行多波前法求解面板堆石坝的三维非线性有限元问题有效且算法简单,易于实现,无需辅 助的任务分配程序.     

镶嵌面板坝高模量区优化设计研究

堆石体变形控制与面板防裂是建设300m级超高混凝土面板堆石坝的关键难题,合理地选定坝体分区和筑坝材料是解决问题的主要措施之一。通过有限元数值仿真计算进行了镶嵌面板坝高模量区优化设计研究,探讨了高模量区对坝体及面板应力变形的影响。计算结果表明,当高模量区起始高程为最大坝高的23%,同时高度为最大坝高的38%时,计算结果较不设高模量区,坝体沉降和水平位移分别减小15.85%和11.68%,面板挠度和顺坡向压应力分别减小21.15%和20.97%。研究成果可为超高面板堆石坝的设计及建设提供理论依据。     

覆盖层地基上面板堆石坝区间优化设计

用区间分析方法研究覆盖层地基上面板堆石坝的断面优化设计，根据该坝型的结构特点和工作条件，提出了合适的优化设计数学模型，探讨了区间优化的求解方法。实例计算表明，方法的收敛性好，计算量小；所得到的设计方案经济合理，安合可靠。     

混凝土面板砂砾石坝漫顶溃坝数值模拟

通过溃坝案例的现场调查和水槽模型试验,建立了面板砂砾石坝漫顶溃坝数学模型,以模拟水流特性、砂砾石料以及混凝土面板三者之间的相互作用。该模型主要由3部分组成：(1)考虑漩涡水流和砂砾石料之间的冲蚀特性,引入RNG k-ε湍流模型模拟漩涡水流的反向侵蚀;(2)通过泥沙输移公式和流体体积法(VOF法)追踪砂粒与水流侵蚀交界面,并考虑了砂砾石料的孔隙特性;(3)基于弯矩平衡法判定混凝土面板在自重和水荷载作用下的破坏过程。通过水槽模型试验对数学模型进行验证,结果表明,建立的数学模型能够准确地模拟溃决过程中漩涡水流对大坝的反向侵蚀和面板溃口的详细演化过程;该模型计算的溃口流量、堆石体溃口的发展、溃坝历时以及面板的折断长度,与实测数据的相对误差均小于15%,验证了模型的合理性。与参数化模型相比,本研究提出的溃坝模拟数学模型具有更详细的结果。     

刚性路面板热胀屈曲的理论分析

本文分析了水泥混凝土路面板在温度场作用下热胀屈曲的力学机制。采用摄动理论,本文导出了路面板临界铺设温差的渐近表达式并给出了误差分析。     

青海省黑泉水库混凝土面板坝的工程地质问题与工程处理措施

黑泉混凝土面板坝高 1 2 3.5 0m ,位居中国已建成的混凝土面板坝第四。坝址地形破碎 ,构造发育 ,工程地质条件复杂 ,河床第四纪砂卵砾石层存在不利于坝体稳定和变形的夹层 ,大坝设计采取了一些独具特色的结构措施 ,较好地适应了特殊的地质条件。本文重点分析了大坝的工程地质条件及相应的工程处理措施。     

基于数值仿真的某水电站软岩筑高混凝土面板堆石坝剖面优化设计研究

目前坝工界正在积极寻求解决软岩筑高面板堆石坝的技术方法以适应筑坝条件较差的工程.实践证明,合理的软、硬岩堆石料分区不仅有利于控制工程的投资、保护环境,同时还可以协调堆石体之间的变形,避免坝体出现不均变形.规范[1]建议将软岩堆石料用在坝轴线下游的次要堆石区,但是具体的范围由于不同软岩的力学性质而各有差异,只能借助数值分析的方法来优选确定.某水电站坝址区料源为岩性较软的绿泥石片岩,为达到充分利用该软岩的目的,论文对4种典型设计标准断面方案进行了2维有限元计算比较分析,给出了推荐方案.并就该坝址区特殊的河谷地形,对大坝作了3维有限元计算分析,指导面板功能缝的设置.     

超高坝堆石分区问题二维有限元分析

阿瓜密尔帕坝和天生桥一级水电站坝是新建的超高坝,坝高都超过150 m,建成后二座坝的混凝土面板表面都出现了结构性裂缝.针对这两座超高坝出现的问题,库克、Alberto、Pinto等专家对堆石分区提出了一些新的观点和见解.文中以自行假定的坝高227.5 m的超高坝为例,选取三种分区方案,进行了平面有限元计算,根据有限元计算结果对库克等专家提出的新的观点和见解进行了分析,得到了一些有益结论.     

The effect of concrete slab–rockfill interface behavior on the earthquake performance of a CFR dam

Earthquake response of the concrete slab is mostly depended upon its conjunction with rockfill. This study aims to reveal the effect of concrete slab–rockfill interface behavior on the earthquake performance of a concrete-faced rockfill dam considering friction contact and welded contact. Friction contact is provided by using interface elements with five numbers of shear stiffness values. 2D finite element model of Torul concrete-faced rockfill dam is used for this purpose. Linear and materially non-linear time-history analyses considering dam–reservoir interaction are performed using ANSYS. Reservoir water is modeled using fluid finite elements by the Lagrangian approach. The Drucker–Prager model is preferred for concrete slab and rockfill in non-linear analyses. Horizontal component of 1992 Erzincan earthquake with peak ground acceleration of 0.515g is used in analyses. The maximum and minimum displacements and principal stresses are shown by the height of the concrete slab and earthquake performance of the dam is investigated considering different joint conditions for empty and full reservoir cases. In addition, potential damage situations of concrete slab are evaluated.     

Unsteady free surface flow in porous media: One-dimensional model equations including vertical effects and seepage face

This note examines the two-dimensional unsteady isothermal free surface flow of an incompressible fluid in a non-deformable, homogeneous, isotropic, and saturated porous medium (with zero recharge and neglecting capillary effects). Coupling a Boussinesq-type model for nonlinear water waves with Darcy's law, the two-dimensional flow problem is solved using one-dimensional model equations including vertical effects and seepage face. In order to take into account the seepage face development, the system equations (given by the continuity and momentum equations) are completed by an integral relation (deduced from the Cauchy theorem). After testing the model against data sets available in the literature, some numerical simulations, concerning the unsteady flow through a rectangular dam (with an impermeable horizontal bottom), are presented and discussed.     

ANALYSIS MODEL ON GRADUAL CHANGE PRINCIPLE OF EFFECT ZONES OF LAYER FACE FOR ROLLED CONTROL CONCRETE DAM

The effect zones of layer face for RCC (rolled control concrete) dam have gradual change characteristics. Based on the analysis thought of complex material, a model was built to analyze above principle of RCC dam by use of series-wound and shunt-wound connection. Some methods were proposed to determine the instantaneous Young's modulus, delayed Young's modulus and viscosity coefficient of effect zones of layer face. Above models and methods were used to mine the principle of gradual change of key calculation parameters which can response the characteristics of effect zones. The principle of gradual change was described. A model was established to analyze the three-dimensional viscoelastic problem of RCC dam. Above programs were developed. The examples show that the proposed models and methods to determine the key calculation parameters of effect zones can reflect the status of RCC dam accurately.     

Water discharge over a dam

A solution is given for a problem of plane steady motion of a heavy ideal incompressible liquid which is partially bounded from below by two planes positioned at an angle of ±30° to the horizontal. The problem may be interpreted as water discharge over a dam in the form of a wedge with apex angle 120°. The so-called fixed-weir rockfill dams have a profile similar to the one considered here [1]. The flow discharge coefficient, which is very close to the experimental value, is calculated for the dam in question.     

流固耦合破坏分析的多分辨率PD-SPH方法

流固耦合破坏是一类涉及结构变形与破坏以及复杂自由表面现象的强非线性力学问题. 结合近场动力学(peridynamics, PD)与光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics, SPH)各自的优势并考虑其计算效率问题, 提出一种适用于分析流?固耦合破坏问题的多分辨率PD-SPH混合方法. 分别采用SPH和PD方法以不同的空间和时间分辨率对流体和结构进行离散与求解, 利用具有与流体粒子相同光滑长度的虚粒子处理流?固界面, 以高精度满足界面边界条件. 通过两个经典算例: 液柱静压力下弹性板的变形和溃坝流体冲击弹性闸门的变形问题, 表明提出的多分辨率PD-SPH方法兼具较高的计算精度和计算效率; 对含裂缝的Koyna重力坝水力劈裂问题进行模拟计算, 所得裂缝扩展路径与文献结果吻合, 说明该方法适用于涉及结构破坏的流固耦合问题仿真. 最后尝试采用该方法进行流体冲击作用下含裂纹混凝土板崩塌过程数值仿真, 准确描述混凝土板的断裂破坏和全过程中的流体运动. 多分辨率PD-SPH混合方法或可为流?固耦合作用下的结构损伤破坏仿真提供一种新选择.      

Comparison of near- and far-fault ground motion effect on the nonlinear response of dam–reservoir–foundation systems

In this paper, it is aimed to compare the near- and far-fault ground motion effects on the nonlinear dynamic response of dams including dam–reservoir–foundation interaction. Two different types of dams, which are concrete arch and concrete faced rockfill dams, are selected to investigate the near- and far-fault ground motion effects on the dam responses. The behavior of reservoir water is taken into account using Lagrangian approach. The Drucker–Prager material model is employed in nonlinear analyses. Near and far-fault strong ground motion records, which have approximately identical peak ground accelerations, of Loma Prieta (1989) earthquake are selected for the analyses. Displacements, maximum and minimum principal stresses are determined using the finite element method. The displacements and principal stresses obtained from the analyses of dams subjected to each fault effect are compared with each other. It is clearly seen that there is more seismic demand on displacements and stresses when the dam is subjected to near-fault ground motion.     

改善平板风致静力的定常吸气方法

采用基于CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)的数值方法研究了定常吸气方法对平板风致静力的影响。研究对象选为一处于均匀来流风场中的平板模型,在该平板靠近来流端设置定常吸气入口,通过改变定常吸气系数和吸气模式计算该平板模型的风致静力三分力,进而获取定常吸气对平板风致静力作用的影响。风场数值模拟采用RSM(Reynolds Stress Equation Model)湍流模型。计算结果表明,在定常吸气作用下平板的阻力系数显著降低,扭矩系数增大;平板迎风端面的压力随着吸气能量的增强而减小,背风端面的压力基本不变。数值结果表明:定常吸气可以有效地改善平板绕流边界层结构,降低风致阻力。