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庞志海樊学武马臻邹刚毅 《光学学报》2016,(5):202-208
利用条纹泽尼克多项式来表征自由曲面的光学元件,并将多项式中表示初级球差、彗差、像散项转换为矢量形式.利用矢量波像差理论,研究了自由曲面光学元件校正光学系统初级像差的特性.通过分析可知,自由曲面在光学系统中不同位置时所校正的像差特性不同.当自由曲面位于光学系统的孔径光阑(入瞳或出瞳)上可以校正光学系统全视场内为常数的初级像差;当自由曲面远离孔径光阑时,由于轴外视场成像光束口径的缩放与偏移,自由曲面可以校正非对称初级像差,且不同初级像差与视场依据关系不同. 相似文献
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提出了一种可用于指导非旋转对称、折反射式光学系统设计的Wasserman-Wolf曲面设计方法,并将其用于设计椭球形整流罩光学系统,得到的系统具有结构尺寸小的优点。利用最小二乘拟合的方法使系统初始结构兼顾各个扫描视场的像差校正需求,克服了以往只针对零视场计算校正元件初始参数致使扩展至整个扫描视场时系统评价函数难以收敛的弊端。同时,从平面对称的矢量像差理论出发,分析了平面对称反射镜的像差特性,阐述了在不同扫描视场中,利用反射镜倾斜来进行动态像差补偿的原理。设计了一套工作波段为中波红外的椭球形整流罩光学系统,该系统的调制传递函数(MTF)在整个扫描视场内接近衍射极限。 相似文献
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为了控制反射式旋转对称光学系统中的偏振效应,对该类系统中的偏振像差进行了分析。在偏振像差理论的基础上,通过偏振光线追迹的方法,导出反射式旋转对称光学系统的偏振像差的计算公式,提出了反射界面产生的偏振像差的影响因子,对影响其偏振像差的因素进行了分析。实例分析结果表明,对于具有宽光谱、大入射角、大视场等特点的反射式旋转对称光学系统,要想提高其光学系统的性能,必须控制光学系统的偏振像差。提出尽可能减小入射角的大小,并通过薄膜设计减小偏振分离来降低系统中的偏振效应,是控制反射式旋转对称光学系统中的偏振像差的有效措施。 相似文献
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基于对离轴反射变焦距光学系统进行计算机辅助装调研究, 需要检测离轴反射变焦距系统各个视场的波像差, 除零度视场外, 获得包括其他视场的波像差有助于提高计算机辅助装调的准确性, 但是目前已有的波像差检测方法往往只能获得系统零度视场的波像差. 本文针对这个难题提出了一种检测离轴反射变焦距光学系统各个视场波像差的方法, 并应用于离轴三反变焦距光学系统的各视场波像差仿真检测. 该方法在传统自准直干涉法的基础上进行改进, 关键在于采用变形镜代替扫描的平面镜, 并采用夏克-哈特曼波前传感器代替干涉仪, 配合精确标定的激光器光源阵列, 可以实现对离轴三反变焦距光学系统的多视场波像差同时检测. 由理论分析和仿真模拟得出, 该系统在视场(0°, 3°), (0°, 4.2°), (0°, 5.5°), (0°, 7°), (0°, 9.8°), (0°, 14°)处经过变形镜补偿后的剩余波像差的RMS值分别为0.00039λ, 0.00075λ, 0.0024λ, 0.00017λ, 0.00053λ, 0.0057λ, 分析仿真结果表明此检测方案是可行的, 且适用于离轴反射变焦距系统的计算机辅助装调技术的研究. 相似文献
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All-reflective optical systems have theoretically no chromatic aberration and are suitable for wide spectral application,
but co-axial reflective systems are difficult to design as low F-number optical systems. In this paper, the aberration of plane-symmetric optical systems with low F-number is analyzed based on the wavefront derived from optical path length. Up to third-order aberrations are classified
into three categories by their characteristics. The reduction method of the dominant aberration, astigmatism-like aberration,
is proposed. In the method, the Gauss image plane is modeled by means of a simplified mirror surface with third-order approximation.
Because the system is plane-symmetric, symmetric cross section and asymmetric cross section are modelled differently. The
design example of a three-mirror system with F/2 is shown. 相似文献
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We examine the effects of third-order aberrations exerted on the irradiance of image that is observable in a coherent self-imaging system. Both spherical aberration and astigmatism degrade the visibility of the image of a sinusoidal-type grating as well as blur the outline of the image of a rectangular-type grating. Coma laterally shifts the image of a sinusoidal-type grating on the image plane as well as changes a rectangular-type pattern into an asymmetrically blurred pattern. According to our analysis, the self-image of a high-density grating with a period of two times the optical wavelength is not at all affected by spherical aberration. In general a self-imaging system can always be corrected for astigmatism by shifting the image plane in its normal direction. We show that the self-image with defect can be well explained by taking the third-order aberrations and the focus-shift aberration into consideration. 相似文献
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The aberration theory applied to co-axial optical systems is extended to off-axial systems, for which third-order aberration coefficients are considered. The derived aberrations are analyzed using three-dimensional ray bundles, spot diagrams, and image charts, and classified in relation to the system symmetry. This theory is very useful for optical designers, allowing them to clarify the relationship between the structures of off-axial optical systems and the corresponding off-axial aberrations. 相似文献
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A method for the design of an unobscured reflective zoom system with three mirrors is described. This method applies the vector aberration theory, which helps designers analyze third-order aberrations for optical systems with decentered and tilted surfaces. As the vector aberration theory presents the variation of third-order aberrations in asymmetric systems through analytic expressions, real ray tracing is unnecessary. Hence, the design with vector aberration theory is faster, and the analytic expressions are more comprehensive and intuitive. To demonstrate the practicability of the method, a design example is given, which shows that the presented method can guide designers achieve a good unobscured reflective zoom system with three mirrors. 相似文献
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近来磁六极透镜作为球差校正器引起了人们的注意。本文研究了磁圆形透镜和磁六极透镜的场分布叠加形成的复合系统的象差。我们在复数域中定义了内积,采用了复数的表象和微分算符,全面讨论了这种复合系统的高斯光学性质及二、三、四级象差,得出了各级象差所有的象差系数的公式。
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折衍混合单透镜的色球差校正研究 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
分析研究了小视场折射混合单透镜的设计中,当衍射面同时用于消色差和球差时光焦度分配的最优方案,得到了改进的光焦度分配公式,通过设计实例表明,由该改进公式可得到了较好的初始结构,能够有效地克服了衍射光学透镜校球差时产生的较大的色球差,验证了此改进公式的正确性和有效性,此改进公式对折衍混合系统的设计具有指导意义。 相似文献
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We discuss the Seidel-type aberrations which degrade the quality of the Gaussian beam, while the beam axis is slightly inclined to the axis of an optical system. First we examine the evolution of a complex-source-point spherical wave through multiple spherical boundaries. Then we find a ray-optical solution for the diffracted beam that can be represented as a function of Seidel-type aberrations. We also formulate the characteristic parameters of the aberrated beam. If the beam axis is placed at the yz plane, the x component of beam quality factor is degraded by both spherical aberration and field curvature, and the difference in the x and y components of beam quality factor is caused by linear coma, linear astigmatism, and distortion. The fourth order theory of propagation of the Gaussian beam presented here may be applied to determine the parameters of a slightly inclined Gaussian in a symmetric optical system. 相似文献