带多个弹道路径点约束的扩展MPSP制导方法

针对弹道导弹临近空间低弹道突防问题,对仅仅满足末端输出量约束的模型预测静态规划(MPSP)制导方法进行扩展,提出了带弹道路径点约束的扩展MPSP制导方法。通过在临近空间中段飞行弹道上设置一系列弹道路径点约束,依靠这种策略调节中段飞行弹道的形状,提高弹道导弹的机动突防能力。通过仿真对扩展MPSP制导方法的有效性进行验证,仿真结果表明扩展MPSP制导方法能很好地满足临近空间中段低弹道飞行弹道路径点约束,弹道路径点处的角度偏差可控制在0.1°范围内,位移偏差可控制在1.0 m范围内。     

高超声速飞行器助推段弹道快速计算方法

为提高机动发射高超声速飞行器助推段弹道计算速度和精度,提出一种联合BP神经网络和Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)算法实现弹道精确快速计算的方法。首先综合考虑各项约束条件设计了助推段飞行程序和弹道优化模型;其次采用BP神经网络方法推导了发射点及终端入轨点状态量与弹道参数的映射关系;最后建立了基于BP神经网络和L-M算法的联合数值寻优计算模型,并采用联合算法对高超声速飞行器助推段弹道进行优化计算。仿真结果表明,基于BP神经网络和L-M方法的联合算法能够快速和高精度地完成机动条件下的高超声速飞行器助推段弹道计算,其终端高度、速度和弹道倾角的入轨精度可分别达到2 m、0.1 m/s、0.01°,并且弹道计算耗时在3 s以内。     

面向突防的多导弹协同弹道规划方法

针对目前多弹协同研究中长距离、宽速域、大空域协同弹道规划研究匮乏这一问题,同时考虑通过弹道设计降低飞行过程中雷达探测概率的实际需求,提出了一种面向突防的多导弹攻击时间/攻击角度协同的弹道规划方法。根据雷达方程,建立了威胁量化模型;针对多导弹攻击时间/攻击角度协同作战需求,给出了实现攻击时间/攻击角度协同的方法;设计了协同弹道规划求解框架,将上述协同攻击问题转化为非线性规划问题,基于hp-自适应Radau伪谱法进行求解得到了满足攻击时间/攻击角度协同的弹道,并对两种典型案例进行了仿真验证。同地先后发射和不同地同时发射情况下,均得到了满足攻击时间/攻击角度协同的弹道。仿真结果表明,该方法能够满足雷达探测威胁最小条件下,多导弹以协同攻击时间/攻击角度对目标实施打击。     

基于动压约束的高超声速飞行器机动突防制导策略

针对高超声速飞行器临近空间机动突防问题,提出一种基于最低动压约束的高超声速飞行器临近空间大空域机动策略。对基于模型预测静态规划(MPSP)制导方法进行改进,末端时刻输出量考虑末端时刻时间偏差影响,性能指标函数考虑控制量输入约束影响,推导得到带多个航路点约束的扩展MPSP制导方法。根据战场态势对航路点处的动压进行约束,调节飞行轨迹的形状,实现临近空间大空域机动突防。通过仿真对所提出的制导方法有效性进行了验证,结果表明该制导方法能够很好地满足航路点处约束条件,各航路点处动压偏差在1.0 N/m~2范围内,航迹倾角偏差在0.1°范围内,高度偏差在1.0 m范围内,实现了高超声速飞行器临近空间自主机动突防。     

基于代理模型和等效刚度模型的加筋柱壳混合优化设计

针对轴压作用下的加筋柱壳后屈曲性能优化计算较大的问题,本文提出了一种基于代理模型和等效刚度模型的混合优化策略,即运用基于等效刚度的平铺模型进行有限元后屈曲分析以代替试验设计中大量的精细加筋模型分析,并通过控制等效模型的单元尺寸来调整其分析精度,而等效刚度模型计算时长仅约为精细加筋模型的1/3。对构建的代理模型采用多岛遗传算法进行极限承载力等约束下的轻量化设计,调用精细模型有限元后屈曲分析对代理模型进行更新,从而保证代理模型的拟合精度并得到优化解。工程算例结果表明,本文提出的混合优化方法,使加筋柱壳结构在满足承载力情况下减重效果明显。     

基于输入成型的挠性航天器自适应姿态控制（英文）

针对快速调姿挠性航天器的姿态控制问题,提出一种基于输入成型的自适应姿态控制方法,解决俯仰、偏航、滚转三通道的控制耦合问题,抑制航天器挠性振动、提高姿态控制精度。首先,建立了考虑弹性振动、执行器故障及惯量不确定性的挠性航天器姿态动力学模型。基于欧拉轴角提出一种姿态机动参考轨迹设计方法,避免了俯仰、偏航、滚转三通道的耦合问题。通过多模输入成型方法对姿态机动参考轨迹进行修正,以抑制航天器弹性振动。采用自适应容错控制方法对修正后的参考轨迹进行跟踪,以实现挠性航天器快速姿态机动任务。数值仿真结果表明,与传统PD姿态控制方法相比,所提出的基于输入成型的挠性航天器自适应姿态控制方法可将残余弹性振动幅值和姿态控制偏差降低两个数量级,验证了该方法的有效性。     

平动点Halo轨道航天器保持的多目标优化

针对日地系统平动点附近Halo轨道航天器保持任务,考虑航天器的能量消耗与轨道保持精度需求,采用多目标优化方法设计了改进时变控制器用于航天器Halo轨道保持任务。首先,基于圆形限制性三体模型推导了航天器的相对动力学方程并基于此设计了线性时变控制器。然后,采用多目标优化方法对时变控制器参数进行优化,得到满足航天器能量消耗与轨道保持精度之间平衡的Pareto最优解。最后,通过对考虑模型与环境干扰情况的数值模拟,结果表明多目标优化方法对平动点Halo轨道航天器保持任务达到低能能耗与高精度目标,具有一定的应用价值。     

多导弹攻击时间协同的滑模制导律

针对多导弹攻击时间协同的高价值或大型目标攻击问题,基于滑模控制方法,提出了一种非奇异的滑模制导律,并设计了一种适用于机动目标的导弹剩余飞行时间估计方法。通过对滑模制导律切换控制部分的合理设计,保证了系统的Lyapunov稳定性,且避免了滑模面的收敛和保持受到弹道收敛的影响总是可达的。适用于机动目标的剩余飞行时间估计方法采用虚拟目标的设计思路,将目标加速度和速度对弹目相对运动关系的影响投影到弹目视线方向上,从而实现目标的虚拟静止。针对目标固定、非机动和机动三种情况,进行了多枚导弹飞行时间协同攻击的数字仿真。仿真结果表明所估计的剩余飞行时间可以快速收敛到真值,且误差趋近于零。所设计的多导弹攻击时间协同滑模制导律在完成目标攻击的同时,实现了导弹间在攻击时间上的协同。     

基于改进交互多模型概率数据关联的机动目标跟踪（英文）

为了提高杂波条件下的空中机动目标跟踪精度,提出了一个改进的交互多模型概率数据关联算法。该算法将交互多模型、去偏转换测量和概率数据关联算法相结合,利用交互多模型算法模型集合间不同模型的相互切换来估计跟踪目标的状态;利用去偏转换测量算法对转换测量误差进行去偏补偿,从而减小观测数据坐标变换引起的误差;利用概率数据关联算法处理数据关联和测量的不确定性。通过将本文的算法和基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的概率数据关联算法进行对比分析和验证,实验结果表明本文提出的算法可以提高机动目标的跟踪精度,且跟踪精度相对基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的概率数据关联算法减少26.38%的位置误差。     

空间目标初始轨道确定吉布斯问题误差分析

现代战争中的空间武器平台捕获敌方的空间目标,确定其运行轨道后实施军事打击,所以对轨道确定参数的误差进行分析对于精确打击具有非常重要的意义。为了准确分析吉布斯三位置矢量定轨法的轨道根数的确定精度,根据吉布斯方法的轨道确定模型,采用向量求导的方法,详细推导了轨道根数对于观测位置误差的灵敏度矩阵,并给出了轨道根数误差与观测位置误差之间的关系,明确初始轨道的确定精度及误差传播规律。最后对吉布斯方法及其误差分析进行仿真分析验证,验证了方法的正确性。     

Optimized adaptive tracking control for an underactuated vibro-driven capsule system

This paper studies the issue of adaptive trajectory tracking control for an underactuated vibro-driven capsule system and presents a novel motion generation framework. In this framework, feasible motion trajectory is derived through investigating dynamic constraints and kernel control indexes that underlie the underactuated dynamics. Due to the underactuated nature of the capsule system, the global motion dynamics cannot be directly controlled. The main objective of optimization is to indirectly control the friction-induced stick–slip motions to reshape the passive dynamics and, by doing so, to obtain optimal system performance in terms of average speed and energy efficacy. Two tracking control schemes are designed using a closed-loop feedback linearization approach and an adaptive variable structure control method with an auxiliary control variable, respectively. The reference model is accurately matched in a finite-time horizon. The key point is to define an exogenous state variable whose dynamics is employed as a control input. The tracking performance and system stability are investigated through rigorous theoretic analysis. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the developed trajectory model and optimized adaptive control system.     

椭圆截面弹体斜侵彻金属靶体弹道研究

为研究椭圆截面弹体对半无限金属靶体的侵彻弹道规律,基于14.5 mm弹道枪平台,开展了椭圆截面弹体在0°～20°倾角、850～950 m/s撞击速度下对2A12铝合金的斜侵彻试验。基于空腔膨胀理论及局部相互作用模型,建立了椭圆截面弹体侵彻弹道模型,并结合试验数据验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,进一步分析了椭圆截面弹体长短轴之比、绕弹轴旋转角度、弹体撞击速度对侵彻弹道的影响规律。弹体长短轴之比为1.0时,弹体退化为尖卵形圆截面弹体,且椭圆截面弹体侵彻弹道稳定性随长短轴之比的增大而变弱,最优长短轴之比为1.0,即尖卵形圆截面弹体。椭圆截面弹体绕弹轴旋转一定角度后,侵彻弹道在平面曲线与空间曲线之间变化,当旋转角度为0°、90°时,侵彻弹道为二维平面弹道,当旋转角度在0°～90°之间时,侵彻弹道为三维空间弹道。当弹体撞击速度由800 m/s提升至1000 m/s时,椭圆截面弹体姿态角增量由18.6°降至17.8°。     

基于微分进化算法的深空轨道全局优化设计

针对多目标多任务的深空探测轨道设计问题,提出一种新的将探测目标、探测方式、探测顺序以及发射窗口同时作为优化变量, 并采用微分进化算法进行全局优化的设计方法. 使用该方法在只考虑太阳中心引力作用的二体模型下,基于圆锥曲线拼接法建立第三届全国深空轨道设计竞赛问题的优化模型并进行求解. 最后利用该方法求解ESA的ACT研究团队的深空探测任务算例并对结果进行对比分析. 结果表明, 提出的全局优化设计方法对解决多目标、多任务深空探测轨道优化设计问题是可行和有效的.      

Real-time numerical calculation for penetration depth of projectiles into concrete targets

Based on the acceleration data measured by penetration experiments with ogive-nose projectiles into semi-infinite concrete targets, a fuzzy method which can calculate the real-time penetration depth was developed. In the proposed method, the whole process of penetration was divided into three stages according to the instantaneous velocity, and each stage was described by different models. By judging the calculation error, threshold velocities between stages were automatically determined. Meanwhile, the striking velocity of the penetration process was calculated using the acceleration in whole trajectory. The calculated values by model are in reasonably good agreement with the measured data from experiments.     

Multi-pulse chaotic dynamics of six-dimensional non-autonomous nonlinear system for a composite laminated piezoelectric rectangular plate

Global bifurcations and multi-pulse chaotic dynamics are studied for a four-edge simply supported composite laminated piezoelectric rectangular plate under combined in-plane, transverse, and dynamic electrical excitations. Based on the von Karman type equations for the geometric nonlinearity and Reddy’s third-order shear deformation theory, the governing equations of motion for a composite laminated piezoelectric rectangular plate are derived. The Galerkin method is employed to discretize the partial differential equations of motion to a three-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system. The six-dimensional non-autonomous nonlinear system is simplified to a three-order standard form by using the method of normal form. The extended Melnikov method is improved to investigate the six-dimensional non-autonomous nonlinear dynamical system in mixed coordinate. The global bifurcations and multi-pulse chaotic dynamics of the composite laminated piezoelectric rectangular plate are studied by using the improved extended Melnikov method. The multi-pulse chaotic motions of the system are found by using numerical simulation, which further verifies the result of theoretical analysis.     

MULTI-PULSE ORBITS AND CHAOTIC DYNAMICS OF A COMPOSITE LAMINATED RECTANGULAR PLATE

This paper presents an analysis on the nonlinear dynamics and multi-pulse chaotic motions of a simply-supported symmetric cross-ply composite laminated rectangular thin plate with the parametric and forcing excitations. Firstly, based on the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation plate theory and the model of the von Karman type geometric nonlinearity, the nonlinear governing partial difirential equations of motion for the composite laminated rectangular thin plate are derived by using the Hamilton’s principle. Then, using the second-order Galerkin discretization, the partial differential governing equations of motion are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The case of the primary parametric resonance and 1:1 internal resonance is considered. Four-dimensional averaged equation is obtained by using the method of multiple scales. From the averaged equation obtained here, the theory of normal form is used to give the explicit expressions of normal form. Based on normal form, the energy phase method is utilized to analyze the global bifurcations and multi-pulse chaotic dynamics of the composite laminated rectangular thin plate. The theoretic results obtained above illustrate the existence of the chaos for the Smale horseshoe sense in a parametrical and forcing excited composite laminated thin plate. The chaotic motions of the composite laminated rectangular thin plate are also found by using numerical simulation, which also indicate that there exist different shapes of the multi-pulse chaotic motions for the composite laminated rectangular thin plate.     

Orientation-error observer-based tracking control of nonholonomic mobile robots

In this paper, a novel trajectory tracking controller is proposed for mobile robots with unknown orientation angle by employing the orientation-error observer (OEO). In order to overcome the local stability resulted from linearization design methods, an asymptotically stable controller is designed using Lyapunov’s direct method. This method breaks down nonlinear systems into low-dimensional systems and simplifies the controller design using virtual auxiliary error function and partial Lyapunov functions. A state-feedback controller for the nonlinear error dynamics of the mobile robot is combined with an observer that estimates the orientation-error based on available trajectory information and measurement of the position coordinates. The stability of the system is easily proved via the Lyapunov theory. Abundant simulation and experiment results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control method.     

基于塑性铰理论的车身概念设计正碰分析与优化方法

在概念设计阶段,车身碰撞安全性能评价是一个难点问题,需要详细的结构模型,本文基于塑性铰理论提出采用梁单元简化模型对框架车身进行概念设计阶段的耐撞性评估和优化设计方法。首先,介绍了关于箱型截面薄壁梁弯曲特性研究的理论模型与计算过程,接着赋予梁单元塑性铰的特性,模拟薄壁梁变形,再对框架车身进行了碰撞仿真。将仿真结果与详细模型对比,以分析简化模型的精度及可靠性。最后,以此为基础对框架车身进行耐撞性优化。结果表明,该简化模型易于创建,且有较高的精度,可用于概念设计阶段梁结构的设计工作。     

Multi-pulse chaotic motions of functionally graded truncated conical shell under complex loads

The global bifurcations and multi-pulse orbits of an aero-thermo-elastic functionally graded material (FGM) truncated conical shell under complex loads are investigated with the case of 1:2 internal resonance and primary parametric resonance. The method of multiple scales is utilized to obtain the averaged equations. Based on the averaged equations obtained, the normal form theory is employed to find the explicit expressions of normal form associated with a double zero and a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues. The energy-phase method developed by Haller and Wiggins is used to analyze the multi-pulse homoclinic bifurcations and chaotic dynamics of the FGM truncated conical shell. The analytical results obtained here indicate that there exist the multi-pulse Shilnikov-type homoclinic orbits for the resonant case which may result in chaos in the system. Homoclinic trees which describe the repeated bifurcations of multi-pulse solutions are found. The diagrams show a gradual breakup of the homoclinic tree in the system as the dissipation factor is increased. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate that for the FGM truncated conical shell, the multi-pulse Shilnikov-type chaotic motions can occur. The influence of the structural-damping, the aerodynamic-damping, and the in-plane and transverse excitations on the system dynamic behaviors is also discussed by numerical simulations. The results obtained here mean the existence of chaos in the sense of the Smale horseshoes for the FGM truncated conical shell.