彭泽贝母中微量元素的测定及初级形态分析

采用HNO3-H2O2微波消解体系,电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定彭泽贝母中Pb、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cd、Ba、Cr等10种微量元素,初步探究微量元素的存在形态.结果表明:彭泽贝母中含有丰富的人体必需微量元素,可能促进其有效成分作用的发挥.其中Ca在彭泽贝母中含量最高,而Mo含量最低;彭泽贝母中微量元素是以无机态为主、多种形态共存的复杂体系.     

汽车发动机润滑油使用前后微量元素变化的研究

为了研究汽车发动机润滑油使用前后微量元素变化的情况,采用超谱M型油料分析光谱仪对汽车发动机润滑油在使用前、后油品中的微量元素含量进行了测定,对其测定结果进行了数据处理.分析表明:Ca、Z、Mg、Si、Al、Na、Fe、Cu是润滑油中主要微量元素;使用后润滑油中增加了元素K、Pb、Cr、Ni;Zn元素含量增加最大,增加值为94.9 mg/kg;含量增长率最大是Cu元素,值为500%;含量增长率最小是Ca元素,值为10%.在所测元素中,除元素V外,使用前后汽车发动机润滑油中的微量元素值都不同程度的增加.     

原子吸收法对藏草药川木香中12种元素的初级形态分析

用原子吸收分光光度法,测定了产于青藏高原的藏草药川木香的全药材、水提液、醇提液中12种元素(Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Se、Zn、K、Ca、Mg、Cd、Pb)的含量,以及水提液中各元素可溶态、水溶态的含量,同时采取正辛醇-水分配体系模拟藏药水提液中各微量元素在人体胃肠中的分配情况,对藏药中微量元素的初级形态进行了分析,初步探讨了酸度变化(人体胃肠酸度)对微量元素的影响,结合藏药药效讨论其相关性,为进一步研究微量元素与藏药药性、药效的关系提供科学的依据和奠定基础.     

原子吸收法对藏草药水母雪兔子和多刺绿绒蒿中12种元素的初步形态分析

用原子吸收光谱法,对产于青藏高原的藏草药水母雪兔子和多刺绿绒蒿,测定了全药材、水提液、醇提液中12种元素(Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Se、Zn、K、Ca、Mg、Cd、Pb)的含量,以及水提液中各元素可溶态、水溶态的含量,同时采取正辛醇-水分配体系模拟藏药水提液中各微量元素在人体胃肠中的分配情况,对藏药中微量元素的初级形态进行了分析,初步探讨了酸度变化(人体胃肠酸度)对微量元素的影响,结合藏药药效讨论其相关性,为进一步研究微量元素与藏药药性、药效的关系提供科学依据.     

北五味子果实、茎和叶中微量元素的测定

采用硝酸和过氧化氢混合酸体系作消化液,利用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS),对延边地区不同产地五味子中微量元素的含量,进行了测定和研究。测定了不同产地五味子叶、茎、果实中Mg、Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr?Ni?Pb?Cd等19种元素的含量水平。测定结果显示五味子中K、Ca、Mg、Fe含量丰富,而Pb、Cd的含量很低。不同地区的五味子茎、叶、果实中微量元素含量存在很大差异。     

ICP-AES 法测定中药大黄中五种微量元素

采用HNO3-H2O2体系消解大黄生药，ICP-AES法测定消解液中的五种微量元素含量。结果表明，所测定大黄中的元素含量按Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu顺序依次递减。该法测定上述元素含量的标准偏差在1．2％～5．7％之间，回收率为93．5％～99．1％。     

毛细管电泳-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对田七提取液中Fe、Cu和Mg存在状态的研究

提出了以水作溶剂微波萃取提取,并以毛细管电泳电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(CE-ICP-AES)法测定田七提取液中Mg、Cu和Fe的形态的分析方法。实验结果表明:Mg仅以游离态存在;而Cu和Fe除了游离态以外,还存在其它三种未知的形态。此外,还测定了田七中20个微量元素的总含量,并得到了上述待测元素在水提取液中的提取率。     

茶叶中八种微量元素的初级形态分析

本文介绍对市售绿茶中Cu、Zn等八种微量元素进行的初级形态分析。在测定煮、泡茶和茶叶残渣中这些元素含量的基础上,算出有关参数,提供了微量元素浸出的有关信息。     

Analysis on Trace Elements in Preschoolers' Peripheral Blood in Xi'an City

为探讨西安市学龄前儿童末梢血微量元素现状及其含量与年龄及性别的关系,对2 350例学龄前儿童末梢血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁5种元素进行了测定,用SPSS 16.0做统计分析.结果表明,受检儿童末梢血中锌、钙、铁缺乏严重,铜和锌含量在年龄上具变化规律,且铜在性别间存在显著差异.提示应充分认识微量元素对儿童健康的重要性,定期对儿童进行微量元素监测,做好防治工作.     

ICP—AES法测定菜头肾中多种微量元素

为探讨测定菜头肾中多种微量元素的方法,采用HNO3-HC lO4体系湿法消化,运用ICP-AES法测定了菜头肾中的多种微量元素。结果表明,菜头肾中K、Ca、Mg、P、S、A l、Na、Fe、Mn等元素含量相对较高,变异系数范围在0.23%~8.92%之间,元素的回收率在82.9%~106.1%之间。该法简便快速,可同时测定菜头肾中多种微量元素。     

主成分分析用于浙贝母中无机元素含量的研究

采用原子吸收光谱（AAS）法测定了10个浙贝母样品中12种无机元素的含量,建立浙贝母无机元素指纹图谱,并用SPSS13．0方差分析和主成分分析对浙贝母中的微量元素进行了分析。结果表明,浙贝母的特征无机元素是Cd,Cu,Pb,Mg,Cr,Fe,Zn。可见主成分分析法是浙贝母无机元素分析的有效方法。     

Distribution analysis for materials research

Summary The property related characterization of materials demands information about bulk composition, distribution of elements and phases, and structure. The requirements concerning information content of methods, their spatial resolution, detection power, precision and accuracy are constantly increasing. This led to a significant improvement of existing and development of new methods and techniques.This contribution which has been published already in two review papers [1, 2], discussed important trends of development and their significance for high technology:In situ microanalysis: stereometric phase characterization, nanoanalysis, distribution analysis of trace elements, speciation, structure analysis.Surface analysis: trace analysis at surfaces, high spatial resolution microanalysis of surfaces, speciation structure analysis with atomic resolution.

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Verteilungsanalyse für die Werkstoff-Forschung

     

Two New Isosteroid Alkaloids from Fritillaria monatha Migo(III)

Fritillaria monatha Migo is the plant of the genus Fritillaria in the family Liliace, which mainly grows in Jiujiang in Jiangxi province. It was cultivated and utilized as an alternative for traditional Chinese medicine “Beimu” in Jiangxi1. The isolatio…     

Trace elements in surface sediments from Kongsfjorden,Svalbard: occurrence,sources and bioavailability

Concentration levels, potential sources and bioavailability of trace elements in marine sediments from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard Islands, Norwegian Arctic) were assessed and discussed. Surface sediments were collected by a Ponar grab and characterised in terms of mineralogical composition, grain-size distribution, total organic carbon and nitrogen percentage contents, and major and trace elements concentrations. Anthropogenic and natural sources of trace elements were inferred from lead isotope ratios, while the potential metal bioavailability was evaluated by size-fractionation and solid-phase speciation studies and by the analysis of acid-volatile sulphides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM). Concentrations of metals, their enrichment factors and solid speciation patterns collectively indicated that the anthropogenic impact of trace elements in the fjord is generally low, with a minor enrichment with respect to crustal values (by a factor of 2–11) for As, Cr, Ni and V. The lead isotope ratios (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁷Pb: 2.474–2.498 and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb: 1.206–1.212) were close to the natural signature except in the outer fjord, due to the influence of the Atlantic marine circulation. Many elements of toxicological concern (e.g. Pb, V, Zn) were enriched in the finest sediment fraction, which was by far the preponderant one, especially in the inner fjord. However, less than 15% of most trace elements (exceptions Cd and Mn) in the finest fraction was actually associated with easily leachable sediment phases. Finally, the high SEM/AVS ratios determined on samples from sites close to the glacier fronts (11–15), due to low AVS content, highlighted that the sediment in that zone cannot remove additional inputs of heavy metals by sulphide precipitation.     

Speciation of trace elements in biological materials: trends and problems.

In the determination of trace elements in biological materials, speciation is of particular importance as the essential effects or toxicity of an element and its metabolic behaviour depend to a large extent on the chemical forms in which it is present in the organism. Speciation is relatively easy if a property of a particular compound can be measured directly in the sample without interference from the other components of the material, e.g., the enzymic activities of the metallo-enzymes. Another possibility for speciation is immunoassay, which likewise allows direct determination of a particular trace element. At present, however, with most trace elements both fractionation methods and analytical procedures have to be combined and speciation has to be carried out by determining the elemental content in the separated fractions. The methods and apparatus used in taking, storing and preparing the samples can, therefore, not be selected solely according to the requirements of trace element determination, but it is also essential to ensure that the biological structures of the components to be separated remain intact. In this work the need for speciation in the investigation of the toxic and essential effects of trace elements is shown with the help of some examples, and the problems that can occur in the various steps of sampling, storage and sample preparation are discussed.     

Recent trends in nanomaterial-based microanalytical systems for the speciation of trace elements: A critical review

Trace element speciation in biomedical and environmental science has gained increasing attention over the past decade as researchers have begun to realize its importance in toxicological studies. Several nanomaterials, including titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO₂), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), have been used as sorbents to separate and preconcentrate trace element species prior to detection through mass spectrometry or optical spectroscopy. Recently, these nanomaterial-based speciation techniques have been integrated with microfluidics to minimize sample and reagent consumption and simplify analyses. This review provides a critical look into the present state and recent applications of nanomaterial-based microanalytical systems in the speciation of trace elements. The adsorption and preconcentration efficiencies, sample volume requirements, and detection limits of these nanomaterial-based speciation techniques are detailed, and their applications in environmental and biological analyses are discussed. Current perspectives and future trends into the increasing use of nanomaterial-based microfluidic techniques for trace element speciation are highlighted.     

Trace elements in a profile of the unsaturated zone of the São Paulo Basin

This study comprises Tertiary sediments (clays, silts, and fine clayey sands) from the unsaturated zone of the Experimental Station in the University of São Paulo, taken from a nine meters depth profile; ten samples were separated in bulk and <53 m fractions. Chemical composition was determined by INAA to ascertain the distribution of trace elements throughout the sediment deposition, and to establish the background parameters, useful for mobilization studies of such elements after industrial waste disposal.     

Size fractionation techniques combined with INAA for speciation purposes

In natural waters trace elements, especially trace metals may be present in a variety of physicochemical forms. They may be associated with forms ranging from simple ions and molecules via hydrolysis products and colloids, pseudocolloids and organic or inorganic particles. The transition between categories is gradual. The presence of species differing in size, charge and density will influence on the transport, mobility and bioavailability of the trace element in question. Fractionation techniques which do not influence the distribution patterns are therefore required for speciation purposes. In the present work dialysis in situ and large membrane (hollow fibers) ultrafiltration are used for fractionation of low molecular weight species, colloids, pseudocolloids and particles. Due to the presence of foreign components transformation processes influence the distribution patterns of trace elements of interest. Sorption to foreign surfaces, complexation with agents present and aggregation of colloids (e.g., increasing ionic strength) result in a shift towards higher dimensions while desorption and dispersion processes mobilize the trace elements. Information on several components is therefore needed in speciation studies and a multielemental method of analysis having low determination limits must be applied. Instrumental neutron activation is appropriate to this kind of study because of its high sensitivity for simultaneous determination of a great-number of elements. Size fractionation techniques combined with INAA for the characterization of trace element species in natural waters will be discussed.     

116例冠心病患者血清中10种必需微量元素水平的研究

１１６例冠心病患者血清中１０种必需微量元素的含量与正常值比较，具有如下特点：（１）铁，锌、铬，镍含量升高；２硒钴，钒，钼含量降低；（３）铜和锰差异无显著性。     

试谈中国特色的现代微量元素研究

中国微量元素研究取得了处于国际前沿的研究成果,逐渐形成了具有中国特色的微量元素医学的完整体系,形成了元素基础医学学派、元素形态分析学派和元素组学研究学派。微量元素知识普及、期刊论文和会议论文、学位论文、专利项目、基金资助项目、图书出版、元素形态分析、微量元素组学等8个方面发生了翻天覆地的变化。首创微量元素组学研究,成功地破解了临床医学和中药传统理论中一系列关键问题,发现微量元素的双面效应。