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深部煤层的地应力高、瓦斯含量高、渗透系数低,严重威胁煤炭的高效安全生产,必须进行强化增透以提高瓦斯的抽采率。水压爆破具有传能效率高、安全性好的特点,可应用于深部煤层增透。为研究深部煤层水压爆破裂纹扩展规律,基于LS-DYNA数值模拟,分析了不同的地应力、不耦合系数、耦合介质等条件下煤层的致裂效果。结果表明:地应力对水压爆破产生的冲击荷载有削减作用,地应力增大致使煤层裂纹长度变短,裂隙区范围减小,地应力在1~20 MPa范围内时,随着地应力的增大,爆破应力波的衰减逐渐减弱;不耦合系数处于1.0~3.0区间时,随着不耦合系数的增大,破碎区范围减小,裂隙区范围先增大后减小,煤层水压爆破裂纹扩展范围先增大后减小,不耦合系数为2.0时,爆破致裂效果最佳;采用不同的耦合介质爆破时,水介质耦合下爆破煤层裂隙区范围大于空气介质,水介质条件下爆破产生的有效应力最大值是空气介质下的1.35倍,水介质更有利于煤层裂纹的扩展发育。研究成果对于深部煤层水压爆破致裂增透工程实践具有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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针对光子在真空和进入透明介质后的能量和动量问题进行探讨,探讨光子在透明介质中的微观运动与宏观观测中所定义的光子能量动量关系之间的联系,澄清对光子的能量动量关系和对质能关系认识上所存在的误区。 相似文献
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此项高速摄影观测的目的是:1.检验两段爆破的实际微差间隔时间;2.测量引洞充填物的外逸速度;3.测量爆区岩体表面的运动参数4.监测飞石。通过分析影片得到了满意的结果是:两段爆破的实际延迟时间与设计相符。2~#引峒爆炸产物和充填物的逸出在100毫秒时为72米/秒,之后大体呈直线衰减。1~#引峒因联接两个药室,使 相似文献
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介绍了低吸收高负载特性的全氟碳化合物SBS新介质,研究了SBS相位共轭镜和SBS光限幅器对新介质的选取原则,并在Nd: YAG调Q激光器中进行了实验验证.结果表明,SBS相位共轭镜需要平均分子量小,运动黏度小,增益系数大的介质;而SBS光限幅器需要平均分子量大,运动黏度大,增益系数小的介质.新介质的发现增加了SBS介质的种类,而介质的选取原则对新介质的选用打下了良好的基础.
关键词:
SBS新介质
选取原则
平均分子量
运动黏度 相似文献
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天体运动中介质的阻力和推力与超光速运动的粒子 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
行星在太阳风中运动受太阳介质阻力和推力的作用。阻力使行星公转速率逐渐变小。推力使行星逐渐远离太阳并使行星的温度在长期内逐渐降低。推力是太阳系、银河系和宇宙膨胀的原因。除非粒子和介质发生碰撞,否则粒子的运动不受介质的阻碍可以超光速运动。证明宇宙射线中的粒子是超光速运动的粒子。 相似文献
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静止时线性、均匀、各向同性的介质,当它运动时变得不再各向同性,其标志是光线和波法线分离,波面形状由球面变成椭球面.本文给出了非各向同性介质与介质运动速度间的定量关系,导出了电磁波在运动介质表面反射和折射的普遍规律.并且就介质的运动方向与介质表面垂直或平行两种特殊情形进行了较为详细的分析。 相似文献
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基于光学参考棒的立体视觉测量系统现场标定技术 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
为实现大空间复杂工件的准确测量,精确标定立体视觉系统变得越来越重要。为了克服传统立体摄像机标定过程繁复、户外实现困难的弱点,提出了一种基于光学参考棒的灵活、有效的立体视觉测量系统标定技术。参考棒水平和深度方向各有三个距离已知的红外LED作为特征点。通过在测量范围内的不同位置和方位移动光学参考棒,两像机同时捕获参考棒上特征点的图像。基于匹配的特征像点以及对极线约束,利用线性算法和Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)迭代算法快速地标定立体视觉测量系统。两像机之间平移量的比例因子由参考棒上特征点间的已知距离确定。参量标定过程中,自动地控制光强,优化曝光时间,使不同位置处光点图像的强度均一致,可以获得高的信噪比,提高标定精度。实验结果表明,该方法灵活、有效,在线标定能达到很高的精度,将现场标定过程应用到实际的大空间三维测量系统中,测量最大误差为0.18 mm。 相似文献
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攻角是指飞行中弹丸的轴线与其质心运动方向的夹角,是描述弹丸飞行姿态的重要参数,以往都是采用狭缝相机来进行测量。提出了一种基于高速面阵像机测量弹丸攻角的方法。该方法是从面阵序列图像每帧中提取出固定列像元,然后按时序拼接形成一幅图像,等同于线阵扫描的图像;对于扫描速度同影像运动速度不同步时,建立了攻角计算修正模型。采用2台像机从非正交方向进行拍摄,基于面面交会原理,得到三维攻角。实测结果表明:该方法能完成弹速达到1 000 m/s的目标测试,攻角测量精度优于0.1。 相似文献
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针对大中口径舰炮对海射击训练时,缺少设备测量相对靶船中心的弹丸落点散布精度,提出了一种利用舰载光电跟踪仪交汇测量方法。以靶船型值为基准,利用靶船型值在屏幕上的像素尺寸,求出相对光电跟踪仪电视中心的弹着点线及偏置角,将两艘舰艇光电跟踪仪分别测量出的两条弹着点线相交,即可求出相对于靶船中心的脱靶量。给出了交会测量弹着水柱的数学模型,对测量精度进行了分析,计算结果表明脱靶量误差小于3m。 相似文献
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《Journal of computational physics》2008,227(1):602-632
This paper reports the three-dimensional (3D) generalization of our previous 2D higher-order matched interface and boundary (MIB) method for solving elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients and non-smooth interfaces. New MIB algorithms that make use of two sets of interface jump conditions are proposed to remove the critical acute angle constraint of our earlier MIB scheme for treating interfaces with sharp geometric singularities, such as sharp edges, sharp wedges and sharp tips. The resulting 3D MIB schemes are of second-order accuracy for arbitrarily complex interfaces with sharp geometric singularities, of fourth-order accuracy for complex interfaces with moderate geometric singularities, and of sixth-order accuracy for curved smooth interfaces. A systematical procedure is introduced to make the MIB matrix optimally symmetric and banded by appropriately choosing auxiliary grid points. Consequently, the new MIB linear algebraic equations can be solved with fewer number of iterations. The proposed MIB method makes use of Cartesian grids, standard finite difference schemes, lowest order interface jump conditions and fictitious values. The interface jump conditions are enforced at each intersecting point of the interface and mesh lines to overcome the staircase phenomena in finite difference approximation. While a pair of fictitious values are determined along a mesh at a time, an iterative procedure is proposed to determine all the required fictitious values for higher-order schemes by repeatedly using the lowest order jump conditions. A variety of MIB techniques are developed to overcome geometric constraints. The essential strategy of the MIB method is to locally reduce a 2D or a 3D interface problem into 1D-like ones. The proposed MIB method is extensively validated in terms of the order of accuracy, the speed of convergence, the number of iterations and CPU time. Numerical experiments are carried out to complex interfaces, including the molecular surfaces of a protein, a missile interface, and van der Waals surfaces of intersecting spheres. 相似文献
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单摄像机虚拟立体视觉测量技术研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以双目立体视觉传感器三维测量模型为基础,提出了一种用于测量空间三维点坐标的低成本单摄像机模型。该模型利用光学成像,把单摄像机镜像为一对虚拟摄像机,在一个CCD像面上采集到同一物体存在视差的两幅图像,从而恢复空间点的三维信息。讨论了单摄像机传感器测量空间三维点坐标的基本原理,建立了单摄像机传感器的测量模型,克服了双摄像机系统中成本高、切换采集左右摄像机的图像使检测速度减慢等诸多缺陷,为空间三维点的精密测量提供了经济、快速、有效的测量途径。实验表明.传感器可实现约0.8%的相对测量精度.证明了本方案合理、有效。 相似文献
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Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) can generate multiple two-dimensional (2D) diffraction grids that can be used to calibrate cameras for photogrammetry. However, several factors limit the accuracy and the functionality of this technique. One of the most important is the DOE fabrication itself. A large DOE with wide 2D fan-out grids is very difficult and costly to develop. Consequently, the calibration is limited to small aperture cameras and/or limited angles. To overcome these problems, we present a low cost solution. We propose to use two large, commercially available, crossed phase DOEs that generate 15×15 equally spaced dots. As the DOEs are not perfect, the unwanted secondary diffractive orders are used as calibration targets to expand the calibration field of view. We show that the use of the primary and secondary diffractive orders provides a valuable calibration tool for wide angle aerial cameras. 相似文献
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本文介绍了间歇式、棱镜补偿式、转镜高速摄影机和判读仪的新进展,也涉及到十八届国际高速摄影与光子学会议展览会的部分内容。 相似文献
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Junhua Sun Qianzhe Liu Zhen LiuGuangjun Zhang 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2011,49(11):1245-1250
Large FOV (field of view) stereo vision sensor is of great importance in the measurement of large free-form surface. Before using it, the intrinsic and structure parameters of cameras should be calibrated. Traditional methods are mainly based on planar or 3D targets, which are usually expensive and difficult to manufacture especially for large dimension ones. Compared to that the method proposed in this paper is based on 1D (one dimensional) targets, which are easy to operate and with high efficiency. First two 1D targets with multiple feature points are placed randomly, and the cameras acquire multiple images of the targets from different angles of view. With the fixed angle between vectors defined by the two 1D targets we can establish the objective function with intrinsic parameters, which can be later solved by the optimization method. Then the stereo vision sensor with two calibrated cameras is set up, which acquire multiple images of another 1D target with two feature points in unrestrained motion. The initial values of the structure parameters are estimated by the linear method for the known distance between two feature points on the 1D target, while the optimal ones and intrinsic parameters of the stereo vision sensor are estimated with non-linear optimization method by establishing the minimizing function involving all the parameters. The experimental results show that the measurement precision of the stereo vision sensor is 0.046 mm with the working distance of about 3500 mm and the measurement scale of about 4000 mm×3000 mm. The method in this paper is proved suitable for calibration of stereo vision sensor of large-scale measurement field for its easy operation and high efficiency. 相似文献
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数字摄影测量在逆向工程和三维检测方面具有广泛应用。对摄影测量中CCD相机的测量精度进行探讨,提出一种基于数理统计的计算方法。通过相机拍摄多组照片,在XJTUDP软件下计算相同条件的编码点或非编码点之间的距离,得出其平均值,将测得的每组单个数值减去平均值,可获得每次测量的个体误差。求个体误差与平均值的比值的绝对值,可得出单组数组的测量精度。对测量精度求平均值,得出标准精度的概念。将标准精度作为衡量CCD相机测量精度的指标。结合试验数据,应用本方法对Cannon400D定焦相机和变焦相机进行较详细的分析,为定焦和变焦相机的选取提供依据。 相似文献
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光电经纬仪异面交会测量及组网布站优化设计 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
提出了一种基于空间两异面光轴公垂线估计目标真实位置及组网布站站址几何的优化设计方法.通过光电经纬仪观测目标方位角、俯仰角和基线长度,计算两光轴在待估目标上的两交点,得到目标位置的公垂线.依据两台光电经纬仪的测角准确度作为权系数,估计目标真实位置.通过误差仿真及定位准确度分析,研究了组网测量中交会角、方位角、高低角和基线长度对定位准确度的影响. 相似文献