梳形支化聚苯乙烯的支化结构对其溶液形态和性质的影响

通过氮氧稳定自由基聚合和原子转移自由基聚合制备出不同支化结构的梳形支化聚苯乙烯.使用示差折光指数-多角激光光散射-毛细管黏度三检测联用凝胶渗透色谱对不同链结构梳形支化聚苯乙烯在四氢呋喃(THF)中的形态和性质进行了研究.结果表明,梳形支化PS在THF中的均方根回转半径(Rg)和特性黏数([η])均随支链长度和支链数目的增加而增大,但是在支链长度较长或者支链数目较大时,Rg和[η]随分子量增加而增大的趋势逐渐放缓,而且支链数目对梳形支化PS在溶液中的均方根回转半径和特性黏数的影响程度要大于支链长度.梳形支化聚苯乙烯在四氢呋喃中的MHS方程特性参数K、α随支链长度和支链数目的增加不断变化.     

柔性树枝形大分子溶液的自洽场理论计算

树枝形大分子是一种新型高分子材料,其浓度分布、末端官能团分布和分子尺寸决定了材料的性质.在柔性支化臂条件下,推导了均聚物树枝形大分子在溶剂中的自洽场理论,计算了不同代数G的树枝形大分子的链节浓度分布.计算结果表明：（1）在良溶剂（或绝热溶剂）中,柔性支化臂的树枝形大分子符合"dense-core"模型,链节浓度沿径向缓慢下降;（2）由于柔性链的折回构象,末端链没有向球形分子的外缘球壳层聚集的倾向;（3）不同代数的支化臂所受的拉伸强度不同,近中心处的第一代支化臂所受的拉伸程度最大;（4）自洽场计算与Flory平均场理论标度律估算结果一致,得到树枝形大分子在良溶剂中的分子尺寸具有标度律R~（GP）^1/5N^2/5,其中P是单个支化臂的聚合度,N是分子的总的链段数;（5）在G固定的情况下,该标度律简化为R~P^3/5.     

一组线型聚苯乙烯和星形支化聚苯乙烯的凝胶色谱与热场流分级方法的比较

本文应用热场流分级方法,在两种不同的场强下(△T=30℃、△T=50℃),测试了一系列窄分布聚苯乙烯标样和星形支化聚苯乙烯的淋出体积V_r和分子量M的依赖关系。星形支化物的臂数不同,但臂的分子量相同,上述样品进行了GPC测试,实验表明,由TFFF得到的支化的与线型聚苯乙烯在V_r～M关系上的差别大于GPC的结果,表明链结构对扩散系数的影响大于对分子体积的影响。     

基于聚烯烃和聚苯乙烯的梳形(共)聚合物的研究进展

无论从生物大分子还是合成高分子,均表明大分子链拓扑结构对于材料性能具有重要的作用。探索聚合物分子链拓扑结构与材料性能的关系一直是高分子材料科学研究的重要课题。活性/可控聚合技术为特定拓扑结构的分子链(如:梳形聚合物)设计合成提供了有效途径,进而可以方便地调控聚合物的分子结构及其性能。针对梳形聚合物的合成,目前主要采用三种合成策略,分别是"Graft onto"策略、"Graft through"策略和"Graft from"策略。结合作者课题组的工作,本文综述了以聚烯烃和聚苯乙烯为基础的梳形(共)聚合物的可控合成以及结构与性能关系的研究进展,重点阐述了长链支化结构参数(支链长度、支链密度和化学组成)对于聚合物熔体行为、发泡行为和结晶行为的影响规律。     

溶液中柔性树枝状高分子的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了柔性树枝状高分子在无热溶剂中的静态和动态行为. 模拟结果表明: 在分子尺寸和回转半径Rg满足标度律Rg~N1/5(G+1)2/5P2/5(其中N为树枝状分子的聚合度, G为代数, P为链节长度, g为子代代数)时; 随着代数的增加, 树枝状分子和硬球的静态结构因子相似, 表明其内部结构发生了由“类星形”向“近球形”转化. 随着树枝状分子代数和链节长度的增加, 出现了“单元”(Monomer)密度几乎不变的区域. 树枝状分子的回折能力随着链节长度的增加而增强, 随着代数的增加而减弱. 树枝状分子各子代的运动能力不同, 与内层子代相比, 外层子代在短时间内扩散较慢, 但其松弛较快. 相对于Rouse指数, 树枝状分子“单元”运动的标度更接近Zimm指数.     

多检测GPC／SEC技术在高分子表征中的应用：Ⅲ.新型聚炔类梳形？…

采用体积排斥色谱法／示差折光指数／直角激光光散射／示差粘度三检测联用技术表征聚炔类梳形液晶高分子,阐述了在溶液中分子尺寸与结构的关系,计算了无无扰尺寸（〈ｒ０＾２〉／Ｍ）＾１／２和Ｆｌｏｒｙ特征比Ｃ∞,讨论了侧基的柔性和体积对主链柔性程度的影响。     

侧基差异对含磷、氟、氧和硅烷聚合物构象性质的影响

基于改进的旋转异构态模型和生成矩阵统计方法,推导了均方回转半径和均方偶极矩的公式,并应用于研究无机和半无机聚合物构象-构型依赖的性质.计算结果发现,聚合物链的柔性和极性与含杂元素成分、侧基的大小、构象能及链规整程度有关,不对称链比对称链极性更强.聚甲基苯基硅烷(PMPS)和聚二甲基亚硅烷(PDMS)与聚甲基苯基硅醚、聚苯基硅烷和聚磷酸等相比,因侧基高密集分布导致链尺寸较大.尤其是PMPS,其长链在考虑侧基与不考虑侧基影响下计算的链尺寸差异为4. 68%,特性黏数随构型参数和链聚合度增大有较大的变化.同样,PDMS的温度系数随链聚合度增大有独特的变化规律.因此,建议在计算分子链尺寸和极性时,不能忽略侧基的大小、分布和极性.     

受限于平行界面之间高分子链力学行为的研究

采用PERM(pruned-enriched-rosenbluth method)算法,和简立方格点上的自避行走模型,研究了受限于平行界面之间的星型高分子链和线型高分子链的力学行为,并将两种结果进行了比较.模拟结果表明,如果界面对高分子链存在吸附作用,界面之间距离D的增大需要外力的作用;如果界面对链没有吸附作用,则D的增大是一个自发的过程,无需外力的作用.随着界面间距D的增大,通过计算星型链和线型链的均方回转半径〈S2〉和形状因子〈δ*〉,研究了链尺寸和形状的变化情况.另外,为了更细微地了解星型链和线型链的结构及力学行为,还研究了受限高分子链在平行界面之间的轨链(train)、环链(bridge)和尾链(tail).     

Monte Carlo模拟研究高分子单链在基体中扩散的拓扑效应

高分子流体的性质同高分子的链结构及其动力学行为密切相关. 在高分子共混物中,共混组分的性质不仅依赖于自身的拓扑结构,还受到其它组分分子拓扑的影响. 本文中采用基于格子模型的Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了在高分子基体中扩散的4种不同拓扑组合（环形或线形高分子链）体系中目标单链的静态和动态性质. 结果发现,环形目标单链的性质受基体分子拓扑结构的影响要大于线形目标单链;其中环/线这一拓扑组合中目标单链的扩散机理相比其本体已经发生了较大改变,链末端在其中起了重要作用. 此外,我们对引起这一现象出现的可能原因做了分析.     

蠕虫状链模型下梳状共聚物分子的均方回转半径的理论分析及其在聚羧酸系减水剂分子中的应用

利用蠕虫状链模型对梳状共聚物分子的均方回转半径进行了理论分析,建立了回转半径与主链轮廓长度、主链持久长度、侧链轮廓长度、侧链持久长度、侧链数目以及侧链沿主链的分布情况(均匀分布和梯度分布)之间的定量数学关系.在此基础上,以被称为"第一代聚羧酸系高性能减水剂"(以下简称为MPEG-type PCE)的甲基丙烯酸(MAA)/烯酸甲酯(MAA-MPEG)梳状共聚物分子为研究对象,结合实验数据,对其聚电解质主链的持久长度进行了分析,并考察了主侧链长度、刚柔性、侧链分布、接枝密度等分子结构参数对PCE回转半径的影响,最后对模型的局限性作简要说明.梳状共聚物分子的蠕虫状链模型物理图像简洁,参数意义明确,应用于PCE分子体系时较之前所报道的柔性链模型要更为合理,能够为分析PCE的分子结构与溶液构象和吸附构象之间的关系提供更科学的视角.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Star Polymer with Comb-like Poly(lauryl methacrylate) Arms by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization via One-pot ‘Arm-First’ Method

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used to prepare core crosslinked star polymers with comb-like poly (lauryl methacrylate) (LMA) arms by one-pot “arm-first” method, involving the synthesis of comb-like PLMA arms, followed by their crosslinking, using a mixture of LMA monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) crosslinker. By adjusting the feeding time and level of EGDMA, a series of star-like polymers with various comb-like arms length and number can be obtained. The molecular architecture including radius of gyration (Rg), hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and intrinsic viscosity (η_i) etc. were characterized by a triple-detector gel permeation chromatography (GPC) equipped with a refractive index detector, viscometer detector and a multi-angle static laser light scattering (MALLS) detector. The thermal property and shearing stability of these star-like polymers were also investigated.     

Effect of branching and confinement on star-branched polymeric systems

The effect of confinement, number of branches (functionality), and size of the molecules on various properties as a function of temperature of star-branched polymers confined between two walls was studied using Monte Carlo simulations with the parallel tempering technique. The coil-to-globule transition and the liquidlike to solidlike transition, similar to those observed for linear chains, were characterized in all systems by changes in the heat capacity, internal energy, and radius of gyration. The transitions were also characterized by the most probable isomeric structure at a given temperature. The radius of gyration of the star polymers was smaller than the values of linear chains when the number of arms f increased. For star chains with more than f=5 arms the values of the radius of gyration, and therefore the size of the molecules, were similar for every condition of confinement studied, especially at higher temperatures. As confinement was increased, the difference in the radius of gyration of linear chains and star polymers became even larger. The coil-to-globule transition temperatures shifted to higher temperatures as the size of the chains and the number of arms in a molecule were increased. Effects of confinement were higher on the properties of the system at the smallest separations (less than twice the monomer diameter), where the coil-to-globule transition shifted to lower temperatures. The liquidlike to solidlike transition was present at almost the same temperature for different conditions of confinement, chain size, and number of arms. The behavior of the systems for separations between the walls greater than five bead diameters was similar to the behavior in the unconfined case. Hence, no considerable effect of confinement was found above this separation.     

Elastic behavior of comb-like polymer chains

<正>Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations of comb-like polymer chains with various backbone lengths N_b,arm lengths N_a and arm densities m are carried out to study the elastic behavior of comb-like polymer chains.The radius of gyration,the shape factors and bond length in different cases during elastic process are calculated,and it is found that the comb-like polymer molecules with longer backbone or shorter arm are more close to linear chains.But the arm density m affects the chain conformation non-monotonously.Some thermodynamic properties are also studied.Average Helmholtz free energy and elastic force f all increase with elongation ratioλfor all chains.     

星型高分子共混体系的相平衡、相分离和相界面的 统计力学理论

在平均场近似下求得了星型高分子共混体系的混合自由能及其相分离动力学方程。本文的理论结果表明,型高分子共混体系与线型高分子共混体系相比具有更快的相分离速度。而且,因其相界面张力较低,体系较易形成更多的相界面,浓度涨落的临界波矢也更大。除此之外,由于在相同分子量的条件下星型高分子的尺寸要小,因此其相界面更窄,当星型高分子的臂数为1或2时,所有结果均合理地还原到熟知的线型高分子共混体系的结果。因此,本文的结果具有更大的普遍性。     

Properties of simple models of polymer networks. A Monte Carlo simulation

A model polymer network was constructed from branched chains. Each chain was built on a simple cubic lattice forming a star-branched polymer consisting of f = 3 arms of equal lengths. The fragment of network under consideration consisted of 1, 2 and 3 star polymers with different topology of connections. The only potential used was excluded volume (athermal chains). The properties of the network were determined by the means of computer simulations using the classical Metropolis sampling algorithm (local micromodifications of chain conformation). The behaviour of linear chains of the same molecular weight was also studied as a state of reference. The influence of attaching the next star-branched chain to the network on its static and dynamic properties was studied. The short-time dynamic behaviour of chain fragments was determined and discussed.     

建筑用梳形共聚物分散剂溶液行为的光散射研究

采用激光光散射研究了一种主链为聚丙烯酸侧链为聚乙二醇的梳形共聚物分散剂的一些溶液行为.从静态光散射得出了较为合理的表观重均分子量、均方旋转半径等参数.动态光散射给出了流体力学半径分布及其角度和浓度依赖性.结合静态和动态光散射,上述梳形共聚物分散剂在溶液中的构象也得到初步的表征.通过与描述梳形聚合物的Gay-Raphae模型进行比较表明,这类梳形共聚物溶液在低盐离子和低pH值条件下存在聚集行为,形成以PAA主链为核PEG为壳层的类胶束聚集.     

Influence of molecular topology on the static and dynamic properties of single polymer chain in solution

The influence of molecular topology on the structural and dynamic properties of polymer chain in solution with ring structure, three-arm branched structure, and linear structure are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. At the same degree of polymerization (N), the ring-shaped chain possesses the smallest size and largest diffusion coefficient. With increasing N, the difference of the radii of gyration between the three types of polymer chains increases, whereas the difference of the diffusion coefficients among them decreases. However, the influence of the molecular topology on the static and the dynamic scaling exponents is small. The static scaling exponents decrease slightly, and the dynamic scaling exponents increase slightly, when the topology of the polymer chain is changed from linear to ring-shaped or three-arm branched architecture. The dynamics of these three types of polymer chain in solution is Zimm-like according to the dynamic scaling exponents and the dynamic structure factors.     

Computer Simulation of Adsorbed Polymer Chains with a Different Molecular Architecture

Simulations of simple models of polymer chains were carried out by the means of the dynamic Monte Carlo method. The model chains were confined to a simple cubic lattice. Three different chain architectures were studied: linear, star‐branched and ring chains. The polymer model chain interacted with an impenetrable surface with a simple contact attractive potential. It was found that size parameters of all these polymers obey scaling laws. The temperatures of the transitions from weakly to strongly adsorbed chain were determined. It was shown for weakly adsorbed chains that ring polymers are always ca. 50% more adsorbed than linear and star‐branched ones. The properties of adsorbed linear and star‐branched polymers are very similar in the length of chain and the strength of adsorption studied. Strongly adsorbed ring polymers are still more adsorbed but differences between all kinds of chains become less pronounced.     

Impact of molecular size of SMA-g-MPEG comb-like polymer on the dispersion of CaCO3 suspensions

Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-g-methoxypolyethylene glycols comb-like polymer was employed as the dispersant of CaCO₃ suspensions in this paper. The comb-like polymer had much better dispersability than traditional linear polyelectrolyte. By changing the length of side chains to alter the molecular size, the dispersion of CaCO₃ suspensions was greatly influenced. The absolute value of zeta potential and the adsorption density decreased with increasing the length of side chains, while the rheological and dispersion properties had a best value when using polymers with moderate length of side chain. Calculations were performed based on the scaling law and Flory theory. It was known from the calculations that by increasing the length of side chains, the molecular size and the steric repulsion were both increased. But due to the worse activity of adsorption, the comb-like polymers with longer side chains had lower adsorption amount. The dispersability was due to the cooperation of steric repulsion and adsorption, which resulted that comb-like polymers with moderate length of side chain presented the best dispersability in actual application.     

Motion of star‐branched chains in polymer networks: a Monte Carlo study

A simple model of branched polymers in confined space is developed. Star‐branched polymer molecules are built on a simple cubic lattice with excluded volume and no attractive interactions (good solvent conditions). A single star molecule is trapped in a network of linear polymer chains of restricted mobility. The simulations are carried out using the classical Metropolis algorithm. Static and dynamic properties of the star‐branched polymer are determined using various networks. The dependence of the longest relaxation time and the self‐diffusion coefficient on chain length and network properties are discussed and the proper scaling laws formulated. The possible mechanism of motion is discussed. The differences between the motion of star‐branched polymers in such a network are compared with the cases of a dense matrix of linear chains and regular rod‐like obstacles.