HPLC–AFS联用测定海产品中砷的形态

建立了高效液相色谱–原子荧光分光光度法测定海产品中无机砷(As V,AsⅢ)、有机砷(DMA,MMA,AsB)含量的方法。样品经含10%(体积分数)HCl的提取液振荡提取、离心分离、二路形态分析预处理、高效液相色谱分离,用原子荧光光度计检测As(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,As(V);四路条件(过氧化氢氧化和开启紫外灯)形态分析预处理装置处理,高效液相色谱分离,原子荧光光度计测定AsB。As(Ⅲ)线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 7;DMA线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 3;MMA线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 0;As(V)线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 1;AsB线性范围为0～200.00μg/L,r2=0.999 4。3个样品加标回收率为As(Ⅲ)86.7%～89.4%,DMA 111.2%～117.0%,MMA 109.7%～111.6%,As(V)83.8%～90.7%,AsB 88.3%～90.4%。用该方法测定虾仁(干)5个价态测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.07%～9.93%(n=6)。5个价态的检出限(S/N=2)为As(Ⅲ)0.29μg/L,DMA 0.36μg/L,MMA 0.27μg/L,As(V)0.56μg/L,AsB 1.46μg/L。该方法适用于海产品中As(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,As(V),AsB含量的测定。     

HPLC-AFS联用测定海产品中砷的形态

建立了高效液相色谱-原子荧光分光光度法测定海产品中无机砷(As V,AsⅢ)、有机砷(DMA,MMA,AsB)含量的方法.样品经含10％(体积分数)HC1的提取液振荡提取、离心分离、二路形态分析预处理、高效液相色谱分离,用原子荧光光度计检测As(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,As(v);四路条件(过氧化氢氧化和开启紫外灯)形态分析预处理装置处理,高效液相色谱分离,原子荧光光度计测定AsB.As(Ⅲ)线性范围为0～100.00 μg/L,r2=0.9997;DMA线性范围为0～100.00 μg/L,r2=0.9993;MMA线性范围为0～100.00 μg/L,r2=0.9990;As(Ⅴ)线性范围为0～100.00 μg/L,r2=0.999 1;AsB线性范围为0～200.00 μg/L,,r2=0.9994.3个样品加标回收率为As(Ⅲ)86.7％～89.4％,DMA 111.2％～117.0％,MMA 109.7％～111.6％,As(Ⅴ) 83.8％～90.7％,AsB 88.3％～90.4％.用该方法测定虾仁(干)5个价态测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.07％～9.93％(n=6).5个价态的检出限(S/N=2)为As(Ⅲ)0.29 μg/L,DMA 0.36 μg/L,MMA 0.27 μg/L,As(V) 0.56 μg/L,AsB l.46 μg/L.该方法适用于海产品中As(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,As(V),AsB含量的测定.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱法分析雄黄在大鼠脏器中代谢的砷形态

采用HPLC-ICP-MS联用技术建立了大鼠脏器中AsB,As?,MMA,DMA和As?等砷形态的分析方法。采用超声水浴提取对样品进行前处理,Dionex IonPac AS19阴离子交换柱,20 mmol/L(NH4)2CO3(pH 9.7)为流动相,对雄黄染毒后大鼠肝肾中的砷形态进行分析。实验表明,方法不受40Ar35Cl+干扰,常见的5种砷形态化合物的线性范围为1~300μg/L,相关系数(R2)均大于0.999,检出限为0.3~0.5(μg/L),RSD均小于5%,加标回收率为83.8%~111.7%。通过对肝肾的形态分析,表明经雄黄染毒后大鼠肝脏中的砷形态主要为DMA、As?和未知物2;肾脏中的砷形态主要为DMA、MMA、As?、未知物1、未知物2和未知物3。综合表明,此方法适用于雄黄代谢后的主要砷形态分析。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定食用菌中的砷形态

采用稀硝酸提取-配有氢气发生器装置的液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(LC-AFS)分析测定食用菌中砷形态,在未开紫外消解的情况下,以Hamilton PRPX-100为色谱柱,磷酸氢二铵为流动相,梯度洗脱进行食用菌中的砷形态分析。亚砷酸根As（III）、一甲基砷酸（MMA）、二甲基砷酸（DMA）、砷酸根As（V）的检出限分别为 0.2、0.2、0.1、0.25（ug/L）,在1～100 μg/L范围内,线性相关系数均在0.999以上,三个浓度水平的加标回收率在80%～120%之间,不同浓度水平的RSD均小于5%。结果表明所建方法操作简便,灵敏度高,准确性好,适用于食用菌中常见的四种砷形态的分析,尤其提高了无机砷测定的灵敏度,为食品安全提供有力支持。     

超声辅助酶水解-高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱测定贝壳类海产品中砷形态

应用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱(HPLC-HG-AFS)联用技术,建立了贝壳类海产品中一甲基砷(MMA)、二甲基砷(DMA)、As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)、砷甜菜碱(AsB)5种砷形态的分析方法。优化了温度、酶与样品的质量比、pH值及时间对砷化合物提取的影响。结果表明,超声辅助酶水解提取砷形态的最优条件为:pH值4.5,温度35℃,酶质量100mg(与样品的质量之比为0.4),时间5min。在最佳实验条件下,MMA、DMA、As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)、AsB 5种砷形态的检出限分别为3.34、3.30、1.47、3.51、2.36μg/L,线性相关系数均大于0.9990,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.04%~2.20%,样品加标回收率为89.6%~107.1%。该方法能够快速、准确地检测贝壳类海产品中上述5种砷形态。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术测定水产类膳食中5种砷形态的方法研究

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术建立了三价砷As(Ⅲ)、砷甜菜碱(AsB)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)、一甲基砷酸(MMA)、五价砷As(Ⅴ)5种砷形态的分析方法。采用超声溶剂提取法对水产类膳食样品和带鱼等水产品进行前处理后,对砷形态进行分析。实验表明,5种砷化合物的线性范围为2.5~500μg/L,相关系数(r)均大于0.999 0,检出限为0.6~0.9μg/L,RSD均小于5%。采用加标回收考察方法的准确性,加标回收率为87%~124%。样品的测定结果显示,水产品及水产类膳食中砷形态的主要存在形式为砷甜菜碱。     

利用LC-AFS与ICP-OES测定污泥中砷形态及总砷含量

应用液相色谱和原子荧光联用(LC-AFS)技术以及在线紫外消解技术分析了污泥中三价砷(As(Ⅲ))、一甲基砷(MMA)、二甲基砷(DMA)、五价砷(As(Ⅴ))和砷甜菜碱(AsB) 5种砷形态含量,并利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定了总砷(T-As)含量。通过对液相色谱分离、柱后衍生条件的优化,确定流动相为15 mmol/L (NH_4)_2HPO_4,pH 6. 0,载流5%(体积分数) HCl,还原剂为含5 g/L NaOH的10 g/L KBH_4溶液,5种砷形态可在10 min内得到分离、测定。结果表明,总砷含量与各形态砷总和接近,相对标准偏差(RSD)在5%之内; As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、MMA、DMA、AsB的检出限(以As计)分别为0. 3、2. 1、1. 4、1. 1、0. 7μg/L,总砷的检出限为0. 8μg/L,且在线性范围内各砷形态和总砷标准曲线的相关系数均大于0. 999。该方法前处理便捷,结果准确、重复性好,可为环境污泥中砷形态分析提供技术基础。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析尿中6种砷形态

采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（HPLC-ICP-MS）分析人尿中砷甜菜碱（AsB）、二甲基砷（DMA）、砷胆碱（AsC）、亚砷酸盐（As（Ⅲ））、一甲基砷（MMA）、砷酸盐（As(V)）6种砷形态。样品经水稀释后，采用Dionex IonPac As7阴离子交换色谱柱为分析柱，20 mmol/L碳酸铵（2%甲醇）和100 mmol/L碳酸铵（含2%甲醇）为流动相，梯度洗脱，HPLC-ICP-MS分析砷形态。6种砷形态在0～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数（r）均大于0.999，检出限为0.05～0.15μg/L，不同浓度水平砷形态的相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5.0%。3种不同浓度水平的加标回收率为91.8%～108%，有证标准物质“冷冻人尿中砷形态”（NIST SRM 3669）中5种砷形态的测定结果在标准值范围内。实验结果表明，该方法准确可靠、灵敏度高、分析时间短，适用于人尿中砷形态的分析测定。同时研究了食用不同含砷食物后尿中砷形态的种类，结果显示不同的含砷食品，其砷在人体内的代谢转化不同。     

微波酸提取/液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定动物源性中药中6种砷形态

建立了微波酸提取/液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(LC-ICP-MS)测定动物源性中药中6种砷形态(亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(V),一甲基砷MMA,二甲基砷DMA,砷甜菜碱As B和砷胆碱As C)的分析方法。采用1%HNO_3溶液在80℃微波提取10 min,经离心分层,过固相萃取SEP C18柱和0.45μm滤膜,以25 mmol/L NH_4H_2PO_4溶液(p H 6.7)-乙醇(99∶1,体积比)为流动相进行等度洗脱,各砷形态在10 min内实现基线分离。结果显示,6种砷形态在1.0~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 5~0.999 7,方法检出限(LOD)为0.24~1.0μg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.96%~2.0%。将方法应用于地龙、水蛭、海螵蛸、桑螵蛸、石决明和鸡内金中6种砷形态的测定,加标回收率为94.2%~103.8%,提取效率为95.5%~102.8%,优于热提取法。方法快速、准确、重现性好,适用于动物源性中药及类似样品中的砷元素形态分析及质量监控。     

高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法检测紫菜中的砷形态

测定了4种中国紫菜样品的总砷含量并且分析了紫菜中的砷形态。紫菜经电热消解、ICP-AES测定,总砷含量为14.0～42.1 mg/kg。以高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HPLC-(UV)-HG-AFS)测定紫菜中的5种砷形态。紫菜样品都检测出了DMA(0.196～0.668 mg/kg),但没有检测出As(III),As(V),MMA和AsB,紫菜砷的形态主要是砷糖。     

Total arsenic determination and speciation in infant food products by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Health risk associated with dietary arsenic intake may be different for infants and adults. Seafood is the main contributor to arsenic intake for adults while terrestrial-based food is the primary source for infants. Processed infant food products such as rice-based cereals, mixed rice/formula cereals, milk-based infant formula, applesauce and puree of peaches, pears, carrots, sweet potatoes, green beans, and squash were evaluated for total and speciated arsenic content. Arsenic concentrations found in rice-based cereals (63-320 ng/g dry weight) were similar to those reported for raw rice. Results for the analysis of powdered infant formula by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) indicated a narrow and low arsenic concentration range (12 to 17 ng/g). Arsenic content in puree infant food products, including rice cereals, fruits, and vegetables, varies from <1 to 24 ng/g wet weight. Sample treatment with trifluoroacetic acid at 100 degrees C were an efficient and mild method for extraction of arsenic species present in different food matrixes as compared to alternative methods that included sonication and accelerated solvent extraction. Extraction recoveries from 94 to 128% were obtained when the summation of species was compared to total arsenic. The ion chromatography (IC)-ICP-MS method selected for arsenic speciation allowed for the quantitative determination of inorganic arsenic [As(III) + As(V)], dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and methylarsonic acid (MMA). Inorganic arsenic and DMA are the main species found in rice-based and mixed rice/formula cereals, although traces of MMA were also detected. Inorganic arsenic was present in freeze-dried sweet potatoes, carrots, green beans, and peaches. MMA and DMA were not detected in these samples. Arsenic species in squash, pears, and applesauce were not detected above the method detection limit [5 ng/g dry weight for As(III), MMA, and DMA and 10 ng/g dry weight for As(V)].     

Speciation of arsenic in natural waters by HPLC-NAA

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) in combination with mainly high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for the determination of low levels of five arsenic species, namely As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and arsenobetaine (AsB) in water samples. Organically bound arsenic (OBAs) and total arsenic have also been determined. In addition to anion-exchange HPLC, solid phase extraction and open-column cation-exchange chromatographic methods have also been used. The detection limits of the method have been found to be 0.005 ng·cm⁻³ for OBAs, 0.02 ng·cm⁻³ for AsB, DMA, MMA, As(III), and As(V) and 0.12 ng·cm⁻³ for total arsenic. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

毛细管电泳-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定藻类中6种不同形态的砷化合物

建立了一种利用毛细管电泳与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(CE-ICP-MS)分析检测6种不同形态砷化合物的方法。详细研究了缓冲溶液的种类、pH值和浓度,分离电压以及进样时间等因素对6种砷化合物的分离度、灵敏度和重现性等的影响。结果表明,在最佳条件下,三价砷(As3+)、一甲基砷(MMA)、二甲基砷(DMA)、五价砷(As5+)、砷胆碱(AsC)和砷甜菜碱(AsB)6种化合物在25 min内得到完全分离。6次平行测定中,6种砷化合物峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)为3%～5%,检出限(以As计)(3倍信噪比)为0.08～0.12 μg/L。应用该方法成功地对海带中6种砷化合物进行了分析,回收率为90%～103%。该方法具有耗时短、灵敏度高、样品消耗量少、稳定性好等优点,可用于藻类样品中不同形态砷化合物的分析。     

Simultaneous separation and determination of six arsenic species in rice by anion‐exchange chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The simultaneous separation and determination of arsenite As(III), arsenate As(V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), arsenobetaine (AsB), and arsenocholine (AsC) in rice samples have been carried out in one single anion‐exchange column run by high‐performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. To estimate the effect of variables on arsenic (As) speciation, the chromatographic conditions including type of competing anion, ionic strength, pH of elution buffer, and flow rate of mobile phase have been investigated by a univariate approach. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, baseline separation of six As species has been achieved within 10 min by gradient elution program using 4 mM NH₄HCO₃ at pH 8.6 as mobile phase A and 4 mM NH₄HCO₃, 40 mM NH₄NO₃ at pH 8.6 as mobile phase B. The method detection limits for As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA, AsB, and AsC were 0.4, 0.9, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.3 μg/kg, respectively. The proposed method has been applied to separation and quantification of As species in real rice samples collected from Hunan Province, China. The main As species detected in all samples were As(III), As(V) and DMA, with inorganic As accounting for over 80% of total As in these samples.     

On-line coupling of an ultraviolet titanium dioxide film reactor with a liquid chromatography/hydride generation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system for continuous determination of dynamic variation of hydride- and nonhydride-forming arsenic species in very small microdialysate samples

We describe a method for continuously monitoring both hydride- and nonhydride-forming arsenic species in 10-microL microdialysate samples by coupling together on-line high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a post-column UV/TiO2 film reactor, and hydride generation (HG) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). To maximize the signal intensities of the desired arsenic species, we optimized the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency of the analyte species and used a rapid on-line pre-reduction process to convert the oxidized species into As(III) prior to HG-ICP-MS determination. The UV/nano-TiO2 film reactor was manufactured by coating nano-TiO2 onto the interior of a glass tube. Impregnation and sol-gel methods were employed to deposit the TiO2 films, and their effectiveness for the oxidation of organic arsenicals was compared. To enhance the decomposition efficiency of organic arsenicals, we investigated the effects of the acidity and the composition of the column effluent. Because of the improved HG efficiency toward the tested arsenicals and the adoption of a segmented flow technique to retain the peak resolution in our on-line LC-UV/nano-TiO2 film reactor-HG-ICP-MS instrument, the detection limits for arseneous acid [As(III)], monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), arsenic acid [As(V)], and arsenobetaine (AsB) were all in the submicrogram-per-liter range (based on 3 sigma) for 10-microL injections. A series of validation experiments--analyses of certified reference urine and rabbit serum samples--indicated that these methods can be applied satisfactorily to the continuous determination of As(III), MMA, DMA, As(V), and AsB in blood and in the extracellular space of target organs.     

Coupled high performance liquid chromatography-microwave digestion-hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry for inorganic and organic arsenic speciation in fish tissue

A high performance liquid chromatography-microwave digestion-hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HPLC-MW-HG-AAS) coupled method is described for As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), arsenobetaine (AsB) and arsenocholine (AsC) determination. A Hamilton PRP-X100 anion-exchange column is used for carrying out the arsenic species separation. As mobile phase 17 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) is used for As(III), As(V), MMA and DMA separation, and ultrapure water (pH 6.0) for AsB and AsC separation. Prior to injection into the HPLC system AsB and AsC are isolated from the other arsenic species using a Waters Accell Plus QMA cartridge. A microwave digestion with K(2)S(2)O(8) as oxidizing agent is used for enhancing the efficiency of conversion of AsB and AsC into arsenate. Detection limits achieved were between 0.3 and 1.1 ng for all species. The method was applied to arsenic speciation in fish samples.     

Arsenic speciation in Chinese brake fern by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy

Ion-pair reverse-phase HPLC-inductively coupled plasma (ICP) MS was employed to determine arsenite [As(III)], dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA), monomethyl arsenic (MMA) and arsenate [As(V)] in Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.). The separation was performed on a reverse-phase C18 column (Haisil 100) by using a mobile phase containing 10 mM hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as ion-pairing reagent, 20 mM ammonium phosphate buffer and 2% methanol at pH 6.0. The detection limits of arsenic species with HPLC-ICP-MS were 0.5, 0.4, 0.3 and 1.8 ppb of arsenic for As(III), DMA, MMA, and As(V), respectively. MMA has been shown for the first time to experimentally convert to DMA in the Chinese brake fern, indicating that Chinese brake fern can convert MMA to DMA by methylation.     

Application of fast ultrasound water-bath assisted enzymatic hydrolysis--high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry procedures for arsenic speciation in seafood materials

Enzymatic hydrolysis of seafood materials for isolating arsenic species (As(III), As(V), DMA and AsB) has been successfully performed by assisting the procedure with ultrasound energy (35 kHz) supplied by an ultrasound water-bath. The use of pepsin, as a proteolytic enzyme, under optimized operating conditions (pH 3.0, temperature 40 °C, enzyme to sample ratio of 0.3) led to an efficient assistance of the enzymatic process in a short period of time (from 4.0 to 30 min). The enzymatic extract was then subjected to a clean-up procedure based on ENVI-Carb™ solid phase extraction (SPE). An optimized anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) permitted the fast separation (less than 15 min) of six different arsenic species (arsenite, As(III); arsenate, As(V); dimethylarsinic acid, DMA; and arsenobetaine, AsB; as well as monomethylarsonic acid, MMA; and arsenocholine, AsC) in a single run. Relative standard deviations (n = 11) of the over-all procedure were 7% for AsB and DMA, 11% for As(III) and 9% for MMA. HPLC–ICP-MS determinations were performed using aqueous calibrations covering arsenic concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 25, 100 and 200 μg L⁻¹ (expressed as arsenic) for As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA and AsC; and 0, 125, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 2000 μg L⁻¹ (expressed as arsenic) for AsB. Germanium (5 μg L⁻¹) was used as an internal standard. Analytical recoveries from the anion exchange column varied from 96 to 105% (enzymatic digests spiked with low target concentrations), from 97 to 104% (enzymatic digests spiked with intermediate target concentrations), and from 98 to 103% (enzymatic digests spiked with high target concentrations). The developed method was successfully applied to two certified reference materials (CRMs), DORM-2 and BCR 627, which offer certified AsB and DMA contents, and also to different seafood samples (mollusks, white fish and cold water fish). Good agreement between certified and found AsB concentrations was achieved when analyzing both CRMs; and also, between certified and found DMA concentrations in BCR 627. In addition, the sum of the different arsenic species concentrations found in most of the analyzed samples was statistically similar to the assessed total arsenic concentrations after a total sample matrix decomposition treatment.     

高效色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析海藻类海产品中砷的形态

采用阴(Hamilton PRP-X100柱)阳(Dionex Ionpac CS-10柱)离子交换色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术,分别以pH 10.3的20 mmol/L NH4HCO3和pH 2.0的5 mmol/L吡啶溶液为流动相,建立了As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、一甲基砷酸(MMA)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)、砷甜菜碱AsB、砷糖PO4、砷糖OH、砷糖SO3、砷糖SO4砷形态的分析方法。采用微波消解法和超声溶剂提取法对不同海域10种紫菜和海带产品进行前处理,对As含量及其化学形态进行分析。实验表明,样品总砷的质量分数为1.7～38.7 mg/kg,样品萃取物中,As糖PO4和As糖OH为As的主要形态,其含量分别占可提取As的6.5%～67.7%和12.9%～86.2%,海带样品萃取物中还有As糖SO3和DMA被检测,其含量分别占可提取As的13.0%～52.1%和5.9%～17.4%。在紫菜和海带海藻类产品中,含As的化合物主要是毒性较低的有机砷。