小区域科技实力及其评估体系

科技实力是运作主体能够进行并完成科技活动的能力。科技实力是一个评估性概念，它反映了科学技术的创新，发展，转移，推广，储备条件以及管理，效果等不同层面的综合性的特征，科技实力由科技潜在能力（科技势能），科技显现能力（科技动能）构成，它包含了对科技资源及分布状态，科技资源保障能力，科技创新能力，科技开发能力，科技转移能力和科技活动运作能力的综合描述。     

安徽省各地市企业科技开发情况分析

本文应用主成份分析法和聚类方法，对安徽省各地市企业科技开发状况进行了分析。通过定量分析表明，安徽省各地区科技开发水平差距较大，其现状应引起有关部门的重视。     

高校技术开发的必由之路——实行总体营销

高校科技开发还不适应市场需要。作认为根子在管理体制。建议采取总体市场营销的管理体制，全校开发工作共同面向市场。并提出了实施建议。     

复杂系统可靠性评定软件的开发

1.概述随着科学技术的发展,评定一个复杂系统的可靠性已成为生产方和使用方所共同关注的问题。对复杂系统的可靠性评定,需要运用统计方法对大量的试验数据和实际使用数据进行统计分析,由于数据量大、数学模型复杂给计算工作带来困难,往往耗费许多人力和时间。为此,从87年我们在IBM-PC/XT计算机上开发了“复杂系统可靠性评定”软件,以适应不同系     

冷备系统可靠性评定的统计方法

贮备是提高系统可靠性可行且有效的途径.关于冷备系统的可靠性评定问题,前人仅在设备均为指数型部件的情况给出了WCF方法.文中对实际中常用的指数-威布尔混合型冷备系统,提出了两种可靠性评定方法:WCF方法和Fiducial方法,并在中小样本下对两种方法进行了模拟研究,说明了这两种方法的实用性.     

奖学金的评定与模型优选数学模型

本运用模型数学思想，按照相对隶属度原则，通过制定各门课程之间的权重系数，建立了一种新的奖学金评定的模糊优选数学模型，该模型解决了按总成绩排名评定法中所存在的一些问题，使评定的结果更具科学性与合理性，同时模型可推广到其它评比当中。     

新产品设计前端的筛选与评价系统研究

本着重于新产品设计前端的筛选与评价系统研究。设计了若干准则，有社会环境准则、经济成本准则、技术准则、时间准则、价值准则等，对新产品构思进行筛选。运用模糊理论，确定隶属度函数，得到评价矩阵，最终得到综合评价；运用加权评分法，确定评判的各影响因素及其各自所占的权重，给每种构思进行评分，根据最后总得分的多少来评定构思的优劣。最后，阐述了评价系统在设计过程中的重要作用，评价系统贯穿于整个设计过程中。     

多元分析在评定最佳读者群中的应用

本文运用聚类分析，主成份分析等多元统计方法，从不同角度进行了最佳读者群的评定，使最终得到的评定结果更具有说服力．     

生产系统的能力最优配置

本文分析了计算机集成制造系统中生产系统的能力最优配置与管理控制策路之间的关系．针对生产加工系统与加工组装系统的不同特点．本文深入探讨了在Ｐｕｓｈ（推）策略或以Ｐｕｓｈ为主导的推／拉混合控制策略下，生产系统各工作站能力最优配置与能力平衡之间关系。     

合理评定三好学生成绩的方法

钱晓莉．合理评定三好学生成绩的方法，数理统计与管理，１９９７，１６（１），２３～２５．本文分析了总平均法在三好学生成绩评定中存在的问题，利用正态分布理论，采用标准总分法对评选方法进行了改进，并给出了一定条件下的评比标准     

Urban Elementary STEM Initiative

The new standards for K–12 science education suggest that student learning should be more integrated and should focus on crosscutting concepts and core ideas from the areas of physical science, life science, Earth/space science, and engineering/technology. This paper describes large‐scale, urban elementary‐focused science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) collaboration between a large urban school district, various STEM‐focused community stakeholders, and a research‐focused private university. The collaboration includes the development of an integrated STEM curriculum for grade K–5 with accompanying teacher professional development. This mixed‐methodology study describes findings from focus group interviews and a survey of teachers from Title I elementary schools. Findings suggest the importance of the following critical features of professional development: (a) coherence, (b) content focus, (c) active learning, (d) collective participation, and (e) duration to the success of large‐scale STEM urban elementary school reform     

A look at the past and present of optimization – An editorial

This special issue of the European Journal of Operational Research is devoted to the EURO XXIV Conference, that was held at the facilities of the University of Lisbon (Portugal) from July 11 to July 14, 2010. With over 700 sessions for a total of approximately 2350 presentations, and with 2700 participants (delegates and accompanying persons) coming from 69 countries, this was the largest EURO conference ever.     

Development of elementary teachers' science,technology, engineering,arts, and mathematics planning practices

The purpose of this instrumental case study was to understand elementary teachers' planning of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) curriculum during a two-year professional development experience. This research was guided by the following question: What planning practices developed or changed during a professional development experience? Analysis of 25 teachers' planning documents indicated growth in the following areas: (a) tighter alignment to fewer standards, (b) more meaningful integration and broader definitions of arts and technology, and (c) increased use of formative assessment but persistent difficulties in summatively assessing the multiple disciplines of STEAM. The growth in teachers' STEAM instruction from the beginning to the end of this two-year professional development was important in building our understanding of what constitutes sound design of STEAM inquiries.     

Improving the accuracy of expert predictions of the future success of new internet services

One of the challenging issues in new product development is the evaluation of the future success of new product initiatives and the elimination of those with unpromising futures. The difficulty of assessing the future success of a new offering is more highlighted for new services than is for new products because of the unique characteristics of services. Earlier studies suggested that a number of factors can affect the quality of evaluating the future success of new products or services. Building on previous studies, this paper offers the first empirical tests of the roles of two important factors (task structuring and expertise sharing) in improving the quality of expert predictions of the future success of new Internet services. It presents an empirical study based on a longitudinal survey that involves both the initial predictions and the actual results for two Internet services to test related hypotheses. The results showed that these factors can significantly improve the predictive accuracy of experts in evaluating new Internet services. More importantly, the results also indicated a significant substitution effect between the factors, suggesting that either of these factors is sufficient to make major improvements in the accuracy of the evaluations. Because the factors can largely substitute for each other; however, using both can lead to only minor improvements over and above using just one.     

基于两阶段灰色聚类模型的新疆经济社会发展水平评价研究

通过两阶段灰色聚类模型选择影响经济社会发展水平,基础设施建设,相关产业发展水平以及区域经济基础四个一级指标的10个二级指标来构建区域经济社会发展水平评价指标体系,以2013年新疆14地州市相关数据为样本,运用基于改进的中心点混合三角白化权函数把新疆各地州市从经济社会发展的角度划分成4个区域,为"新丝绸之路经济带"下新疆各地州的经济与社会发展定位提供依据最后找出属于三、四级经济圈内地区经济与社会发展落后的原因并提出相关建议.     

Engineering process as a focus: STEM professional development with elementary STEM‐focused professional development schools

Young children are capable of engaging in STEM investigations when they are guided by skilled and knowledgeable teachers. However, many elementary teachers may lack sufficient STEM content knowledge and report feeling unprepared to teach STEM content. Two university faculty members in mathematics and science education, worked to cultivate and advance two designated Elementary STEM‐Focused professional development schools through a two year series of an after‐school STEM professional development (PD) Program. As the STEM PD Program progressed, it became evident that teachers were interested in and needed more experiences with the elements of the engineering process for young learners. With this in mind, several of the PD sessions were designed to highlight the engineering process and allow teachers to experience various activities that would engage young learners. To examine how this focus on the engineering process impacted the teachers in this STEM PD Program, a research study was organized during year two of the STEM PD Program. The results of this study provide evidence that this program had a positive influence on the teacher participants’ engineering teacher efficacy and implementation of engineering lessons and activities within their classrooms.     

Influence of mentoring and professional communities on the professional development of a cohort of early career secondary mathematics and science teachers

A challenge for public schools is to successfully support and professionally develop early career teachers (ECTs) and thereby prepare them for long and successful careers in education. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to describe how the professional practices of early career science and mathematics teachers, some of whom are career changers, were influenced by their interactions with mentors and professional communities. Topics examined included the contextual elements that influenced the ECTs’ interactions with mentors and professional communities, how teachers positioned themselves within multiple professional communities, and how they perceived these experiences had influenced the development of their teaching practice. An extensive semi-structured interview of the ECTs generated data that were analyzed to identify emergent themes and patterns. The findings of this study indicated that navigating professional communities and interacting with mentors had influenced the ECTs’ decisions to adopt important components of a learner-centered approach to teaching that included engaging students in active learning processes, utilizing formative assessment, and responding to students' individual needs. These findings have implications for school policies and approaches related to supporting and professionally developing unique cohorts of ECTs.     

A Differential R&D Game: Implications for Knowledge-Based Growth Models

This paper compares the outcomes of strategic and nonstrategic research and development (R&D). Firms undertake cost-reducing R&D in an environment where benefits accrue from their rivals' R&D via a common pool of knowledge. We demonstrate that multiple suboptimal equilibria exist; under these conditions, growth models which do not consider strategic interactions will overestimate or underestimate the growth rate.     

《纯粹数学与应用数学》的历史演进

对学术期刊《纯粹数学与应用数学》的创刊历史和发展进行了分析研究.采用了考证、调阅文献和档案资料的方法.其目的是了解该刊的诞生过程与发展,记住数学前辈们对创立数学期刊以及对数学事业的无私奉献,为数学的发展与研究提供资料,以培养更多的数学人才,更好地发扬光大数学事业.     

Using a multi-criteria decision aid methodology to implement sustainable development principles within an organization

The implementation of Sustainable Development (SD) within an Organization is a difficult task. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to deal with conflicting and incommensurable aspects such as environmental, economic and social dimensions. In this paper we have used a Multi-Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA) methodology to cope with these difficulties. MCDA methodology offers the opportunity to avoid monetary valuation of the different dimensions of the SD. These dimensions are not substitutable for one another and all have a role to play. There is an abundance of possible aggregation procedures in MCDA methodology. In this paper we have proposed an innovative method to choose a suitable aggregation procedure for SD problems. Real life case studies of the implementation of an outranking approach (i.e., ELECTRE) and of a mono-criterion synthesis approach (i.e., MAUT approaches based on the Choquet integral) were done to respectively rank 22 SD strategic actions within an expertise Institute and rank 20 practical operational actions to control energy consumption of the Institute’s buildings.