Some people and places important in the history of analytical chemistry in Italy

The people and places of importance to the history of chemistry in Italy have been reviewed with particular reference to Analytical Chemistry. Correspondence: D. Thorburn Burns, The Science Library, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5EQ, Northern Ireland     

铁元素分析方法的进展

从测定原理、分析方法应用等方面对铁的测定方法如分光光度法、原子吸收法、络合滴定法、氧化还原滴定法、ICP-AES法、ICP-MS法、电化学法、化学发光法、重量法、荧光熄灭法的研究进展进行了综述,阐述了这些方法在矿物、药物、食品、化工产品等铁含量测定的应用.     

Distinguished People and Places Important in the History of Portuguese Analytical Chemistry

The people and places of importance in the history of chemistry in Portugal have been reviewed with particular reference to analytical chemistry.     

Analytical chemistry in Belgium: an historical overview

The people, places and political influences of importance in the history of chemistry in Belgium have been reviewed with particular reference to analytical chemistry. Correspondence: D. Thorburn Burns, The Science Library, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland, UK     

Is good laboratory practice necessarily good analytical practice? Is GLP necessarily GAP?

According to the chemical legislation in force in most of the industrialized nations to protect man and the environment from the harmful effects of hazardous substances and preparations, a product must be subjected to a large number of mandatory tests before it may be marketed, to demonstrate that it shows no adverse effects on man or the environment when properly handled. To ensure that the results of tests are comparable and above all verifiable, the OECD has drawn up a set of guidelines for Good Laboratory Practice, GLP, on the request of the FDA and EPA authorities in the USA. The application of these guidelines is now mandatory for all the tests specified by the chemical legislation, also for analytical methods. These methods not only apply to the stipulated determination of physical and chemical parameters they also apply to toxicological and ecotoxicological tests. Comprehensive documentation of all stages of these tests from preparatory work to reporting is designed to make the results verifiable. Agreement with the principles of GLP means that the procedures used in a test have been documented in such a manner as to be verifiable. However, does compliance with GLP necessarily guarantee accurate analytical values and thus correct test results? Is GLP necessarily also Good Analytical Practice, GAP? In the following the authors try to provide the answer.     

Tetravalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Adhesion Lectin LecA Inhibitor for Enhanced Biofilm Inhibition

A potent divalent ligand of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion lectin LecA was elaborated into a tetravalent version. A polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer was introduced to link two divalent galactosides. Each of the two divalent ligands contained a rigid spacer with a central phenyl group that is bridged by the PEG moiety. The resulting tetravalent ligand was found to bind LecA in the nanomolar range involving all of its sugar (sub)ligands. Analytical ultracentrifugation studies clearly showed that the tetravalent ligand was capable of aggregation the LecA tetramers in contrast to the divalent ligands. The aggregator behavior was found to be of importance in P. aeruginosa biofilm formation inhibition. Despite the weaker affinity it was a considerably better biofilm inhibitor with half inhibitory values around the 28 micromolar range.     

Development of a single-run liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for the detection of 11 multiclass contaminants of emerging concern using a direct filtration method

In toxicological analysis, the analytical validation method is important to assess the exact risk of contaminants of emerging concern in the environment. Syringe filters are mainly used to remove impurities from sample solutions. However, the loss of analyte to the syringe filter could be considerable, causing an underestimate of the analyte concentrations. The current study develops and validates simultaneous liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis using a direct filtration method to detect four groups of contaminants of emerging concern. The adsorption of the analyte onto three different matrices and six types of syringe filters is reported. The lowest adsorption of analytes was observed in methanol (16.72%), followed by deionized water (48.19%) and filtered surface lake water (48.94%). Irrespective of the type of the matrices, the lowest average adsorption by the syringe filter was observed in the 0.45 μm polypropylene membrane (15.15%), followed by the 0.20 μm polypropylene membrane (16.10%), the 0.20 μm regenerated cellulose (16.15%), the 0.20 μm polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (47.38%), the 0.45 μm nylon membrane (64.87%) and the 0.20 μm nylon membrane (71.30%). In conclusion, the recommended syringe filter membranes for contaminants of emerging concern analysis are polypropylene membranes and regenerated cellulose, regardless of the matrix used.     

大型分析仪器几例故障分析及维修

介绍了实验室几种大型分析仪器：X荧光光谱仪、ICP直读光谱仪、原子吸收光谱仪、原子荧光光度计的几例故障分析及维修。     

分析数据建模与预测

提出了分析数据建模与预测的方法。首先以单纯形优化获取关系数据矩阵,构成响应与因素间的数学模型,进而通过卡尔曼滤波估计模型各参数,实现对未知因素响应的有效预测,最后给出响应随因素变化的响应曲线。应用于两个实际体系,获得满意结果。     

绿色分析化学技术进展

绿色分析化学技术是国际分析化学的前沿,受到广泛关注.绿色分析化学是把绿色化学的原理使用在新的分析方法和技术方面.目前的研究主要集中在环境友好的样品前处理技术(如微波消解、微波萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、超临界流体萃取等)和绿色分析测试技术(如X射线荧光分析法、近红外技术、毛细管电泳、顶空气相色谱等).文章对上述内容进行了综述.     

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Sampling and Analytical Chemistry Guide: Doe Methods for Evaluating Environmental and Waste Management Samples

Abstract

DOE Methods for Evaluating Environmental and Waste Management Samples (DOE Methods) is a guidance/methods document to support sampling and analysis activities at DOE sites. DOE Methods is intended to supplement existing guidance documents (e.g., EPA's Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, SW-846), which generally apply to low-level or nonradioactive samples. DOE Methods targets the complexities of DOE radioactive mixed waste and environmental samples. The document contains quality assurance (QA), quality control (QC), safety, sampling, organic analysis, inorganic analysis, and radioanalytical guidance as well as sampling and analytical methods. An addendum is distributed every six months (April and October) with updated guidance and additional methods.

DOE Methods provides a vehicle for technology transfer within the environmental restoration (ER) and waste management (WM) (collectively known as EM) community. As DOE Methods evolves, its usefulness and applicability are anticipated to grow to meet the demands of the DOE/EM mission. At the present time, DOE Methods contains methods and guidance information supplied by DOE sites. Because the EM activities in DOE are not unique to the United States, the international environmental community could benefit from the information gathered for the DOE program. This information could provide additional resources for their EM activities.     

Simultaneous Identification of Spectral Properties and Sizes of Multiple Particles in Solution with Subnanometer Resolution

We report an unsurpassed solution characterization technique based on analytical ultracentrifugation, which demonstrates exceptional potential for resolving particle sizes in solution with sub‐nm resolution. We achieve this improvement in resolution by simultaneously measuring UV/Vis spectra while hydrodynamically separating individual components in the mixture. By equipping an analytical ultracentrifuge with a novel multi‐wavelength detector, we are adding a new spectral discovery dimension to traditional hydrodynamic characterization, and amplify the information obtained by orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the power of this technique by characterizing unpurified CdTe nanoparticle samples, avoiding tedious and often impossible purification and fractionation of nanoparticles into apparently monodisperse fractions. With this approach, we have for the first time identified the pure spectral properties and band‐gap positions of discrete species present in the CdTe mixture.