层柱状微孔材料吸附存储天然气的Monte Carlo模拟

采用巨正则系综MonteCarlo方法模拟了天然气中主要成分甲烷在层柱状微孔材料中T=300K下的吸附存储,在模拟中层柱状微孔采用Yi等人建立的柱子均匀分布在两炭孔墙之间的模型来表征。甲烷分子采用Lennard-Jones球型分子模型,炭孔墙采用Steele的10-4-3模型,对孔宽为1.36nm的层柱微孔,模拟了四个不同孔率的层柱材料吸附甲烷的情形。得到了孔中流体的局部密度分布以及吸附等温线,对比不同孔率下甲烷的吸附量,得到了此情形吸附甲烷的较佳孔率为0.94。     

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation for determination of optimum parameters for adsorption of supercritical methane in pillared layered pores

A grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method is carried out to determine optimum adsorptive storage pressures of supercritical methane in pillared layered pores. In the simulation, the pillared layered pore is modeled by a uniform distribution of pillars between two solid walls. Methane is described as a spherical Lennard-Jones molecule, and Steele's 10-4-3 potential is used for representing the interaction between the fluid and a layered wall. The site-site interaction is also used for calculating the interaction energy between methane molecules and pillars. An effective potential model that reflects the characteristics of a real pillared layered material is proposed here. In the model, a binary interaction parameter, k(fw), is introduced into the combining rule for the cross-energy parameter for the interaction between the fluid and a layered wall. Based on the experimental results for the Zr-pillared material synthesized and characterized by Boksh, Kikkinides, and Yang, the binary interaction parameter, k(fw), is determined by fitting the simulation results to the experimental adsorption data of nitrogen at 77 K. Then, by taking it as a model of pillared layered material, a series of GCMC simulations have been carried out. The excess adsorption isotherms of methane in a pillared layered pore with three different pore widths and porosities are obtained at three supercritical temperatures T=207.3, 237.0, and 266.6 K. Based on the simulation results at different porosities, various pore widths and different supercritical temperatures, the pillared layered pore with porosity psi=0.94 and pore width hsigma(p)=1.02 nm is recommended as adsorption storage material of supercritical methane. Moreover, the optimum adsorption pressure is determined at a given temperature and a fixed width of the pillared layered pore. For example, at temperature T=207.3 K, the optimum adsorption pressures are 3.1, 3.7, and 4.5 M Pa at H=1.02, 1.70, and 2.38 nm, respectively. In summary, the GCMC method is a useful tool for optimizing adsorption storage of supercritical methane in pillared layered material.     

超临界甲烷在氯化锆层柱纳米材料中吸附的分子模拟

用巨正则MonteCarlo(GCMC)方法模拟了甲烷在氯化锆层柱材料中的吸附。模拟中,氯化锆层柱材料模型化为柱子均匀分布在层板间的层柱孔,非极性分子甲烷采用Lennard-Jones分子模型,层板墙采用Steele的10-4-3模型,流体分子与柱子的相互作用采用点-点(sitetosite)的方法计算。在高度理想化模型的基础上,引入交互作用参数kfw,建立了有效势能模型。通过实验数据确定交互作用参数kfw,从而使该模型能有效地表征流体与层板墙的相互作用。根据77K温度下氮气的实验吸附数据,确定了流体和层板墙间的交互相作用参数。然后用这个有效的参数kfw=0.65模拟了三个超临界温度下氯化锆层柱材料中甲烷的吸附情形,得到了它位的吸附等温线,局部密度分布以有流体分子在层柱微孔中的瞬时构象,并分析了温度对材料吸附性能的影响。结果表明GCMC方法是预测材料吸附性能的一种强有力的工具。     

超临界甲烷在纳米材料中最适吸附压力的确定

用巨正则Monte Carlo (GCMC)方法模拟了超临界甲烷在层柱纳米材料中的吸附.模拟中,层柱纳米材料采用了柱子均匀分布在层板间的模型, 非极性分子甲烷采用Lennard Jones分子模型, 层板墙采用Steele的10 4 3模型, 流体分子与柱子的相互作用采用点 点 (site to site) 的方法计算.得到了甲烷的随着压力先增大后减小的超额吸附等温线.在T=207.3 K时,1.02、1.70和2.38 nm孔宽对应的最适操作压力 (即对应于最大吸附量时的操作压力) 分别为2.4、3.1和3.7 MPa.然而,在T=237.0 K时,1.02、1.70和2.38 nm孔宽对应的最适操作压力分别为2.9、3.6和4.9 MPa,分别比T=207.3 K时相同孔宽下对应的最适操作压力至少高0.5 MPa. 模拟结果表明, GCMC方法是研究材料吸附性能的一种强有力的工具.     

烷烃混合物在Cu-BTC中的吸附与分离

用巨正则系综Monte Carlo (GCMC)和构型导向Monte Carlo (CBMC)相结合的方法模拟了298 K下甲烷-乙烷-丙烷体系以及正丁烷-异丁烷体系在1,3,5-苯三甲酸铜(II) (Cu-BTC)中的吸附行为. 结果表明, Cu-BTC对丙烷以及异丁烷的吸附分离都有较好的选择性. 通过我们发展的“材料剖面成像”方法研究了烷烃混合物在Cu-BTC中不同压力下的吸附位点, 从而进一步分析了烷烃混合物在Cu-BTC中的分离性能. 结果发现, 在吸附过程中主要存在着两种效应, 即能量效应和尺寸效应的竞争. 在甲烷-乙烷-丙烷体系中, 较高压力下, 由于尺寸效应的影响, 丙烷主要吸附在主孔道中, 而对甲烷和乙烷组分, 能量效应占主导地位, 从而导致乙烷主要吸附在四面体孔内, 甲烷则主要吸附在三角形孔窗外. 在正丁烷-异丁烷体系中, 能量效应起主导作用, 从而使异丁烷主要吸附在四面体孔内, 而正丁烷主要吸附在主孔道中.     

层柱粘土吸附甲烷的模拟和参数优化研究

用巨正则系综Monte Carlo方法(GCMC)来模拟ZrO₂柱撑粘土对天然气主要成分甲烷的吸附. 为了更好地反映甲烷与层柱粘土无机层板的相互作用, 对墙势模型中的尺寸参数σ_fw和能量参数ε_fw取值进行了优化. 我们系统地改变甲烷在蒙脱土晶体结构中的位置, 建立起一系列甲烷与层板相互作用的Lennard-Jones势能曲线, 通过最小二乘法拟合这些Lennard-Jones势能曲线得到一系列的σ_fw和ε_fw值, 利用拟合得到的σ_fw和ε_fw算术平均值作为墙势模型中两个交互作用参数的取值进行分子模拟, 模拟结果与文献实验值符合较好. 在此基础上, 进一步模拟了3种不同孔率, 层间距为0.64 nm的ZrO₂柱撑粘土(ZPC)在245 K下对临界态甲烷的吸附, 发现 3～4 MPa是ZPC材料吸附甲烷较适合的压力范围, 而且孔率大的ZPC有利于甲烷的吸附.     

Monte Carlo simulation for the adsorption and separation of linear and branched alkanes in IRMOF-1

The adsorption and separation of linear and branched alkanes in the isoreticular metal-organic framework IRMOF-1 have been investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. For pure linear alkanes (C1-nC5), the limiting adsorption properties exhibit linear behavior with the alkane carbon number; the long alkane is preferentially adsorbed over the short alkane at low fugacities, whereas the reverse is found at high fugacities. For pure branched alkanes (C5 isomers), the linear isomer adsorbs more than its branched analogue. The adsorbed amounts of pure alkanes in IRMOF-1 are substantially greater than in a carbon nanotube bundle and in silicalite. For a five-component mixture of C1 to nC5 linear alkanes, the long alkane adsorption first increases and then decreases with increasing fugacity, whereas short alkane adsorption continually increases and progressively replaces the long alkane at high fugacity due to the size entropy effect. For a three-component mixture of C5 isomers, the adsorption of each isomer increases with increasing fugacity until saturation, though there is less adsorption of the branched isomer due to the configurational entropy effect. The adsorption selectivity among the alkanes in IRMOF-1 is smaller than in a carbon nanotube bundle and in silicalite.     

Understanding adsorption and interactions of alkane isomer mixtures in isoreticular metal-organic frameworks

Novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) may lead to advances in adsorption and catalysis owing to their superior properties compared to traditional nanoporous materials. A combination of the grand canonical Monte Carlo method and configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the adsorption isotherms of C4-C6 alkane isomer mixtures in IRMOF-1 and IRMOF-6. The amounts of adsorbed linear and branched alkanes increase with increasing pressure, and the amount of branched alkanes is larger than that of the linear ones. The locations of the alkane isomer reveal that the Zn4O clusters of the IRMOFs are the preferential adsorption sites for the adsorbate molecules. The interaction energy between the Zn4O cluster and the adsorbate is larger than that between the organic linker and the adsorbate. It was further confirmed that the Zn4O cluster plays a much more important role in adsorption by pushing a probe molecule into the pore at positions closer to the Zn4O cluster. It is difficult for branched alkane molecules to approach the Zn4O cluster of IRMOF-6 closely owing to strong spatial hindrance. In addition, the adsorption selectivity is discussed from the viewpoints of thermodynamics and kinetics, and the diffusion behavior of n-butane and 2-methylpropane were investigated to illustrate the relationship between diffusion and adsorption.     

Alkane/Alcohol mixed monolayers at the solid/liquid interface

In this work, we present the behavior of solid monolayers of binary mixtures of alkanes and alcohols adsorbed on the surface of graphite from their liquid mixtures. We demonstrate that solid monolayers form for all the combinations investigated here. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to identify the surface phase behavior of these mixtures, and elastic neutron incoherent scattering has been used to determine the composition of the mixed monolayers inferred by the calorimetry. The mixing behavior of the alcohol/alkane monolayer mixtures is compared quantitatively with alkane/alkane and alcohol/alcohol mixtures using a regular solution approach to model the incomplete mixing in the solid monolayer with preferential adsorption determining the surface composition. This analysis indicates the preferential adsorption of alcohols over alkanes of comparable alkyl chain length and even preferential adsorption of shorter alcohols over longer alkanes, which contrasts strongly with mixtures of alkane/alkane and alcohol/alcohol of different alkyl chain lengths where the longer homologue is always found to preferentially adsorb over the shorter. The alcohol/alkane mixtures are all found to phase separate to a significant extent in the adsorbed layer mixtures even when molecules are of a similar size. Again, this contrasts strongly with alkane/alkane and alcohol/alcohol mixtures where, although phase separation is found for molecules of significantly different size, good mixing is found for similar size species.     

The adsorption and localization of mixtures of C4-C7 alkane isomers in zeolites by computer simulation

Grand canonical Monte Carlo and configurational-bias Monte Carlo techniques were employed to simulate the adsorption of binary mixtures of C(4)-C(7) alkane isomers in ISV and MOR zeolites at 300 K, and the results were compared to that in MFI. Unlike in MFI, the amount of adsorption of the linear and branched alkanes all increases with pressure increasing in ISV and MOR for 0.5-0.5 gas-phase mixtures. The location of alkane isomers is astatic, and it does not exhibit obvious orientation in ISV and MOR. The interaction energy of 2-methylpropane-zeolite is obviously higher than that of n-butane-zeolite in MFI. As to ISV and MOR, the interaction energy between 2-methylpropane and zeolite is a little lower than that between n-butane and zeolite. It can be found that the zeolite MFI behaves quite differently in adsorption from ISV and MOR.     

Understanding the Unusual Adsorption Behavior in Hierarchical Zeolite Nanosheets

Hierarchical zeolites are advanced materials possessing the catalytic and adsorption properties of conventional zeolites while eliminating their transport limitations through the introduction of mesopores. Recent experiments comparing the adsorption in hierarchical self‐pillared pentasils (SPP) and silicalite‐1 (MFI) revealed an interesting crossover in sorbate loading for branched or long‐chain alkanes but not for shorter linear alkanes, but an explanation for this behavior is not readily available through experimental probes due to the complications arising from the presence of multiple adsorption sites. Here we present a molecular simulation study on the adsorption of alkane isomers and show that a multi‐step mechanism, found here for all molecules, is responsible for the observed phenomena.     

短链烷烃二元混合物在分子筛上吸附分离的分子模拟

用巨正则是系综Monte Carlo(GCMC)与构型偏倚(CBMC)相结合的方法模拟了 MFI分子筛对甲烷-丙烷、乙烷-丙烷体系(300K，345kPa)的吸附平衡，模拟结果与 文献实验结果相吻合，分别模拟了FER，ISV，MEL，MFI，MOR，TON等六种分子筛对 甲烷－丙烷、乙烷－丙烷体系（300K，345kPa）的吸附，得出甲烷－丙烷体系中分 子筛对较长链烷烃的选择性大小顺序（气相乙烷摩尔分数为0.5时）为ISV＞MEI＞ MEL＞FER＞TON＞MOR,对乙烷－丙烷体系选择性大小顺序（气相乙烷摩尔分数为0. 5时）为ISV＞MOR＞MFI＞FER＞MEL＞TON. MOR型分子筛对两个不同体系的吸附行为 表现出明显的不同，两个体中ISV的吸附量均最大，MFI，MEL，FER次之，此三种分 子筛具有相拟的吸附量，MOR和TON型分子筛吸附量较低。     

Excess thermodynamics of mixtures involving xenon and light linear alkanes by computer simulation

Excess molar enthalpies and excess molar volumes as a function of composition for liquid mixtures of xenon + ethane (at 161.40 K), xenon + propane (at 161.40 K) and xenon + n-butane (at 182.34 K) have been obtained by Monte Carlo computer simulations and compared with available experimental data. Simulation conditions were chosen to closely match those of the corresponding experimental results. The TraPPE-UA force field was selected among other force fields to model all the alkanes studied, whereas the one-center Lennard-Jones potential from Bohn et al. was used for xenon. The calculated H(m)(E) and V(m)(E) for all systems are negative, increasing in magnitude as the alkane chain length increases. The results for these systems were compared with experimental data and with other theoretical calculations using the SAFT approach. An excellent agreement between simulation and experimental results was found for xenon + ethane system, whereas for the remaining two systems, some deviations that become progressively more significant as the alkane chain length increases were observed.     

Monte Carlo simulation of n-alkane adsorption isotherms in carbon slit pores

The single component adsorption of alkanes in carbon slit pores was studied using configurational-biased grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Wide ranges of temperature, pressure, alkane chain length, and slit height were studied to evaluate their effects on adsorption. Adsorption isotherms and density and orientation profiles were calculated. The behavior of long alkanes at high temperatures was found to be similar to short alkanes at lower temperatures. This suggests that the isotherms may be related through the Polanyi potential theory.     

巨正则系综Monte Carlo模拟方法确定活性炭的微孔尺寸

根据299K下甲烷在活性炭中的吸附实验数据,通过调节狭缝微孔的孔宽参数,利用巨正则系综MonteCarlo(GCEMC)方法得到不同孔宽下流体的微观结构以及吸附等温线.比较并拟合模拟结果和实验数据,确定了活性炭微孔的平均孔宽,为下一步求解微孔尺寸分布以及为预测吸附剂在不同温度下吸附不同吸附质分子时的吸附性能提供了基础与指导.模拟中,甲烷分子采用单点Lennard-Jones球型分子模型,活性炭用狭缝孔来近似表征,流体分子与单个狭缝墙的相互作用采用著名的Steele的10－4-3势能模型.模拟表明,此方法为考察介孔材料的微孔分布以及微孔平均孔宽提供了新的思路.     

Observation of a one-dimensional adsorption site on carbon nanotubes: adsorption of alkanes of different molecular lengths

Three well-defined adsorption sites have been found on opened single-wall carbon nanotubes by temperature-programmed desorption measurements for several alkanes. A series of linear chain alkanes from pentane to nonane, as well as a branched alkane molecule, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, were used to elucidate the effect of molecular length on the capacity of the adsorption sites. The two highest-energy adsorption sites were assigned as the nanotube interior sites and groove sites on the outside of the nanotube bundles. Hybrid Monte Carlo simulations were performed to probe the molecular-level details of adsorption. Both in experiments and in the simulation, the groove sites were seen to behave as one-dimensional adsorption space, demonstrating an inverse dependence of capacity on the length of the adsorbed molecule. In contrast, the capacity of the internal sites was found to depend inversely on the volume occupied by the molecule.     

烷烃在丝光沸石型分子筛中吸附和扩散行为

采用巨正则系综蒙特卡罗(grand canonical Monte Carlo, GCMC)与分子动力学(molecular dynamics, MD)相结合的方法, 研究烷烃分子在丝光沸石(MOR)型分子筛中的吸附和扩散性质. 采用GCMC 方法研究温度为300 K、330 K时, MOR型分子筛中甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷的吸附. 研究表明, 随着压力的增加吸附量增加, 随温度的升高吸附量有所降低. 饱和吸附量从大到小依次为: 甲烷>乙烷>丙烷>丁烷. 由模拟所得到的单组分吸附等温线, 通过理想吸附溶液理论(IAST)计算二元混合物的吸附平衡相图, 模拟结果与计算结果一致. 采用分子动力学方法, 研究乙烷、丙烷在MOR分子筛上的扩散性质, 结果表明各个方向上的扩散系数不同, z方向上的扩散系数最大.     

Monte Carlo simulation of adsorption of binary and quaternary alkane isomers mixtures in zeolites: Effect of pore size and structure

Grand canonical Monte Carlo and configurational bias Monte Carlo techniques were employed to simulate the adsorption of binary mixtures of butane isomers and quaternary mixtures in nine zeolites at 300 K. For binary mixtures the results show there is a critical pore size, which is 10-membered-ring about 5.6 Å. The channel sizes of BEA, ISV, MOR and CFI are larger than this critical pore size, they prefer i-butane than n-butane, whereas TON with smaller channel size than critical pore size prefers n-butane than i-butane, but its selectivity decreases with pressure increasing. MFI, MEL and TER prefer i-butane than n-butane at low pressure, but with pressure increasing, the selectivity is reversed. BOG prefers i-butane than n-butane but the selectivity decreased with pressure increasing. It demonstrates that the adsorption and selectivity are controlled by both pore size and pore structure. The n-butane–i-butane–n-pentane–2-methylbutane quaternary mixtures adsorbed in these nine zeolites were studied, and the results show alkane chain length dependence at low pressure, but the adsorption is controlled by pore size and structure with pressure increasing in all the zeolites except for TON and BOG.     

Adsorption of gas-water binary systems in carbon micropores: Computer simulation

The adsorption of gas-water mixture in micropores of carbon materials at 298 K has been studied using computer simulation. Methane, nitrogen, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide were considered as gas components. In the grand canonical ensemble Monte-Carlo simulation of adsorption, the displacement of a gas component from a pore as a result of the formation of water microclusters was observed for all systems studied. Cluster growth conditions on graphite-like and activated surfaces differ significantly. The comparative stability of adsorbed gas-water mixtures has been determined for all gases.     

Phase behavior of binary symmetric mixtures in pillared slit-like pores: a density functional approach

Density functional approach is applied to study the phase behavior of symmetric binary Lennard-Jones(12,6) mixtures in pillared slit-like pores. Our focus is in the evaluation of the first-order phase transitions in adsorbed phases and lines delimiting mixed and demixed adsorbed phases. The scenario of phase changes is sensitive to the pore width, to the energy of fluid-solid interaction, the amount, and the length of the pillars. Quantitative trends and qualitative changes of the phase diagrams topology are examined depending on the values of these parameters. The presence of pillars provides additional excluded volume effects, besides the confinement due to the pore walls. The effects of attraction between fluid species and pillars counteract this additional confinement. We have observed that both the increasing surface pillar density and the augmenting strength of fluid-solid interactions can qualitatively change the phase diagrams topology for the model with sufficiently strong trends for demixing. If the length of pillars is sufficiently large comparing to the pore width at low temperatures, we observe additional phase transitions of the first and second order due to the symmetry breaking of the distribution of chain segments and fluid species with respect to the slit-like pore center. Re-entrant symmetry changes and additional critical points then are observed.