Basic and clinical evaluation of a new assay procedure "SCC RIABEAD" for estimation of squamous cell carcinoma related antigen

We examined the efficacy of a new commercial assay procedure (SCC RIABEAD) for estimation of squamous cell carcinoma related antigen (SCC). Intraassay and interassay variance were 4.0-14.6% and 4.6-17.0% respectively. Recovery and dilution tests gave satisfactory results. The normal range was under the level of 1.63 ng/ml. The patients with uterine cervical cancer or squamous cell carcinoma of the lung showed high positive rates. The values of SCC measured by SCC RIABEAD were well-correlated to those by SCC RIAKIT. However, SCC RIABEAD showed lower values in low SCC level and higher values in high SCC level than SCC RIAKIT.     

Imaging of Oral SCC Cells by Raman Micro-Spectroscopy Technique

We used Raman micro-spectroscopy technique to analyze the molecular changes associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells in the form of frozen tissue. Previously, Raman micro-spectroscopy technique on human tissue was mainly based on spectral analysis, but we worked on imaging of molecular structure. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of four components at the cell level (about 10 μm) to describe the changes in protein and molecular structures of protein belonging to malignant tissue. We analyzed ten oral SCC samples of five patients without special pretreatments of the use of formaldehyde. We obtained cell level images of the oral SCC cells at various components (peak at 935 cm⁻¹: proline and valine, 1004 cm⁻¹: phenylalanine, 1223 cm⁻¹: nucleic acids, and 1650 cm⁻¹: amide I). These mapping images of SCC cells showed the distribution of nucleic acids in the nuclear areas; meanwhile, proline and valine, phenylalanine, and amide I were detected in the cytoplasm areas of the SCC cells. Furthermore, the peak of amide I in the cancer area shifts to the higher wavenumber side, which indicates the α-helix component may decrease in its relative amounts of protein in the β-sheet or random coil conformation. Imaging of SCC cells with Raman micro-spectroscopy technique indicated that such a new observation of cancer cells is useful for analyzing the detailed distribution of various molecular conformation within SCC cells.     

Fe-Cr-Ni合金碱性SCC的电化学预测方法

应用动电位扫描研究了Fe_Cr_Ni合金 (80 0M)C形环在含硫代硫酸钠杂质的热浓碱溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂 (SCC)行为 .测量了 80 0M合金试片与C形环试样恒电位极化时的稳态溶解电流ist,据此绘制了简化模拟“稳态”恒电位极化曲线 ,并将该极化曲线的ist与低电位下的稳态钝化电流ip之比 (RPD=ist/ip)定义为极化溶解敏感指数 .发现 80 0M合金C形环发生碱性SCC的电位区 (E =- 30～ 4 0mV)处于慢扫阳极极化曲线的钝化区 ,并对应于快扫极化曲线的钝化_过钝化溶解转变区 ;在该敏感电位区 ,试片与C环形试样的ist位于简化的模拟稳态恒电位极化曲线的过钝化区 ,试片与C形环试样两者的极化溶解敏感指数值很接近 (分别为 2 .5 5～ 7.0 3和 2 .5 2～ 6 .0 0 ) .综合稳态溶解电流密度 ,极化溶解敏感指数等有关信息 ,提出了一种碱性SCC的电化学预测方法     

Electrophoretic characterization of heat-stable squamous cell carcinoma antigen.

The aim of this study was to investigate the heat stability of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, a tumor-associated serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin), in tumor tissue extract by electrophoretic methods. After heat treatment at 70 degrees C for 2 h, the tumor tissue extract showed a single main protein band of 45 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) which reacted with a monoclonal antibody specific for SCC antigen. The heat-stable SCC antigen was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) into four spots with pI 6.4-5.9 and Mr 44500-45 000 of SCC antigen-1. Furthermore, the SCC antigen-1 still showed its inhibitory activity against a cysteine proteinase, papain, by gelatin zymography. These results suggest that heat treatment of protein sample at 70 degrees C for 2 h may be a useful method for a partial purification of SCC antigen-1 which can inhibit lysosomal cysteine proteinases such as cathepsin L, S, and K.     

苯并三氮唑对18-8钢应力腐蚀开裂的缓蚀作用

利用慢应变速率技术（SSRT），并结合电化学极化曲线和阻抗实验方法研究了苯并三氮唑（BTA）添加剂对1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢在0．5mol·L－1HCl＋0．5mol·L－1NaCl溶液中应力腐蚀和均匀腐蚀的缓蚀作用．结果表明，这种添加剂的缓蚀作用主要是抑制腐蚀的阳极过程而产生的．     

Fundamental and clinical evaluation of an immunoradiometric assay procedure "Amerwell AFP" for estimation of serum alpha-fetoprotein

The efficacy of assay procedure for estimation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was examined on "Amerwell AFP" immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using monoclonal AFP antibody. The condition of incubation was most satisfactory for 2 hours at 37 degrees C. Coefficients of variance for intraassay and interassay were 5.1-10.0% and 8.4-9.9% respectively. Dilution test gave satisfactory results. The binding capacity of microplate-well tagged monoclonal AFP antibody with AFP antigen was satisfactory for assay reactions. This method showed a good correlation to the AFP RIA bead (Dinabot Co.) method. The normal range (reference value) was within the level of 5.0 IU/ml due to Hoffmann's method in the examination of 860 subjects. Estimation of AFP with "Amerwell AFP" IRMA kit was a feasible routine method of clinical application for tumor marker.     

Shell click-crosslinked (SCC) nanoparticles: a new methodology for synthesis and orthogonal functionalization

A new methodology for the preparation of well-defined core-shell nanoparticles was developed, based upon the employment of a multifunctional crosslinker to coincidently stabilize supramolecular polymer assemblies and imbed into the shell unique chemical functionalities. Amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(acrylic acid)(80)-b-poly(styrene)(90) that had been assembled into micelles and partially functionalized throughout the corona with alkynyl groups were utilized as Click-readied nanoscaffolds for the formation of shell Click-crosslinked nanoparticles (SCCs). Divergently grown dendrimers of the zero, first, second, and third generations having increasing numbers of azide terminating groups ((N(3))(2)-[G-0], (N(3))(4)-[G-1], (N(3))(8)-[G-2], and (N(3))(16)-[G-3], respectively) were investigated as crosslinkers via Click reactions with the alkynyl groups to form covalent linkages throughout the block copolymer micelle corona, thus forming a crosslinked shell. The crosslinking reactions were characterized by (1)H NMR and IR spectroscopies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Only the first generation dendrimer ((N(3))(4)-[G-1]) possessed a sufficient balance of polyvalency and water solubility to achieve crosslinking and establish a robust nanostructure. The resulting SCC was further characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and analytical ultracentrifugation (AU). The dendritic crosslinker is important as it also allows for the incorporation of excess functionality that can undergo complementary reactions. Within the shell of this SCC the remaining azide termini of the dendrimer crosslinker were then consumed in a secondary Click reaction with an alkynyl-functionalized fluorescein to yield a fluorescently labeled SCC that was characterized with DLS, AFM, TEM, AU, UV-vis, and fluorescent measurements as a function of pH.     

HBVDNA与抗HBcIgM在临床检测中的价值

采用地高辛标记探针以分子杂交的方法对８５１例血清进行ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的检测,采用ＥＬＩＳＡ的方法对相同标本检测了抗－ＨＢｃＩｇＭ、ＨＢＶ二对半、抗－ＨＡＶＩｇＭ、抗－ＨＣＶ及抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＭ,发现ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性检出率与ＨＢｅＡｇ出现相关,且ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性的标本中仍有１０．２５％（４９／４７８）ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性,说明仅以ＨＢｅＡｇ出现与否判定是否存在ＨＢＶ的复制是不可靠的。同时,还发现ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的出现与肝炎类型无关。抗－ＨＢｃＩｇＭ阳性率则与ＨＢｅＡｇ的出现无关,而与肝炎类型相关。     

Identification of squamous cell carcinoma antigen-2 in tumor tissue by two-dimensional electrophoresis

The aim of this study was to identify two homologous serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) molecules, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen-1 and -2, by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), combined with immunoblotting, and examine their expression in tumor tissue. The recombinant SCC (rSCC) antigen-1 showed four spots with p/ 6.5, 6.4, 6.3 and 6.0, whereas rSCC antigen-2 showed a more acidic spot with p/5.95. SCC antigen in tumor tissue appeared in three new acidic spots (p/5.7-5.5, M(r) 44 500), numbered 5, 6 and 7, besides the previously reported four spots numbered 1 to 4. These new acidic spots of SCC antigen apparently increased in SCC tissue. Treatment of tissue extract by carboxymethyl (CM)-papain agarose matrix extinguished spots 1 to 4 encoded on the SCCA1 gene, but not 5 to 7 on the SCCA2 gene. Overexpression of the SCCA2 gene may play an important role in the malignant behavior of tumor cells.     

Detection of SCC of 304 NG stainless steel in an acidic NaCl solution using electrochemical noise based on chaos and wavelet analysis

The stress corrosion crack (SCC) of 304 nuclear grade (NG) stainless steel (SS) in 0.5 mol/L NaCl+1.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ was monitored using electrochemical noise (EN) based on chaos theory, statistics and wavelet analysis. The results indicated that the SCC process was divided into three stages according to the transient features in the EN. In the beginning, compared with the sample without applied stress, the enhanced fluctuation amplitude in the electrochemical current noise (ECN) of the stressed samples was attributed to stress-enhanced pitting corrosion and uniform corrosion; then the fluctuations of ECN for all the samples decreased due to a coverage by the corrosion products; however, the ECN fluctuations of stressed sample were larger than the unstressed sample, suggesting that the stress enhanced the SCC initiation and propagation. Chaos analysis revealed that the correlation dimensions increase from 2.1 to 2.5 during the corrosion process, and the applied stress seems increase the complexity and uncertainty of the ECN signal.     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of stress corrosion crack (SCC) growth of polyethylene pipes

Degradation of polymers is usually manifested in a reduction of molecular weight, increase of crystallinity in semicrystalline polymers, increase of material density, a subtle increase in yield strength, and a dramatic reduction in toughness. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) results from strongly coupled thermo-mechano-chemical processes, and is sensitive to material composition and morphology. The individual crack propagation stage is critical in determining the lifetime of pipe. Based on author's previous works, crack layer (CL) theory model is adopted in this study to describe the individual stress corrosion (SC) crack propagation kinetics and the time interval from crack initiation to instability and break through. The effect of localized chemical degradation at the crack tip on SC crack growth kinetics is addressed. Typical SC crack growth is presented and discussed as a step-wise manner based on the proposed model. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of failed samples obtained by accelerated SCC tests are applied to validate the proposed model. SEM is useful to identify the change of fracture mechanisms from chemically driven crack to mechanically driven crack by the formation of visible striations. FTIR analysis enables tracking of the accumulation of chemical degradation by detecting the amount of carbonyls on the crack surface. Carbonyl index is defined to compare the amount of chemical degradation quantitatively. The purpose of this paper is to continue to develop the technical theory and understanding behind SCC phenomena to facilitate all polymer pipe industries and in particular the polyethylene pipe industry to design better resins and piping systems.     

Electrophoretic analysis of the cleaved form of serpin,squamous cell carcinoma antigen-1 in normal and malignant squamous epithelial tissues

The aim of this study was to detect the cleaved form of serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen-1 in normal and malignant squamous epithelial tissues, which implies the presence of its target proteinase. The cleaved SCC antigen-1 in normal squamous epithelium was identified as a single spot with pI 6.35 and M(r) 40,000 by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with immunoblotting. Interestingly, the cleaved form showed different biochemical properties in heat stability or immunoreactivity with a monoclonal antibody for SCC antigen (Mab 426) compared to intact SCC antigen-1. Furthermore, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of tissue extracts showed an abundant 40 kDa band of cleaved SCC antigen-1 in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. Among the potential target proteinase of SCC antigen-1, immunoblotting analyses revealed that cathepsin L2 was remarkably overexpressed in tumor tissue, while cathepsin L was expressed in both normal and tumor tissues. These findings indicate that SCC antigen-1 interacts with specific endogenous proteinases such as cathepsins L and L2 in physiological and pathological states of squamous epithelium.     

An investigation into the human serum "interactome"

The protein content of human serum is composed of a millieu of proteins from almost every type of cell and tissue within the body. The serum proteome has been shown to contain information that directly reflects pathophysiological states and represents an invaluable source of diagnostic information for a variety of different diseases. Unfortunately, the dynamic range of protein abundance, ranging from > mg/mL level to < pg/mL level, renders complete characterization of this proteome nearly impossible with current analytical methods. To study low-abundance proteins, which have potential value for clinical diagnosis, the high-abundant species, such as immunoglobulins and albumin, are generally eliminated as the first step in many analytical protocols. This step, however, is hypothesized to concomitantly remove proteins/peptides associated with the high-abundant proteins targeted for depletion. In this study, immunoprecipitation was combined with microcapillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography (microRPLC) coupled on-line with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to investigate the low-molecular-weight proteins/peptides that associate with the most abundant species in serum. By this targeted isolation of select highly abundant serum proteins, the associated proteins/peptides can be enriched and effectively identified by microRPLC-MS/MS. Among the 210 proteins identified, 73% and 67% were not found in previous studies of the low-molecular-weight or whole-serum proteome, respectively.     

Clinical evaluation of serum neuron-specific enolase levels in patients with lung cancer

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were studied in 105 patients with malignant neoplasms (lung cancer 38, others 67), 13 patients with various benign diseases and 7 healthy adults. The mean serum NSE level in adult control subjects was 7.4 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, and cut off level was decided 10 ng/ml. Serum NSE levels were elevated in 14/38 (37%) of patients with lung cancer and in 14/67 (21%) of patients with the other malignant neoplasms. In patients with benign diseases, serum NSE level was elevated only in one patient with pituitary adenoma. In 7 patients with small cell lung cancer, the positive rate was higher (86%) than in those with non-small cell lung cancer (26%), and serum NSE levels were higher than 25 ng/ml except one case. There was no correlation between serum NSE and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) levels in patients with small cell lung cancer, also in patients with lung cancer. The measurement of serum NSE level seemed to be useful for diagnosis in patients with small cell lung cancer.     

化学发光酶联免疫分析检测血清中麻疹病毒抗体

化学发光酶联免疫分析检测血清中麻疹病毒抗体章竹君，邹克渭，程明洁（陕西师范大学分析科学研究所，西安，７１００６２）（陕西省卫生防疫站）关键词麻疹病毒抗体，化学发光，酶联免疫分析，辣根过氧化物酶目前在计划免疫工作中通常采用间接酶联免疫吸附分析法（ＥＬＩ...     

壳聚糖-O-聚(寡聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯)的原子转移自由基聚合与表征

基于原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-壳聚糖(CS)复合物(SCC)的位置选择性改性策略,合成了结构可控的壳聚糖-O-聚(寡聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(CS-POEGMA)刷状衍生物.通过在SCC的羟基上引入溴代异丁酸后脱除SDS得到大分子引发剂O-溴化壳聚糖(CS-Br).用红外光谱(FT-IR...     

压电免疫传感器用于乙肝表面抗原的测定

乙肝表面抗原 ( HBs Ag)的检测是临床诊断乙型肝炎的一项重要指标 .目前常用酶联免疫法和放射免疫法检测 [1] ,但酶本身性质不稳定且价格昂贵、操作繁琐 ;而放射免疫法存在放射性废物难处理的局限性 .压电免疫传感器具有装置简单、价格便宜、灵敏度高、实时快速和无需标记等优点 ,广泛应用于环境监测、药物分析及微生物检测等多个领域 [2～ 4 ] .本文应用自组装单分子膜技术 ,在压电石英晶体表面形成致密有序的半胱胺单分子膜 ,通过戊二醛共价交联 ,将乙肝表面抗原单克隆抗体分子固定于晶体电极表面 ,研制成 HBs Ag压电免疫传感器 ,用于…     

Purification and determination of human prostate specific antigen in the serum

A human prostate specific antigen (PA) has been purified from an extract of prostatic tissue obtained during operation for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The antigen, which can be demonstrated a single component by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), has an apparent molecular weight of about 34,000 and has lower mobility for the positive pole than prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). Double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) for PA in serum was developed with the antiserum raised in rabbit against partially purified PA. In normal serum of 30 controls the concentration were studied by the RIA. The normal upper limit of the serum PA levels in assay was set at 2.5 ng/ml. Elevated levels were observed in serum from 19 out of 21 untreated patients with prostatic carcinoma and 9 out of 23 patients with BPH, but latter less than 10 ng/ml. The results indicate that the PA is a potentially useful marker as well as PAP for prostatic cancer.     

Effect of falciparum malaria infection on blood cholesterol and platelets

The current study is a hospital based investigation, in which attempts were being made to establish the effect of falciparum malarial infection on cholesterol level and platelet counts. The level of parasitaemia and its correlation with cholesterol level and platelet count in malaria patients was investigated. Two hundred clinically diagnosed malaria patients and 200 age matched healthy blood donors were included in the current study. In each case, blood sample was analyzed for serum cholesterol level and platelet count to establish a correlation between such parameters with paraesitemia. Based on the results obtained, it was evident that there was a highly significant reduction in the serum cholesterol level and the platelet count in malaria patients having high levels of parasitaemia. The low levels of cholesterol and platelets in malaria patients provided basis for the possible use of such clinical data in the diagnosis of malaria in the absence of a positive blood film.     

Metallurgical factors in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC)

Nonmetallic inclusions can affect resistance of steels to both general and localized corrosion, including pitting corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). Because stress corrosion cracks frequently initiate at pits, and pits nucleate at sulfides, the presence of sulfides is likely to affect the SCC process. Nonmetallic inclusions increase susceptibility of steel to HIC, which occurs by the formation of internal hydrogen blisters or blister-like cracks at internal delaminations or at nonmetallic inclusions in low strength materials. HIC occurs when H atoms diffusing through a linepipe steel become trapped and form H₂ molecules at inhomogeneities in the steel. A planar, gas-filled defect is created, which grows parallel to the pipe surface as it continues to trap more diffusing H atoms. If the defect grows sufficiently large, it may develop into a blister. HIC failure occurs if a mechanism exists for linkage of defects or blisters with the internal and external surfaces. The H atom source is normally the cathodic reaction of an acid corrosion mechanism occurring at the internal linepipe surface, i.e., the reduction of hydrogen ions, H⁺: Dedicated to the 85th birthday of John OM. Bockris.