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通过对套铣筒这种特殊结构钻柱的分析,在现有钻柱力学模型研究的基础上,针对 套铣筒结构特点(大筒径、薄壁筒型钻柱),建立套铣筒与井壁接触力学模型,通过分析套铣 管柱在井下屈曲状态以及与井壁接触压力的计算,对套铣筒进行力学分析以及摩阻力计算.     

油水井取套过程中套铣筒摩擦阻力分析计算

通过对套铣筒这种特殊结构钻柱的分析,在现有钻柱力学模型研究的基础上,针对套铣筒结构特点(大筒径、薄壁筒型钻柱),建立套铣筒与井壁接触力学模型,通过分析套铣管柱在井下屈曲状态以及与井壁接触压力的计算,对套铣筒进行力学分析以及摩阻力计算.     

绳索取心满眼管柱的力学模型优化与应用

为了解决常规绳索取心钻具结构防斜能力低、钻孔轨迹控制差的问题，本文基于经典管柱力学的纵横弯曲连续梁理论，优化了孔底钻具的力学模型：将取心钻头与下扩孔器间视为钻头整体，而不作为第一跨；将稳定器间距小于切点跨距的管柱视为刚体。在此基础上提出了提高钻具防斜和钻孔轨迹控制的管柱结构模型，并通过钻探施工验证得出，管柱结构模型的理论防斜效果和实际钻孔轨迹变化情况相吻合，这为提高绳索取心钻孔质量提供了有效的理论指导。     

钻柱卡点预测实验

卡点预测是处理卡钻事故的关键。利用管柱扭转变形的特性,设计了无钻杆接头的单一管柱和有钻杆接头的组合管柱,并分别建立了卡点预测计算公式。利用管柱力学实验平台、四分量传感器、数据无线传输系统、HP数据采集系统和相关数据处理软件,对两种管柱进行了扭转实验。本次实验结果为:对于单一管柱,相对误差为-1.88%;对于组合管柱,当不考虑钻柱接头的影响时,相对误差为-3.8%,考虑钻柱接头的影响时,相对误差为-1.02%。实验结果表明:扭转法可用于直井中钻柱卡点预测,钻杆接头和钻柱加厚部分对卡点计算的影响较大,用带有修正系数的计算公式预测精度较高。     

油气井杆管柱动力学基本方程

本文通过对油气井杆管柱进行力学和运动分析，建立了用于对油气井杆管柱进行各种力学分析的几何方程、运动平衡方程和本构方程。     

指向式导向工具主轴偏置力与造斜性能研究

为研究钻压传递机构安装位置对指向式导向工具主轴偏置力与造斜性能的影响规律，基于横向弯曲梁和纵横弯曲梁力学模型建立了考虑轴向载荷的主轴力学模型，运用微分方程通解对管柱力学进行求解的管柱单元组合方法，推导出主轴的几何方程和力学方程，分析了钻压传递机构安装位置对导向工具偏置力、钻头侧向力与钻头倾角等造斜性能参数的影响。结果表明，钻压传递机构安装位置距离钻头越远，工具主轴造斜所需的偏置力越小，而钻头侧向力与钻头倾角越大。     

旋转导向系统底部钻具组合力学计算新方法

底部钻具组合(Bottom Hole Assembly, BHA)的力学计算是进行旋转导向系统钻具组合设计和井眼轨迹控制的基础．本文在纵横弯曲法、加权余量法和有限元法的基础上,提出了一种基于管柱单元组合的BHA力学求解方法．该方法以保持微分方程特解相同的条件作为管柱单元划分依据,对底部钻具组合进行单元划分;将管柱单元的挠曲线通解替代传统加权余量法的试函数,结合单元节点类型和组合关系,构建出包含边界条件和通解系数的线性方程组．对于边界条件未知问题,以支点反力符号条件为约束条件,以挠曲线越界程度、切点处弯矩平衡条件为目标函数,建立了以边界条件未知量为变量的多目标优化数学模型．应用多目标优化算法求解出边界变量,进而得出通解系数;最后,得出管柱单元内各点位移和载荷．以推靠式旋转导向系统BHA力学计算为案例,对比本文方法与加权余量法的计算结果,发现两者计算结果相差较小,表明本文方法可用于旋转导向系统底部钻具组合的力学计算．     

水平圆管中受压扭作用管桩屈曲后的解析解

首先建立了考虑自重、受水平圆管约束的管柱在压担组合作用下的屈曲方程：此方程为四阶强非线性常微分方程，难以直接精确求解；通过管柱的正弦屈由分析，找到了方程中的小参数；利用小参数摄动法求解了强非线性屈曲方程，得到了管柱螺旋屈曲后的实际屈曲构形解析解，由此可进一步得到管柱发生螺旋屈曲的临界载荷；所得解析结果与数值计算结果及本文结果退化后与文献中的相关结果比较都有良好的一致性．     

深水钻井隔水管与井口耦合作用力学仿真分析

深水钻井时由于海底情况复杂,井口系统的稳定性可能受到诸多因素的影响。本文结合实际工况,综合考虑浪流载荷和地基反力等因素,建立了深水钻井系统力学理论模型,并分析了张紧力和平台偏移量对隔水管和地层组合管柱力学行为的影响规律。分析结果表明:上部载荷对地层管柱作用都集中在管柱的上部较短区域,作用能力有限;增加张紧力可以减小隔水管的横向位移和截面弯矩,有利于隔水管的稳定,但是会增加地层组合管柱的横向位移和弯矩,增加井口装置倾覆的风险;过大的平台偏移量会导致全段管柱较大的横向位移和截面弯矩,使得管柱被破坏的可能性大幅度增加。所以在钻井作业时,有必要控制平台偏移量,取用合适的张紧力,保证作业安全。     

水平圆管中受压扭作用管桩屈曲后的解析解

首先建立了考虑自重、受水平圆管约束的管柱在压担组合作用下的屈曲方程：此方程为四阶强非线性常微分方程,难以直接精确求解;通过管柱的正弦屈由分析,找到了方程中的小参数;利用小参数摄动法求解了强非线性屈曲方程,得到了管柱螺旋屈曲后的实际屈曲构形解析解,由此可进一步得到管柱发生螺旋屈曲的临界载荷;所得解析结果与数值计算结果及本文结果退化后与文献中的相关结果比较都有良好的一致性．     

具有内核伸出段的套管构件在线接触阶段的受力性能研究

针对具有内核伸出段的轴压套管构件,建立了线接触阶段的力学模型;利用小挠度理论推导出了内核和套筒的剪力、弯矩、挠度、分布接触力、集中接触力等物理量的计算公式。通过与无内核伸出段套管构件的对比算例验证了本文相关物理量推导的正确性,分析了内核与套管在不同刚度比下相关物理量的变化情况。结果表明:由于内核伸出段的影响,点接触会提前向线接触变化,使套管构件的轴向承载力显著下降,端部的接触反力及内核的剪力、弯矩有显著的增加。对具有内核伸出段的套管构件进行了力学性能分析,结果表明:内核与套筒的间隙对线接触长度没有影响,内核的弯矩、剪力随着间隙的增加而增大;随着内核伸出段长度的增加,线接触长度及内核的弯矩、剪力增大。     

Modeling of Rock Permeability Damage and Repairing Dynamics Due to Invasion and Removal of Particulate from Drilling Fluids

The investigation discussed in this paper was motivated by the need for model which is able to simulate both permeability reduction of hydrocarbon formations due to the mud-component invasion during over-balance drilling, casing/cementing, workover operations, and dynamics of permeability repairing during well cleanup. The paper focuses on development and validation of model to describe internal mud cake (IMC) dynamics, placing special emphasis on dynamics of the IMC removing during well cleanup procedure. Set of laboratory experiments with clay slurry injection and subsequent brine water backflow in samples of Bentheimer sandstone is discussed. The specific of these experiments is that backflow was carried out with alternating rates (“multirate” backflow). It is shown that the conventional deep-bed filtration model is not able to reproduce the dynamics of multirate backflow. The stochastic model we suggest takes into account pore size distribution and describes the mobilization of trapped particles within individual groups of pores within a “pore ensemble.” We provide simulation results to show that the suggested model reasonably reproduces permeability dynamics during both clay slurry injection and brine water backflow stages.     

水平井套管悬重规律解析分析

对水平井下套过程中的套管悬重规律进行了理论研究，建立了套管拉力微分方程，并经过严密的数学推导得到了套管悬重的解析解，该解析解简便实用，可用于预测和计算水平井套管下入过程中的悬重规律。文中采用这些公式对长庆油田塞平－１水平井所用套管结构的悬重规律进行了理论计算，该材料结果与实测数据较吻合，验证了本文理论模型的合理性。     

准静态一维应变实验装置的设计与验证研究

准一维应变状态测试技术对混凝土等脆性材料的力学性能研究具有重要意义,而目前准一维应变实验装置设计单一、互换性较差,所以无法实现普及。针对上述情况,本文在套管围压装置的基础上进行叠加式设计与组合式分离设计,旨在建立一套结构简单、适用性广的准静态被动围压装置。基于数值模拟方法,本文对混凝土试样在一维应变状态与套管围压作用下的力学特性进行研究,从而分析混凝土试样在套管装置下能达到一维应变状态的程度;同时,对叠加式套管与整体式套管的性能进行比较,发现叠加式套管理论上能在准一维应变实验中很好地代替整体式套管。组合式分离设计的有效性最终通过相关实验得到验证。     

油水井水泥环在冲击载荷作用下的损伤分析

 冲击整形扩径工艺是修复油水井套管损坏的常用技术，根据冲击整形的施工工艺和波 动理论，建立了套损局部位置处水泥环的损伤力学模型，以有限变形理论为基础，采用悬臂 梁力学模型，分段研究了冲击整形时钻杆屈曲的平衡位形及对套管、水泥环产生 的冲击力. 结合水泥环的应力状态, 根据脆性 材料的Mazars损伤模型，建立了水泥环的损伤力学模型. 并分析了水泥环的损伤 状态. 通过与现场测试结果对比，理论计算与实测结果误差在2.7%左右.     

Effect of casing separations and tip leakage jets on turbine efficiency

A single stage model turbine has been provided with a set of three special inlet sections which include backward facing steps to produce casing separations of varying size upstream of the stator blades. In addition each inlet section is equipped so as tc be able to emit a swirling jet which simulates the tip leakage jet from a preceeding stage. It is demonstrated that there is a substantial efficiency penalty associated with the stepped casing and its attendant separation and that a small mitigation is brought about by the tip leakage jet, by re-energising the fluid in the separation zone     

An analytical design method of thin,isotropic press-fit retention sleeve for surface-mounted permanent magnet drives

Electric drives with surface-mounted permanent magnets feature magnet retention sleeves found in the air gap between the rotor and the stator. The design of these components, whose thickness affects the size of the magnetic air gap, has thus significant implications for the overall drive performance. The present work proposes a systematic analytical method for the mechanical design of press-fit retention sleeves for surface-mounted permanent magnet drives. The model relies on the premise that the sleeve is thin and mounted on a much stiffer rotor-magnet assembly. This leads to the assumption of constant thickness before and after the interference fit, as well as the only significant deformation being the hoop extension of the sleeve induced by the press fit. The proposed design method allows for rapid estimations of such sleeve parameters as the thickness and effective overlap, providing critical design points to be verified by subsequent high fidelity approaches. Accordingly, finite-element analysis results are provided as verification of the analytical approach, demonstrating very good agreement between the two approaches.     

Analytical method for evaluating stress field in casing-cement-formation system of oil/gas wells

In this paper, we present an analytical method for evaluating the stress field within a casing-cement-formation system of oil/gas wells under anisotropic in-situ stresses in the rock formation and uniform pressure within the casing. The present method treats the in-situ stresses in the formation as initial stresses since the in-situ stresses have already developed in the formation before placement of cement and casing into the well. It is demonstrated that, via this treatment, the present method excludes additional displacements within the formation predicted by the existing method, and gives more reasonable stress results. An actual tight-oil well is analyzed using the present and existing analytical methods, as well as the finite element method. Good agreement between the analytical results and the finite element analysis(FEA) results is obtained, validating the present method. It is also evident that, compared with the present method, the existing method overestimates the compressive stress level within the casing and the cement.Finally, the effects of elastic properties of the formation, cement, and inner pressure of casing on stresses within the casing and cement are illustrated with a series of sensitivity analyses.     

防止热采井套管热破坏的预膨胀固井技术

热力采油是开采稠油的最广泛、效益较高的方法.实践表明,注蒸汽稠油井如果用常规方法固井,那么在通常的注汽温度下,套管都因热应力而产生屈服变形.文中提出了防止热采井套管热破坏的预膨胀固井技术,即在注水泥结束但没有凝固时,将油层套管预热和向油层套管施加内压强,使套管膨胀;水泥在套管膨胀的条件下凝固.计算表明,采用预膨胀固井技术后,热采井在整个生产周期内,套管不但不屈服,而且还有较大的安全系数.室内实验证明,注汽后,采用预膨胀固井的套管的塑性变形量远小于常规固井的套管的塑性变形量.此项技术可能成为延长热采井套管使用寿命的重要手段.     

Squeeze flow of Bingham fluids under slip with friction boundary condition

This paper develops a theoretical analysis of a Bingham fluid in slipping squeeze flow. The flow field decomposition consists in combining a central extensional flow zone in the plane of symmetry and shear flow zones near the plates. It is also considered that the slipping zone is located around a central sticking zone as previously shown from experiments. It is assumed that the shear stress at the plates is constant in the slipping zone and equals a fixed friction yield value. The squeeze force required to compress a Bingham fluid under the slipping behaviour as well as the radial evolution of the transition point between both sticking and slipping zones are finally determined.