聚天冬氨酸/3,5-二氨基苯甲酸的合成及缓蚀阻垢性能

通过氨基开环的方法合成了聚天冬氨酸/3,5-二氨基苯甲酸接枝共聚物(PASP/3,5-DMBA),采用静态阻垢、动态腐蚀等方法考察了该共聚物的阻垢和缓蚀性能。结果表明,3,5-二氨基苯甲酸的引入可有效改善聚天冬氨酸(PASP)的阻垢与缓蚀性能,尤其在较低的浓度下对CaSO_4和Ca_3(PO_4)_2的阻垢性能有明显的提高。当PASP/3,5-DMBA药剂用量分别为1.25mg/L、6mg/L时,其对CaCO_3、CaSO_4的阻垢效率接近100%。当用量为18mg/L时,对Ca_3(PO_4)2的阻垢效率可达75%。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现,加入PASP/3,5-DMBA后钙垢晶体结构发生了畸变,呈分散开花状。     

聚天冬氨酸/对氨基苯甲酰胺接枝物的合成及阻垢性能

以马来酸酐、尿素为原料合成了聚琥珀酰亚胺(PSI),再以对氨基苯甲酰胺为开环介质在碱性条件下对PSI进行开环反应合成了新型绿色阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸/对氨基苯甲酰胺(PASP/4-ABZM).通过FT-IR、SEM等表征手段对接枝共聚物的结构和结垢的形态进行了分析,并采用静态阻垢法考察了PASP/4-ABZM的阻钙垢性能.实验结果表明:当接枝物的浓度为0.5 mg/L时阻CaCO_3垢效率接近100%;当浓度为3 mg/L时阻CaSO_4垢效率接近100%;当浓度为9 mg/L时阻Ca3(PO_4)_2垢效率可达90%.加入接枝共聚物之后,三种垢的形态均发生了明显的变化.     

两种聚天冬氨酸接枝共聚物的制备及其阻垢性能

以马来酸酐、尿素、二乙烯三胺、1-氨基-2-萘酚-4-磺酸等为原料,合成了聚天冬氨酸/二乙烯三胺(PASP/DETA)和聚天冬氨酸/1-氨基-2-萘酚-4-磺酸接枝共聚物(PASP/1,2,4);采用红外光谱仪分析了产物的化学结构,并测定了其对工业用水的阻垢性能.结果表明,PASP/DETA对Ca3(PO4)2具有很好的阻垢性能,PASP/1,2,4对CaCO3具有很好的阻垢性能;当二者按PASP/DETA浓度5mg/L、PASP/1,2,4浓度1.5mg/L复配使用时,对CaCO3的阻垢率可达95.4%,对Ca3(PO4)2的阻垢率可达95.2%.     

聚天冬氨酸与聚丙烯酸等复合药剂的协同性能研究

在碱性条件下,聚琥珀酰亚胺(Polysuccimide, PSI)发生开环反应,经洗涤干燥制得天冬氨酸聚合物(PASP),并用~1H NMR对其结构进行表征,采用静态阻垢、旋转挂片等方法考察其阻垢、缓蚀性能.通过正交试验讨论PASP与聚丙烯酸(PAA)、ZnSO_4、2-膦酸基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)的协同性能与作用机理,结果表明:当PASP、PAA、ZnSO_4、PBTCA浓度分别为40、30、4、8 mg/L时,其阻碳酸钙垢率可达95.04%,缓蚀率可达90%,表现出优秀的协同增效性能.该复合药剂绿色、低磷、高效,具有较好的应用前景.     

聚天冬氨酸与木质素磺酸钠复配物对碳酸钙阻垢性能的研究

通过静态阻垢法研究了国产聚天冬氨酸(PASP)、木质素磺酸钠(SLS)添加量对碳酸钙的阻垢性能.结果表明:PASP在5.0mg/L时阻垢率接近100%,SLS达300mg/L以上时阻垢率趋于平缓,浓度为600mg/L时,其阻垢率仍不足70%.PASP与SLS复合配方及在不同影响因素条件下阻垢性能的研究表明:复合配方(PASP 2.0mg/L SLS 5.0mg/L)的阻垢率接近100%,且适用于高钙、高pH值、高温的水系统中,并可在水系统中长时间停留.     

聚天冬氨酸/4⁃(氨甲基)吡啶的制备及其阻垢缓蚀协同性能研究

以4-(氨甲基)吡啶(4-Aminopyridine)、马来酸酐、尿素等为原料,采用热缩聚的方法合成聚天冬氨酸/4-(氨甲基)吡啶接枝物(PASP/4-AMPY),并用核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)对其结构进行了表征;采用静态阻垢法和失重法分别测试合成产物的阻垢和缓蚀性能,利用正交试验的方法,讨论合成产物与PBTCA、ZnSO_4和PAA的协同浓度配比,结果表明,当PASP/4-AMPY、PAA、ZnSO_4、PBTCA四种单剂的浓度分别为20、20、4、4 mg/L时,其阻垢率可达87.99%,缓蚀率98.12%,表现出良好的协同增效作用.     

聚天冬氨酸-亚氨基二乙酸聚合物的合成及阻垢性能研究

绿色高效阻垢剂的合成是目前工业循环水领域中的研究热点.以聚琥珀酰亚胺(Polysuccinimide, PSI)、亚氨基二乙酸(Iminodiacetic Acid, IA)为原料,采用接枝共聚法合成了高效水处理剂聚天冬氨酸-亚氨基二乙酸聚合物.利用核磁共振波谱仪和傅立叶变换红外光谱对该聚合物的结构进行表征.通过静态阻垢法测定了聚天冬氨酸-亚氨基二乙酸聚合物在工业循环水中的阻垢性能.结果表明,该聚合物浓度为10 mg/L时,阻CaCO_3垢效率比PASP增加了48%;在15 mg/L时PASP-IA的阻CaSO_4效率已接近100%,显示出了优异的阻垢性能.     

N-氨基甲酰马来酸接枝聚天冬氨酸聚合物的合成及其阻垢性能研究

以聚琥珀酰亚胺(PSI)和N-氨基甲酰马来酸为原料,合成N-氨基甲酰马来酸接枝聚天冬氨酸聚合物(PASP-NCA)阻垢剂。通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对PASP-NCA结构进行表征。采用静态阻垢法评价该阻垢剂的阻CaCO_3垢性能。通过扫描电子显微镜探讨CaCO_3垢晶体形貌的变化。结果表明,相对于纯聚天冬氨酸(PASP),接枝后的PASP-NCA阻垢剂的阻垢性能得到了明显改善,当该聚合物浓度在5 mg/L时,阻CaCO_3的效率较接枝前提高了42.2%;同时,PASP-NCA与PASP相比,具有优秀的温度适应性。当温度在50℃时,30 mg/L的PASP-NCA阻CaCO_3的效率达到96.0%。PASP-NCA的加入还使CaCO_3晶体的形貌发生畸变。     

硫酸溶液中聚天冬氨酸对碳钢的吸附缓蚀性能

应用电化学极化曲线和交流阻抗研究聚天冬氨酸(PASP)对碳钢的缓蚀性能,讨论了PASP浓度和温度对缓蚀效果的影响.结果表明:PASP是一种以抑制阳极为主的缓蚀剂.在实验温度范围内,PASP在0.5mol/L硫酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀效率随着温度升高而降低,并以10℃时的缓蚀效果最好.在给定温度下,缓蚀率均随PASP浓度的增加而迅速增加,但当PASP质量浓度达到2.5g/L时,缓蚀率的增加趋于平缓,10℃下,缓蚀率的最高值可达80.33%(PASP 6.0g/L),PASP在碳钢表面的吸附基本服从Freund lich吸附等温式,PASP的加入增大了碳钢的腐蚀反应表观活化能.     

羧酸聚合物对磷酸钙的阻垢作用和机理

采用静态阻垢法评定了膦酰基羧酸聚合物(POCA)、聚丙烯酸(PAA)、丙烯酸-丙烯酸羟丙酯共聚物(T-225)、水解聚马来酸酐(HPMA)等四种羧酸类聚合物阻垢剂对磷酸钙的阻垢性能, 发现在加药量为25 mg/L时几种聚合物对磷酸钙垢的阻垢率分别为100%, 94.6%, 36.2%和30.2%. 采用分子动力学(MD)方法, 模拟计算了四种聚合物与磷酸钙晶体的(110)晶面的相互作用结合能、非键作用能等参数. 结果表明: 聚羧酸与(110)晶面结合能以及非键作用能的大小排序为POCA＞T-225＞HPMA＞PAA, 结合能以及非键作用能越大, 说明聚合物与垢晶体的结合越紧密, 抑制性能越好; 因此它们对磷酸钙阻垢能力大小排序为POCA＞T-225＞HPMA＞PAA. 该理论计算与实验室静态阻垢评定结论一致. 通过对超分子对关联函数的分析, 发现POCA和T-225聚合物中羰基O原子与晶面上Ca^2＋之间形成了较弱的离子键, 但强度远比非键作用小, 非键作用主要由库仑作用和范德华作用力提供, 且库仑作用的贡献更大. 据此合成了马来酸酐-苯乙烯磺酸钠-丙烯酸羟丙酯(MA-SS-HPA)以及苯乙烯磺酸钠-丙烯酸羟丙酯-亚磷酸(MA-SS-H₃PO₃)共聚物, 加药量为18 mg/L时对磷酸钙垢的阻垢率分别为94.2%和100%, 性能优于POCA.     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

Ground- and excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity in benzene and cyclobutadiene

The aromaticity and antiaromaticity of the ground state (S 0), lowest triplet state (T 1), and first singlet excited state (S 1) of benzene, and the ground states (S 0), lowest triplet states (T 1), and the first and second singlet excited states (S 1 and S 2) of square and rectangular cyclobutadiene are assessed using various magnetic criteria including nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), proton shieldings, and magnetic susceptibilities calculated using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). These magnetic criteria strongly suggest that, in contrast to the well-known aromaticity of the S 0 state of benzene, the T 1 and S 1 states of this molecule are antiaromatic. In square cyclobutadiene, which is shown to be considerably more antiaromatic than rectangular cyclobutadiene, the magnetic properties of the T 1 and S 1 states allow these to be classified as aromatic. According to the computed magnetic criteria, the T 1 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is still aromatic, but the S 1 state is antiaromatic, just as the S 2 state of square cyclobutadiene; the S 2 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is nonaromatic. The results demonstrate that the well-known "triplet aromaticity" of cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons represents a particular case of a broader concept of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity. It is shown that while electronic excitation may lead to increased nuclear shieldings in certain low-lying electronic states, in general its main effect can be expected to be nuclear deshielding, which can be substantial for heavier nuclei.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).