锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的低温燃烧合成

以LiNO3、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、Co(NO3)2·6H2O、Mn(NO3)2、CO(NH2)2为原料,通过低温燃烧法在空气中合成了锂离子正极材料LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2.采用XRD研究了合成产物的物相与结构,用SEM研究了合成产物的形貌,考察了点火温度、回火温度,回火时间以及锂过量对合成产物电化学性能的影响.研究结果表明,合成产物与层状LiNiO2的结构相同,属α-NaFeO2型层状结构,合成产物的粒度较小且比较均匀,并具有良好的电化学性能.采用低温燃烧法在空气中合成LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2的最佳条件为:500℃点火,850℃回火20h,锂过量为15mol%.在此条件下得到的合成产物首次放电比容量达到158.9mAh/g.     

Li4Mn5O12包覆对三元正极材料结构和性能的影响

LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2具有很高的理论比容量,但是三元正极材料在高电压下长循环时,其表面结构发生较大的衰退,导致电池的循环性能和倍率性能变差。本文采用耐高电压且结构稳定的富锂尖晶石Li4Mn5O(12)包覆LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2可以有效改善材料的电化学性能。通过XRD、SEM、XPS和TEM等手段对包覆后的材料进行分析,证实了在LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2的表面形成了10nm厚的均匀Li4Mn5O(12)的包覆层;在循环100圈后,包覆后的LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2仍具有179.5m Ah/g的放电比容量和88.6%容量保持率,明显高于未包覆的LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2的78.3%容量保持率。因此,利用富锂尖晶石Li4Mn5O(12)包覆LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2为实现更高能量密度的锂离子电池提供了新的途径。     

Ag/C包覆对Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2电化学性能的影响

运用共沉淀和元素化学沉积相结合的方法,制备出了具有Ag/C包覆层的层状富锂固溶体材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、恒流充放电、循环伏安(CV),电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和X射线能量散射谱(EDS)方法,研究了Ag/C包覆层对Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2电化学性能的影响.结果表明,Ag/C包覆层的厚度约为25 nm,Ag/C包覆在保持了固溶体材料α-NaFeO2六方层状晶体结构的前提下,显著地改善了Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2的电化学性能.在2.0-4.8 V(vs Li/Li+)的电压范围内,首次放电(0.05C)容量由242.6 mAh·g-1提高到272.4 mAh·g-1,库仑效率由67.6%升高到77.4%;在0.2C倍率下,30次循环后,Ag/C包覆的电极材料容量为222.6 mAh·g-1,比未包覆电极材料的容量高出14.45%;包覆后的电极材料在1C下的容量仍为0.05C下的81.3%.循环伏安及电化学交流阻抗谱研究表明,Ag/C包覆层抑制了材料在充放电过程中氧的损失,有效降低了Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2颗粒的界面膜电阻与电化学反应电阻.     

LiNi0.8-xAlxCo0.2O2制备与电极性能的研究

采用高温固相反应法合成具有良好层状结构的LiNi0.8-xAlxCo0.2O2。研究发现，LiNi0.71Al0.02Co0.2O2材料经20次循环弃放电后，其放电容量仍达152mAh/g，是首次放电容量的97.4%。通过XRD结构测量、慢扫描循环伏安测试和电极经多次循环后其交流阻抗测试的对比，表明对LiNiO2进行Al和Co共掺杂，增强了材料层状结构的稳定性，有效地抑制了Li^ 嵌入脱出过程中材料的相转变，其充放电性能、耐过充性和循环性能都得到明显改善，热分析测试表明，在高脱锂状态下共掺杂材料的热稳定性也有所提高。     

Al掺杂量对正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(2/3-x)Al_xO_2结构和电化学性能的影响

以共沉淀法合成的前驱体Ni1/3Co2/3-xAlx(OH)2与低共熔锂盐0.38LiOH·H2O-0.62LiNO3制备了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co2/3-xAlxO2(x=1/12,1/6,1/3,1/2,7/12).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学性能测试对其结构、形貌和电化学性质进行表征.结果表明,LiNi1/3Co2/3-xAlxO2在1/12≤x≤1/3范围内可以保持单一的六方层状α-NaFeO2结构,当Al掺杂量(x)高于1/3时,会出现杂相.其中,LiNi1/3Co1/3Al1/3O2结晶程度最高,阳离子混排效应最小,并且颗粒小而均匀,振实密度可以达到2.88g·cm-3,首次放电容量为151.5mAh·g-1,循环50次后放电容量保持在91.4%,在1C和2C倍率下放电容量仍可达到133.7和120.9mAh·g-1.     

锂离子电池正极材料xLi2MnO3·(1-x)Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2的制备及表征

以过渡金属乙酸盐和乙酸锂为原料,柠檬酸为螯合剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法结合高温煅烧法制备了锂离子电池富锂锰基正极材料xLi2MnO3·(1-x)Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2,采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学性能测试对所得样品的结构,形貌及电化学性能进行了表征.结果表明:x=0.5时,在900°C下煅烧12h得到颗粒均匀细小的层状xLi2MnO3·(1-x)Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2材料,并具有良好的电化学性能,在室温下以20mA·g-1的电流密度充放电,2.0-4.8V电位范围内首次放电比容量高达260.0mAh·g-1,循环40次后放电比容量为244.7mAh·g-1,容量保持率为94.12%.     

Ag/C包覆对Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2电化学性能的影响

运用共沉淀和元素化学沉积相结合的方法,制备出了具有Ag/C包覆层的层状富锂固溶体材料Li [Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、恒流充放电、循环伏安(CV),电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和X射线能量散射谱(EDS)方法,研究了Ag/C包覆层对Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni03Co013]O2电化学性能的影响.结果表明,Ag/C包覆层的厚度约为25 nm,Ag/C包覆在保持了固溶体材料α-NaFeO2六方层状晶体结构的前提下,显著地改善了Li[Li0.0Mn054Ni0.13Co013]O2的电化学性能.在2.0-4.8 V (vs Li/Li+)的电压范围内,首次放电(0.05C)容量由242.6 mAh·g-1提高到272.4 mAh·g-1,库仑效率由67.6％升高到77.4％;在0.2C倍率下,30次循环后,Ag/C包覆的电极材料容量为222.6 mAh·g-1,比未包覆电极材料的容量高出14.45％;包覆后的电极材料在1C下的容量仍为0.05C下的81.3％.循环伏安及电化学交流阻抗谱研究表明,Ag/C包覆层抑制了材料在充放电过程中氧的损失,有效降低了Li[Li02Mn0.54Ni0.13Co013]O2颗粒的界面膜电阻与电化学反应电阻.     

高容量锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2的合成及电化学性能

以β-Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025(OH)2和LiOH.H2O为原料通过高温固相法合成了球形LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2。采用热重-差热分析了反应过程,采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对粉末的结构和形貌进行了表征。采用充放电测试和循环伏安测试对材料电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:750℃煅烧12 h合成的LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2为Li原子混排较少的良好层状结构,二次颗粒尺寸在15μm左右,且具有最高的放电比容量和良好的循环性能,在0.2C,2.8~4.3 V的条件下,首次放电比容量达207 mAh.g-1,40次循环后容量保持率为92.5%。     

xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(x=0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4)固溶体材料性能研究

通过LiNO3与Mn(NO3)2的混合溶液与LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2粉体共混干燥后在900℃热处理12 h制备了xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(x=0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4)固溶体。随着x的增加,固溶体的XRD峰强度减弱,峰形变宽,而在20°~30°间的结构特征峰(LiMn6)更加明显;尽管固溶体的外观形貌为团聚状,但组成其的单颗粒平均粒径随着x增大,由x=0.1时的250 nm增大到x=0.4时的350 nm。随着充放电截止电压的升高,固溶体的放电比容量增大;在2.5~4.6 V间充放电,当x=0.2时,充放电的极化最小,放电平台最高;不同倍率充放电循环21周后发现随着x的增大,容量保持率从91.2%增加大105.6%。研究结果表明,Li2MnO3可以改善LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料的电化学性能。     

柠檬酸(铵)处理对Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2电化学性能影响的研究

以共沉淀法制备的[Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]1.25CO3为前驱体,配锂焙烧获得了富锂锰基固溶体Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2,然后分别用柠檬酸、柠檬酸三铵对该材料进行表面预处理。结果表明经柠檬酸(铵)处理后,Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2中分别有16.37wt%和13.14wt%的锂被化学脱出。充放电测试结果表明,表面处理后的样品首次效率有了较大的提高(由63.5%分别提高到了80.2%和80.7%),0.2C循环40次容量保持率分别由91.43%提高到97.42%和92.72%,1C容量由处理前的149.5 mAh.g-1提高到179.5mAh.g-1和181.5 mAh.g-1,表明处理后材料的循环性能和倍率性能都得到了改善。这主要是由于柠檬酸(铵)处理,预先脱出了Li2MnO3组分中的部分Li2O,并在材料表面生成了类尖晶石结构的材料。     

高容量正极材料0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2的合成与电化学性能研究

在恒定pH值下将层状钴铝双羟基复合金属氧化物(CoAl-LDH)均匀包覆在球状Ni(OH)2表面,与LiOH.H2O混合均匀后,经高温煅烧制得钴铝酸锂包覆镍酸锂0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2正极材料.电化学测试表明,0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2正极比容量高,具有良好的倍率性能和循环寿命,其0.1C放电比容量为211 mAh·g-1,0.5C放电比容量为195.6 mAh·g-1,3C放电比容量为161 mAh·g-1,0.5C 30周期循环后容量保持率为93.2%,明显优于LiNiO2和钴酸锂包覆镍酸锂0.08LiCoO2-0.92LiNiO2正极.     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Property of Calcium Doped LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 Solid Solution

Today, batteries with high capacity, good cyclability, long life and environmental goodness are much required to meet some pressing demands of our modern society. In principle, lithium ion cells can satisfy these requirements1. But the properties of the cathode materials have limited the further development of the lithium ion cells. The studied cathode materials before were mainly LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2. The LiCoO2 has disadvantages including cost and environmental risk although it is…     

Effect of Various Synthesis methods on the Electrochemical Properties of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2

Layered LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 has the isostructure of α-NaFeO2 and shows high rate capacity with stable cycleability. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of this material is milder than that of lithium nickel oxide and lithium cobalt oxide. In addition, it is expected to be stable at elevated temperatures. Therefore LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 may be the most promising cathode materials of lithium-ion secondary battery.In this research, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared by solid-state reaction, sol-gel method and mixed hydroxide method. The influences of synthesis method on the physical and electrochemical properties of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), charge/discharge cycling cyclic voltammetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XPS studies show that the predominant oxidation states of Ni, Co and Mn in the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 compound are 2+, 3+ and 4+. From the voltage profile and cyclic voltammetry, the redox processes occurring at ～3.8V and ～4.5V are assigned to the Ni2+/Ni3+ and Co3+/Co4+ couples, respectively. Different preparation methods result in the difference in morphology (shape, particle size and specific surface area) and electrochemical behaviors. A sample prepared by solid-state reaction has the worst electrochemical performance among these three methods. Sample synthesized by mixed hydroxide method displays the better rate capacity than that prepared by sol-gel method, while the capacity retention of sample prepared by sol-gel method is superior to that synthesized by mixed hydroxide method.     

LiV3O8在Li2SO4水溶液中的电化学性能

采用低温固相法合成了具有纳米结构的LiV₃O₈材料.扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）测试显示该材料具有纳米结构.X射线衍射（XRD）表明该材料属于单斜晶系,P2₁Im空间群.并采用循环伏安法（CV）及电化学阻抗谱图测试对该材料在1、2 mol·L^-1Li₂SO₄水溶液及饱和Li₂SO₄水溶液中的电化学行为进行了研究.结果表明,LiV₃O₈在饱和Li₂SO₄水溶液中具有最好的电化学性能.以LiV₃O₈作为负极材料,LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂作为正极材料,饱和Li₂SO₄水溶液作为电解液组成了水性锂离子电池,进行恒流充放电测试,结果表明,在0.5C(1C=300 mA·g^-1)的充放电倍率下,该水性锂离子电池的首次放电比容量为95.2 mAh·g^-1,循环100次后仍具有37.0 mAh·g^-1的放电比容量.     

锂离子电池正极材料研究的新动向和挑战

调研了全球锂离子电池正极材料LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4、LiFePO4 LiNi0.8 Co0.2 O2和Li(CoMnNi)1/3O2的学术研究论文和技术专利申请与授权数按年和语言分布情况。综述了前4种材料作锂离子电池正极材料尚存在的问题和解决对策进展。例如,通过掺杂其他元素、表面包覆、细化材料颗粒及改善正极结构设计来提高正极材料的充放电容量、寿命、功率密度和电池高功率密度使用时的安全性。     

新型电池材料LiNi_yCo_zTi_(1-y-z)O_2的结构与性能研究

研究了新型锂离子电池材料LiNiyCozTi1 - y-zO2 的结构与性能 ,比较了LiNiyCozTi1 - y-zO2 与LiNiO2 在充放电特性、物性、粒度分布等方面的异同 ,研究了LiNiyCozTi1 -y-zO2 的结构和电化学性能 .结果表明 ,部分Ni被Co和Ti取代后 ,有效地改善了LiNiO2 的性能 .     

正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xCrxO2的低温燃烧合成

以LiNO3、Ni(NO3)2.6H2O、50%Mn(NO3)2溶液、Cr(NO3)3.9H2O和尿素为原料,采用低温燃烧法合成了LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xCrxO2,研究了回火温度、回火时间、锂过量和掺铬量对正极材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明,采用低温燃烧法合成LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xCrxO2的优化条件为:回火温度850℃、回火时间16h、锂过量15%,适宜掺铬量x=0.02。在优化条件下合成的正极材料具有α-NaFeO2型层状结构、球状形貌和良好的电化学性能,以0.1C速率在2.5～4.6V之间充放电,首次放电容量为179.9mAh/g,第50次循环放电容量仍保有171.0mAh/g,容量保持率达到95.1%。     

Studies on Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Li1+δNi1-xCoxO2-yFy Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Rechargeable Batteries

It is a technological problem of LiNiO2 cathode material for lithium-ion secondary batteries because of the difficult preparation and hard purification, instable performance, remarkable capacity fading at initial discharge, worse thermal stability and safety of Ni-series cathode materials,and it is also the key factor of hindering LiNiO2 cathode material from practical applications.Recently, by doping some metal cations such as Co, Mn, Mg, Al, Cr and so on[1-5] into LiNiO2, the preparation difficulty and the purification hardness can be obviously improved, and the initial irreversible discharge capacity can be reduced, and the ratio of the initial discharge to charge capacity can be enhanced. But the cyclic stability, thermal stability and safety of LiNiO2 are not enough to satisfy the demand of commercial use.At present, the synthesis of LiNiO2 cathode material must be sintered under oxygen atmosphere in most cases, and the improved effect of fluoride doping on the electrochemical properties of LiNiO2 has seldom been reported in the literatures.In this paper, the cobalt cation and fluorine anion co-doping cathode materials Li1+δNi1-xCoxO2-yFy( 0≤δ≤0.2, 0≤x≤0.5, 0≤y≤0.1 ) were synthesized by solid state reaction method at 650℃ ～750℃ under air atmosphere, and characterized by XRD、 SEM、 TEM、 BET、 laser particle-size distribution measurement and electrochemical performance testing, the effect of different nickel sources on the properties of as-synthesized cathode materials was investigated. The results demonstrated that the cobalt and fluorine ions co-doping cathode materials Li1+δNi1-xCoxO2-yFy have complete layered structure, uniform surface morphology and better particle-size distribution as well as excellent electrochemical performances. At 20～25℃, 0.15～0.25mA charge and discharge current,4.25～2.70V cut-off voltage, 0.2～0.5C charge and discharge rate and 0.2～0.5 mA/cm2 current density,LiNi0.8Co0.2O1.95F0.05 cathode material has higher initial charge and discharge capacity and better cyclic properties which can be mainly attributed to the doping of the higher electronegativity fluorine which improves the structural stability and the synergistic reaction of cobalt and fluorine ions co-doping on the cathode materials. Under the above conditions, the initial charge and discharge capacity of LiNi0.8Co0.2O1.95F0.05 is 165.70mAh/g and 146.10mAh/g, respectively. After 50 cycles, it has more than 140mAh/g of discharge capacity and displays preliminary application possibility in the future.