f0（975）和Ф（1020）介子对中子星物质的影响

利用相对论平均场理论，考虑了σ＊，Ф介子及重子八重态{N，P，A，∑^-，∑0,∑＋，Ξ^-，Ξ^0}，研究了中子星的性质．发现当考虑了σ＊，Ф介子的贡献时，超子出现的临界重子数密度降低了，超子数目增加了，超子星的转变密度poH降低了，物态方程变软，最大质量变小而相应的中子星半径增大，中子星的中心重子数密度、中心能量密度和中心压强均降低．     

非碳纳米管研究的新进展

文章系统地论述了非碳纳米管的制备，较详尽地介绍了多种非碳纳米管制备最新的进展，包括硫化物、氮化物、氧化物等等，特别重点地总结了非碳纳米管前沿材料，例如WS2，Bi2S，，ZnS，GaN，BN，AlN，InP，Eu2O3，，V2O3等．最后对非碳纳米管的研究趋势作了展望．     

新型铸装炸药生产工艺

对熔铸炸药生产中工艺部分的内容做了大量的研究工作，自行设计制造了预制药球模具，并制备了合格的预制药球，较好的解决了目前预制药球装填过程中易产生的搭桥现象，提高了液态炸药的充填能力，改善了装药工艺，减轻了工人的劳动强度，但预制药球制备较为复杂，且装填后的产品质量与装填预制药柱的产品相比，质量提高不是特别明显。     

遗传算法用于傅里叶变换红外光谱的定量解析

本文利用遗传算法对混叠的傅里叶变换红外光谱图进行了定量的解析。文中分析了最多包含了十个组分的大气有毒有机物（苯，四氯化碳，氯苯，硝基苯，苯酚，甲苯，甲醇，邻甲酚，间甲酚和对甲酚）的混合谱图，建立了适当目标函数，使用了自适应变异技术，讨论了交叉和变异概率对结果的影响。结果证明遗传算法有着极好的非线性特征。在适当的条件下，结果的相对误差小于1％。     

微小光学的研究现状

叙述了微小光学的新进展，对微小光学基本原理给出了简单概括，并对发展动态进行了评论，在微小光学理方面，讨论了“阵列光学”理论，研究了光学阵列的物与共轭象间的关系；在微小光学器件方面，讨论了变折射率透镜，平面微透镜列阵，衍射光学元件和三维集成光学系统；在应用方面，讨论了和并行光通信，光计算有关的一些新应用。     

激光喇曼光谱的光纤采样技术

设计了一种高效光纤喇曼探针，与常规采样方法相比，简化了操作，改善了测量的信噪比，同时，光纤采样实现了远距离测量，使恶劣环境下的现场检测成为可能。     

内标—脉冲雾化ICP—AES测定微量体液中的Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,P,Mn,C…

采用内标－脉冲才化进样法，建立了微量何不认的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ分析方法。对内标的选择，分析信号与增样量的关系和分析标准曲线等方面进行了研究，测定了微量体液样品中的Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｐ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｒ等元素的含量，获得了较满意的结果。     

全固化单频激光器的控温系统

文章介绍了一种全固化单频激光器的控温系统，该系统利用PID控制原理，针对我们的控制对象，对其参数和整个系统进行了优化设计，并采取一系列抗干扰措施，保证了系统的控制精度和控制速度，用单片机对其多路温度信号的测量和显示进行了程序化控制，有效解决了热敏电阻的非线性问题，简化了系统的硬件结构，该系统体积小，运行可靠，控制精度达0．005℃（4h）。     

插图使用的探索和创新--浅谈自由落体频闪照片在教学中的应用

插图是教材的重要组成部分，不仅量多，[如高一教材(人民教育出版社2003年6月第1版)共一百五十多页，插图就有两百多幅]，而且内容丰富；它们分别展示了实验典型器材，记录了实验结果，分析了物理现象或过程，反映了物理知识在生产、生活、科技、实际中的应用，介绍了重要物理史料等等，在物理教学中起到了不可替代的作用．因此如何充分合理利用插图，     

阿贝及其对光学发展的贡献

简介了物理学家阿贝的生平，回顾了阿贝对成像原理的研究，对显微镜理论和技术的发展，特别是他提出了正弦条件，进行了复消色差的设计，介绍了他研制一些其他光学仪器装置，以及了为物理学发展作出的卓越贡献。     

Simultaneous effects of magnetic field and space porosity on compressible Maxwell fluid transport induced by a surface acoustic wave in a microchannel

Peristaltic motion induced by a surface acoustic wave of a viscous, compressible and electrically conducting Maxwell fluid in a confined parallel-plane microchannel through a porous medium is investigated in the presence of a constant magnetic field. The slip velocity is considered and the problem is discussed only for the free pumping case. A perturbation technique is employed to analyze the problem in terms of a small amplitude ratio. The phenomenon of a “backward flow” is found to exist in the center and at the boundaries of the channel. In the second order approximation, the net axial velocity is calculated for various values of the fluid parameters. Finally, the effects of the parameters of interest on the mean axial velocity, the reversal flow, and the perturbation function are discussed and shown graphically. We find that in the non-Newtonian regime, there is a possibility of a fluid flow in the direction opposite to the propagation of the traveling wave. This work is the most general model of peristalsis created to date with wide-ranging applications in biological, geophysical and industrial fluid dynamics.     

The shape gradient of the least-squares objective functional in optimal shape design problems of radiative heat transfer

Optimal shape design problems of steady-state radiative heat transfer are considered. The optimal shape design problem (in the three-dimensional space) is formulated as an inverse one, i.e., in the form of an operator equation of the first kind with respect to a surface to be optimized. The operator equation is reduced to a minimization problem via a least-squares objective functional. The minimization problem has to be solved numerically. Gradient minimization methods need the gradient of a functional to be minimized. In this paper the shape gradient of the least-squares objective functional is derived with the help of the shape sensitivity analysis and adjoint problem method. In practice a surface to be optimized may be (or, most likely, is to be) given in a parametric form by a finite number of parameters. In this case the objective functional is, in fact, a function in a finite-dimensional space and the shape gradient becomes an ordinary gradient. The gradient of the objective functional, in the case that the surface to be optimized is given in a finite-parametric form, is derived from the shape gradient. A particular case, that a surface to be optimized is a “two-dimensional” polyhedral one, is considered. The technique, developed in the paper, is applied to a synthetic problem of designing a “two-dimensional” radiant enclosure.     

Trees at an Interface

A lattice tree at an interface between two solvents of different quality is examined as a model of a branched polymer at an interface. Existence of the free energy is shown, and the existence of critical lines in its phase diagram is proven. In particular, there is a line of first order transitions separating a positive phase from a negative phase (the tree being predominantly on either side of the interface in these phases), and a curve of localization–delocalization transitions which separate the delocalized positive and negative phases from a phase where the tree is localized at the interface. This model is generalized to a branched copolymer which is examined in a certain averaged quenched ensemble. Existence of a thermodynamic limit is shown for this model, and it is also shown that the model is self-averaging. Lastly, a model of branched polymers interacting with one another through a membrane is considered. The existence of a limiting free energy is shown, and it is demonstrated that if the interaction is strong enough, then the two branched polymers will adsorb on one another.     

Effect of sparse distribution pores in a Soret-driven ferro thermohaline convection

Thermoconvective instability in a multicomponent fluid has very wide applications in industrial, ionospheric and geothermal systems. More often, it is found that the thermal diffusivity and mass diffusivity interact with each other in fluid systems. But in a liquid system, the effect of heat transport on mass transport is pronounced. In a ferrofluid system which is a synthesized liquid, it is often found that more than one component co-exists in the fluid system contributing to interactive diffusion. In the present analysis, it is intended to study the Soret effect on multicomponent ferrofluid saturating a porous medium with large variation in permeabilities. Linear stability analysis is used. Normal mode technique is applied. The numerical results are presented for both stationary and oscillatory instabilities. It is found that stationary instability is preferred irrespective of values of permeability of pores.     

On the averaged quantum dynamics by white-noise hamiltonians with and without dissipation

Exact results are derived on the averaged dynamics of a class of random quantum-dynamical systems in continuous space. Each member of the class is characterized by a Hamiltonian which is the sum of two parts. While one part is deterministic, time-independent and quadratic, the Weyl-Wigner symbol of the other part is a homogeneous Gaussian random field which is delta correlated in time, but smoothly correlated in position and momentum. The averaged dynamics of the resulting white-noise system is shown to be a monotone mixing increasing quantum-dynamical semigroup. Its generator is computed explicitly. Typically, in the course of time the mean energy of such a system grows linearly to infinity. In the second part of the paper an extended model is studied, which, in addition, accounts for dissipation by coupling the white-noise system linearly to a quantum-mechanical harmonic heat bath. It is demonstrated that, under suitable assumptions on the spectral density of the heat bath, the mean energy then saturates for long times.     

A cell-based study on pedestrian acceleration and overtaking in a transfer station corridor

Pedestrian speed in a transfer station corridor is faster than usual and sometimes running can be found among some of them. In this paper, pedestrians are divided into two categories. The first one is aggressive, and the other is conservative. Aggressive pedestrians weaving their way through crowd in the corridor are the study object of this paper. During recent decades, much attention has been paid to the pedestrians’ behavior, such as overtaking (also deceleration) and collision avoidance, and that continues in this paper. After sufficiently analyzing the characteristics of pedestrian flow in transfer station corridor, a cell-based model is presented in this paper, including the acceleration (also deceleration) and overtaking analysis. Acceleration (also deceleration) in a corridor is fixed according to Newton’s Law and then speed calculated with a kinematic formula is discretized into cells based on the fuzzy logic. After the speed is updated, overtaking is analyzed based on updated speed and force explicitly, compared to rule-based models, which herein we call implicit ones. During the analysis of overtaking, a threshold value to determine the overtaking direction is introduced. Actually, model in this paper is a two-step one. The first step is to update speed, which is the cells the pedestrian can move in one time interval and the other is to analyze the overtaking. Finally, a comparison between the rule-based cellular automata, the model in this paper and data in HCM 2000 is made to demonstrate our model can be used to achieve reasonable simulation of acceleration (also deceleration) and overtaking among pedestrians.     

Flow-induced noise in a suction nozzle with a centrifugal fan of a vacuum cleaner and its reduction

Noise reduction in a vacuum cleaner with a brush nozzle for cleaning a bed blanket is investigated numerically in fluid dynamic aspects. Governing equations describing nonlinear flow fields in a suction nozzle are solved simultaneously. The components of a rotary fan, a brush drum, and a separation block are installed in the nozzle. First, flow patterns in the nozzle are analyzed and based on them, flow resistance is evaluated to find a primary noise source. Flow resistance induces the loss of a suction performance as well as noise generation. In the brush nozzle, the separation block and the rotary fan obstruct smooth air flow and result in high level of noise emission. The rotation of the fan itself affects little noise generation. From the numerical results, a method to reduce noise and maintain the suction performance is suggested. In this method, the suction performance is increased through the optimization of the separation block, which is attained by the modification of its shape. And then, the height of a fan blade is shortened, leading to the performance loss. At the cost of it, the sound power level of noise is reduced by 4-5 dB(A) and at the same time, the tonal noise and the sound quality are improved appreciably. The method has been verified by experimental tests. It is found that in the brush nozzle, flow resistance is critical in noise emission and accordingly, fluid dynamic approach to noise reduction is effective.     

构造纠缠目击的一般方法

量子纠缠作为量子通信和量子计算过程中不可缺少的资源,在量子信息领域中有着广泛的应用.如何判定一个给定的量子态是否为纠缠态仍然是一个重要的课题.纠缠目击是一种特殊的自伴算子,它可以用来判断一个量子态是否为纠缠态.本文首先从纠缠目击的定义入手,给出构造纠缠目击的一般方法,证明了当一个可测量A在可分纯态上的最大期望CA严格小于它的最大特征值λ_(max)(A)时,对任何满足条件C_A≤Cλ_(max)(A)的参数C,算子W_C=CI-A都是一个纠缠目击;然后,作为应用得到了利用图态的稳定子构造纠缠目击的一系列方法.     

HEM₁₁ mode magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator:Simulation and experiment

A novel magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator(MILO) in which a modified HEM 11 mode is taken as its main interaction mode(HEM 11 mode MILO) is simulated and experimented in this paper.The excitation of the oscillation mode is made possible by carefully adjusting the arrangement of each resonant cavity in a two-dimensional slow wave structure.The special feature of such a device is that in the slow-wave-structure region,the interaction mode is HEM 11 mode which is a TM-like one that could interact with electron beams effectively;and in the coaxial output region,the microwave mode is TE 11 mode which has a favourable field density pattern to be directly radiated.Employing an electron beam of about 441 kV and 39.7 kA,the HEM 11 mode MILO generates a high power microwave output of about 1.47 GW at 1.45 GHz in particle-in-cell simulation.The power conversion efficiency is about 8.4 % and the generated microwave is in a TE 11-like circular polarization mode.In a preliminary experiment investigation,high power microwave is detected from the device with a frequency of 1.46 GHz,an output energy of 43 J-47 J,and a pulse duration of 44 ns-49 ns when the input voltage is 430 kV-450 kV,and the diode current is 37 kA-39 kA.     

Generalized Sasaki Projections and Riesz Ideals in Pseudoeffect Algebras

A noncommutative version of generalized Sasaki projections in pseudoeffect algebras is introduced. It is proved that an ideal in a pseudoeffect algebra is Riesz if and only if it is closed under the right and left Sasaki projections. In lattice ordered pseudoeffect algebras, it is shown that generalized Sasaki projections are one-element sets, and their explicit form is found. It is shown that if a supremum of a normal Riesz ideal in a lattice ordered pseudoeffect algebra exists, it is a central element. These results extend those obtained recently by Avallone and Vitolo for effect algebras.