煤烟凝聚粒子对量子卫星通信性能的影响

为了研究煤烟凝聚粒子对量子卫星通信性能的影响,根据煤烟凝聚粒子等效模型对粒子消光特性进行分析,结合粒子质量浓度转换公式建立传输距离、粒子数浓度与链路衰减、振幅阻尼信道容量、纠缠保真度和信道误码率之间的关系并进行仿真。仿真结果表明,当传输距离为2 km时,煤烟凝聚粒子数浓度从2.22×10~(12) m~(-3)增加到1.11×10~(13) m~(-3),链路衰减从0.40 dB增加到2.47 dB,振幅阻尼信道容量和纠缠保真度均有不同程度的下降,信道误码率从0.0056增加到0.0067。由此可见,煤烟凝聚粒子对量子卫星通信的性能有显著影响。因此,为了在实际信息传输过程中提高系统可靠性,应对量子通信系统的各项参数进行适当的调整,以适应煤烟环境对量子卫星通信产生的不同程度的影响。     

中纬度地区电离层偶发E层对量子卫星通信性能的影响

电离层偶发E层是指在距离地面高度80—150 km之间,在风剪切作用下,电子密度急剧增加的不规则电离薄层,它会对量子卫星光信号的传输造成极大的影响.然而,有关电离层偶发E层与星地间量子通信信道参数关系的研究,迄今尚未展开.为了研究偶发E层对量子卫星通信性能的影响,首先分析了它的形成过程,得出自由电子密度随高度变化的关系;然后建立了自由电子密度、偶发E层的厚度对量子卫星链路衰减的模型;针对振幅阻尼信道,给出自由电子密度对信道容量、纠缠保真度、误码率和安全密钥产生率的定量关系.理论分析和仿真结果表明,当偶发E层的厚度为1 km、电子密度由3×10~5cm~(-1)增加到27×10~5cm~(-1)时,信道容量由0.8304衰减到0.1319,纠缠保真度由0.9386下降到0.3606,量子误码率由0.0093增加到0.0769,安全密钥产生率由9.968×10~(-5)减小到1.91×10~(-6).由此可见,电子密度的大小和偶发E层的厚度对量子卫星通信性能有显著的影响.因此,在进行量子卫星通信时,应根据对电离层参数的探测情况,自适应调整卫星系统的各项指标,以确保量子通信的可靠性.     

不同海面风速对量子卫星星舰通信性能的影响

量子卫星星舰通信是量子保密通信的重要应用场景之一,在海面上,由于不同风速所引起的气溶胶粒子浓度发生剧烈变化,而气溶胶粒子浓度的剧变,必然导致星舰量子链路性能的剧烈衰减.然而,有关不同海面风速与量子卫星星舰通信信道参数关系的研究,迄今尚未展开.本文根据海面风速与气溶胶的Gras模型,分别建立了风速与星舰量子信道误码率、信道容量和信道平均保真度的定量关系.仿真结果表明,当风速分别为4 m/s和20 m/s时,海洋大气信道误码率、信道容量、信道平均保真度分别依次为4.62×10^-3和4.91×10^-3、0.957和0.65、0.999和0.974.由此可见,风速对海上量子通信性能有显著的影响.因此,为了提高通信的可靠性,应根据风速大小,自适应调整系统的各项参数.     

灰霾粒子与水云粒子不同混合方式对量子卫星通信性能影响

为了研究混合粒子的不同混合方式对星地量子卫星通信的影响,根据灰霾粒子与水云粒子的谱分布函数,以及不同混合方式下的消光系数,提出了外混合方式中星地量子信道衰减的计算关系,建立了内混合方式中的Core-shell信道衰减模型;分析了在不同混合方式下,混合粒子的粒径比与信道平均保真度、信道误码率之间的定量关系.仿真结果表明,当混合粒子的粒径比分别为0.2和0.8时,外混合粒子对应信道容量、信道平均保真度、信道误码率分别为0.39和0.27,0.8和0.8,0.003和0.009;内混合粒子对应信道容量、信道平均保真度、信道误码率分别为0.8和0.21,0.94和0.81,0.018和0.021.由此可见,灰霾粒子和水云粒子的不同混合方式对量子卫星通信性能的影响有显著差别.因此,在实际的量子卫星通信系统中,应根据混合粒子的不同混合方式自适应调整系统的各项参量,以提高星地量子通信链路的可靠性.     

弱电离尘埃等离子体层反射与透射的SO-FDTD方法分析

将弱电离尘埃等离子体复介电常数表示以jω 为自变量的分式多项式形式, 利用移位算子时域有限差分(SO-FDTD)方法, 给出了弱电离尘埃等离子体频域本构关系的时域形式. 推导了弱电离尘埃等离子体电磁特性的时域递推关系式. 用SO-FDTD方法计算了弱电离尘埃等离子体层的反射和透射系数, 分析了尘埃粒子浓度和尘埃粒子半径的变化对反射系数和透射系数的影响. 结果表明: 有尘埃粒子时的反射系数比没有尘埃粒子时反射系数小, 而透射系数要比没有尘埃粒子时的透射系数大; 当尘埃粒子浓度或尘埃粒子半径增大时, 其反射系数均减小.     

海洋矿物质颗粒对水下量子通信信道性能的影响

海洋矿物质颗粒是影响光子在水下传输的重要因素之一.为了研究海洋矿物质颗粒对水下量子通信信道性能的影响,建立了海洋矿物质颗粒群密度、传输距离与链路衰减的关系模型并进行了仿真.针对退极化信道,研究了矿物质颗粒群密度和传输距离与信道容量、信道误码率的关系并进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,当传输距离为50 m时,随着矿物质颗粒群密度的增大,链路衰减由0.098 dB增加到2.92 dB,链路效率由6.2×10-6减小到2.7×10-7.当矿物质颗粒群密度为1.0×104 m-3时,随着传输距离的增加,信道容量由0.97逐渐减小到0.6,误码率呈指数增大.由此可见,消光效应造成的影响在传输过程中不可忽略,在实际通信过程中,应根据环境情况及时调整传输设备的参数,保证通信质量.     

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采用轨道受限运动方法研究了极区夏季中层顶区域的尘埃粒子电荷数与尘埃粒子半径。利用尘埃等离子体充电理论,建立了尘埃粒子充电方程模型,得到尘埃粒子充电时尘埃电荷数和半径的比值。然后结合ECT02实验数据,分析了发生极区中层夏季回波现象时极区中层顶区域尘埃粒子电荷数和半径的比值,并得到尘埃粒子的半径以及尘埃粒子所带电荷量。结果表明,极区中层顶区域的尘埃粒子平均所带电荷不到一个,它的半径约为20nm。     

极区夏季中层顶区域尘埃粒子参数的研究

采用轨道受限运动方法研究了极区夏季中层顶区域的尘埃粒子电荷数与尘埃粒子半径。利用尘埃等离子体充电理论,建立了尘埃粒子充电方程模型,得到尘埃粒子充电时尘埃电荷数和半径的比值。然后结合ECT02实验数据,分析了发生极区中层夏季回波现象时极区中层顶区域尘埃粒子电荷数和半径的比值,并得到尘埃粒子的半径以及尘埃粒子所带电荷量。结果表明,极区中层顶区域的尘埃粒子平均所带电荷不到一个,它的半径约为20nm。     

中层海水水色三要素对水下量子通信性能的影响

为了研究中层海水中水色三要素对水下量子通信性能的影响,首先根据水色三要素的吸收和散射模型,提出了海水中叶绿素浓度、光量子信号波长和水下量子链路衰减的关系;然后针对退极化信道,分析了叶绿素浓度、光量子信号波长与信道容量、信道平均保真度和信道误码率之间的定量关系。仿真结果表明,传输距离为20 m,当叶绿素浓度分别为0.5 mg/m~3和1.5 mg/m~3时,水下量子通信信道容量、信道平均保真度、信道误码率依次分别为0.263 1和0.142 3,0.705 2和0.553,0.037 05和0.029 17.当波长分别为400nm和800nm时,通信信道容量、信道平均保真度、信道误码率依次分别为0.229 1和0.428 3,0.914 2和0.943 7,0.012 36和0.006 87。由此可见,叶绿素浓度和光量子信号波长对水下量子通信性能有显著的影响。应根据对海水水色三要素的探测情况,自适应调整系统的各项参数。     

海洋气泡对水下量子通信性能的影响

随着水下无线通信的发展,关于海洋环境量子通信的研究也逐渐成为热点。其中,研究海洋气泡对光量子在水下传输的影响具有重要意义。为了研究海洋气泡对水下量子通信信道性能的影响,根据海洋气泡的粒径分布模型,研究了气泡的散射特性,并根据气泡的消光系数,分析了不同条件参数对链路衰减、纠缠度、信道容量以及信道误码率的影响,并进行了仿真实验。结果表明：气泡浓度和传输距离的增大,使链路衰减和误码率增加,对于幅值阻尼信道、退极化信道和比特翻转信道,其信道容量均有所减小;随着气泡半径的增大、深度的减小,信道纠缠度降低。由此可见,海洋气泡对量子通信性能的影响不可忽略,在实际应用中为了保障水下量子通信的传输效率,应适当调节水下量子通信相关参数,减小海洋气泡环境对通信系统的影响。     

基于粒子谱分布的无线紫外光通信散射传输特性研究

在非直视无线紫外光通信中,利用大气中的粒子对紫外光进行散射作用来传递信息,非直视紫外光通信在近距离隐蔽通信中有广阔的应用前景.雾霾粒子属于气溶胶范畴,由空气中的灰尘、硫化物、有机碳氢化合物等粒子组成.雾霾粒子的尺度、浓度、形状等因素均会对无线紫外光散射通信的传输特性产生较大的影响.首先,基于蒙特卡罗方法建立了非直视紫外...     

Dusty photoresonant plasma with coulomb collisions

We have studied the charging of dust particles in a dense photoresonant sodium plasma with electron and ion densities as high as 10¹⁶ cm^?3 produced by laser pumping of the resonance level of Na, which was a small admixture (up to 1%) in an argon buffer gas. We show that the charge of dust particles with a radius of 10 mm at maximum reaches 3 × 10⁵ electron charges and that the potential of the dust particles at a low electron bulk loss rate agrees well with the orbital motion limited (OML) model data. The behavior of the electric field near a dust particle was found to be nonmonotonic. We established that the distribution of the potential near a solitary charged dust particle agrees well with the Debye one, but the screening length proves to be much larger than even the electron Debye length; the discrepancies are largest at the afterglow stage of the photoresonant plasma, when the sodium ion with a low recombination coefficient is the main plasma ion. We determined the domain of parameters for a dense plasma where an ensemble of dust particles can crystallize.     

Nonlinear electrostatic waves in inhomogeneous dense dusty magnetoplasmas

The nonlinear electrostatic drift waves are studied using quantum hydrodynamic model in dusty quantum magnetoplasmas. The dissipative effects due to collisions between ions and dust particles have also been taken into account. The Korteweg-de Vries Burgers (KdVB) like equation is derived and analytical solution is obtained using tanh method. The limiting cases of KdV type solitary waves, Burger type monotonic shock waves and oscillatory shock solutions are also presented. It is found that both hump and dip type solitary structures are possible in quantum dusty plasmas. However, amplitude and width of the nonlinear structure depend on the dust charge polarity and its concentration in electron-ion quantum plasmas. The monotonic shock like structure is independent of the quantum parameter. It is found that shock strength is increased in the presence of positively charged particles in comparison with negatively charged dust particles. The oscillatory shock structures are also obtained and it is found that change in dust charge polarity only shifts the phase of the oscillatory shock in plasmas. The numerical results are also presented for illustration.     

Die Verteilung der natürlichen Radioaktivität auf das Größenspektrum des natürlichen Aerosols

The apparatus described allows to measure the distribution of natural radioactivity on aerosol particles. Careful measures were taken that the aerosol concentration and its size spectrum were not altered before being examined. To increase the accuracy of the measurements the natural aerosol was charged with thoron decay products. The resulting electric charge-distribution by ion diffusion on dust particles is known, therefore the radii of these particles could be calculated by mobility measurements. By means of the law, governing attachment of emanation decay products on dust particles — as derived byLassen orWieser andStierstadt (afterBricard), it is possible to calculate the size spectrum of natural aerosol from the measured activity spectrum. Until now we have onlyion spectra for the range of size 6×10^?7 to 10^?5 cm. With the quoted apparatus however it is possible to measure thesize spectrum of natural aerosol. So we have a simple size-spectrometer, that covers a large range of particles. Among other things can be deduced from these measurements, that the natural radioactivity of air is attached to particles of radii from 10^?6 up to 10^?5cm, — the main part of the activity being carried by aerosols with radii between 4 and 6×10^?6cm. From the calculated aerosol spectrum (r from 6×10^?7 to 10^?5 cm) follows a mean particle radius ofr=2,5×10^?6cm at a particle concentration of 3×10⁴cm^?3.     

Bipolar charging of dust particles under ultraviolet radiation

The photoemission charging of dust particles under ultraviolet radiation from a xenon lamp has been investigated. The velocities of yttrium dust particles with a work function of 3.3 eV and their charges have been determined experimentally; the latter are about 400–500 and about 100 elementary charges per micron of radius for the positively and negatively charged fractions, respectively. The dust particle charging and the dust cloud evolution in a photoemission cell after exposure to an ultraviolet radiation source under the applied voltage have been simulated numerically. The photoemission charging of dust particles has been calculated on the basis of nonlocal and local charging models. Only unipolar particle charging is shown to take place in a system of polydisperse dust particles with the same photoemission efficiency. It has been established that bipolar charging is possible in the case of monodisperse particles with different quantum efficiencies. Polydispersity in this case facilitates the appearance of oppositely charged particles in a photoemission plasma.     

A particle-in-cell simulation of dust charging and shielding in lowpressure glow discharges

The transport of particles (“dust”) in low pressure electrical glow discharges is being studied in regard to its role in contaminating silicon wafers during plasma etching and deposition. Particles (10 s nm-μm) negatively charge in glow discharges and, to first order, appear to be massively large negative ions around which sheaths develop. The forces on particles in plasmas include electrostatic (drift of charged particles in electric fields) and viscous ion drag. The latter force is momentum transfer from ions to particles by either collisions or orbital motion. This force critically depends on the charge on the particle and the shape of the sheath surrounding the particle. In this work, we report on a pseudoparticle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of the transport of electrons and ions in the vicinity of dust particles in low pressure glow discharges. The simulation produces the electrical charge on the dust particle, the sheath structure around the dust particle and the orbital dynamics of the ions. A companion molecular dynamics simulation uses these parameters to produce ion-dust and electron-dust particle cross sections for momentum transfer and collection. Results will be discussed for charge, sheath thickness, cross sections and viscous ion drag forces on dust particles as a function of radius and plasma parameters     

雾霾粒子的紫外光散射特性研究

紫外光与雾霾粒子发生散射后,其散射信道特性能够反映雾霾粒子的相关物理信息,利用无线紫外光单次和多次散射信道模型,采用Mie散射和T矩阵理论分析了霾粒子在不同形态和浓度下的紫外光散射信道特性,以及散射角对散射光强的影响,并完成了紫外光在雾霾环境下的实测。通过理论及仿真分析,得到了不同霾粒子形态下的紫外光通信路径损耗以及光强分布。结果表明：紫外光直视通信方式下,路径损耗随着霾粒子浓度的增大而增大,且通信质量差于晴朗天。非直视通信方式中,在短距离通信时,高霾浓度下的路径损耗小于中低霾浓度,然而随着通信距离的继续增大,高雾霾浓度下的通信质量急剧下降,低霾浓度下通信质量最终达到最优,且距离为200 m时通信质量能优于晴朗环境。当通信距离相同时,三种雾霾浓度下的紫外光散射光强分布均随着散射角的增大而减小,当散射角继续增大并超过90°时,低霾浓度下的散射光强最大。主要原因是虽然散射角继续增大,但是有效散射体体积逐渐减小,因此低霾浓度下的散射光强较大。且当粒子粒径相同时,球形粒子的衰减较非球形粒子大。雾霾环境下实测结果与仿真结果相类似,证明了仿真结果的正确性,并在一定程度上证明了实际大气中雾霾非球形粒子多于球形粒子。     

Resonant scattering of ions on charged dust particles

Resonant scattering ("scattering through waves") of ions on dust particles in plasmas is considered in the framework of the kinetic theory which consistently takes into account ion-dust collisions and dust charge fluctuations. Resonance with low frequency dusty plasma modes can enhance the ion-dust scattering cross section and the ion drag force on dust particles.