干涉成像光谱仪中宽谱段傅氏光学系统设计

设计了一种宽谱段前置光孔远心光学系统,其孔径光阑位于透镜组的焦面上,该设计集宽谱段自动复消色差、长工作距、前置光孔及远心等特点于一体. 讨论了这样一种特殊光组的设计. 选用国产牌号的光学玻璃配对,价格低廉且在校正色差后,自动校正宽谱段二级光谱,并实现了透镜组两侧同时具有长工作距. 设计结果表明,光学系统的残余二级光谱很容易控制在千分之一焦距以内,波面平行差小于0.000 22弧度.     

紫外宽光谱大相对孔径光学系统设计

现有大部分紫外光学镜头的工作带宽较窄,紫外镜头的材料相对较少,镜头的紫外色差校正困难,导致其应用适应性降低。采用负正透镜交叠分布与类双高斯对称式结构形式,并利用熔石英材料和氟化钙材料本身的宽光谱透过性,设计了一种兼具大相对孔径、宽视场和高分辨率的紫外宽光谱光学系统。该系统的工作波长范围为240 nm～360 nm,紫外工作带宽高达120 nm,所有透镜均采用球面透镜,便于加工和检测。在全视场范围内,以中心波长300 nm为参考波长,系统横向色差最大值不超过1个像素,在截止频率50 lp·mm?1处的调制传递函数值优于0.4,并且各个视场的像点弥散斑半径均方根值均优于10 μm。设计结果表明:该紫外宽光谱光学系统的成像性能优良,分辨率高,色差小,满足设计要求。     

大相对孔径紫外成像仪光学系统设计

为解决目前大多数紫外成像仪存在的定位和指向精度差、色差较大、分辨率及光能利用率不足等问题,设计了一款高分辨率的大孔径消色差紫外光学系统。首先,根据电晕放电检测的应用需求,提出了紫外光学系统的总体设计。然后利用熔石英及氟化钙两种材料的不同色散特性,根据改进的双胶合透镜结构设计了一款大孔径的消色差紫外光学系统,并对该系统进行了公差分析。设计的紫外光学系统在全视场全探测范围内点列图均方根直径0.08 mm,分辨率为20 lp/mm,满足电力行业中对电晕探测的需求。     

宽谱段红外消热差光学系统设计

宽谱段红外光学系统可以获取宽谱段的图像信息并增大目标信息获取程度。从红外光学系统的简洁性出发,对红外光学系统进行设计,系统仅由4片球面透镜组成,实现了4.4 m~8.8 m波段清晰成像, F#为2.68,达到了100%的冷光阑效应。采用被动消热差方式通过合理选择镜片材料及公式推导最终实现了各个波段内的消热差,镜筒材料为钛合金,透镜采用硒化锌（ZnSe）,锗（Ge）及硫化锌（ZnS）材料,给出20 lp/mm处系统在各个波段在-40 ℃~60 ℃的工作温度下的调制传递函数（MTF）,以及各个波段下的光学系统畸变值。实验结果表明:设计的宽谱段红外光学系统结构简单,满足设计要求。     

宽视场航空高光谱成像仪光学系统设计

宽视场大相对孔径航空高光谱成像仪已成为航空海洋水色遥感等领域的迫切需求,根据宽视场和大相对孔径的研究目标,采用离轴两镜消像散望远镜和改进型Offner光谱仪匹配的结构型式,设计了一个视场40°、相对孔径1/2.2、工作波段0.4~1.0μm的航空高光谱成像仪光学系统,在传统Offner光谱仪中插入同心弯月透镜来提高Offner光谱仪的相对孔径和成像质量.运用光学设计软件ZEMAX对高光谱成像仪光学系统进行了光线追迹和优化设计,并对设计结构进行了分析.结果表明:光学系统各个波长的光学传递函数在奈奎斯特频率28lp/mm处均达到0.67以上,谱线弯曲和谱带弯曲均小于6.5%像元,便于光谱和辐射定标,完全满足设计指标要求,且体积小、重量轻,适合航空遥感应用.     

长焦距宽波段光学系统二级光谱及畸变——波差法参数求解(续)

本文论述了用波差法求解星模拟器上的光学系统各透镜光焦度和曲率半径的方法。为了校正长焦距、宽谱段光学系统二级光谱与畸变，系统的前后组分别在正逆光路下，各自保留约同值反号的位置色差及球差，用波像差法能较准确的解出其解。     

二元光学超光谱成像仪分光系统设计

二元光学元件用作透镜在原理上色差非常大,若不在设计上做出补偿,则会限制其在宽波段上使用。阐述了利用二元光学元件色散特性的新型超光谱成像仪的基本原理和应用前景。由于国内加工衍射透镜工艺条件的限制,提出利用折衍混合透镜代替衍射透镜来实现色散和成像,介绍了此透镜系统的设计方法,利用光学设计软件进行分析和评估,希望对二元光学超光谱成像仪的设计具有指导意义。     

折射率、色散变化量与宽谱段傅氏镜二级光谱变化量的分析

介绍了宽谱段傅里叶变换镜头中光学玻璃的折射率、色散变化对系统的成像质量的影响.推导了折射率、色散变化量所引起的光学系统二级光谱的变化量公式.重点讨论了在宽谱段光学系统中，光学玻璃在折射率、色散上的变化量，所造成的胶合薄透镜的二级光谱的变化量.其系数在本文例中达0.28，相当于变化量占理论二级光谱余量的28％，因此在宽谱段系统中的二级光谱余量的变化量不应该被忽略.实例表明光学玻璃的折射率、色散变化量对宽谱段傅里叶变换镜头的成像质量有显著的影响.此外，还考虑了傅里叶变换透镜的波像差问题，其设计值小于1/10波长，采用最优玻璃对组合，可以保证波像差小于1/10波长，完全满足使用要求.     

紫外-可见宽光谱显微成像光学系统的设计

 介绍一个紫外-可见宽光谱显微物镜的设计过程。通过改进的PW法求解初始结构参数,确定采用两个分离的正负透镜组组成透射式光学系统,根据光学材料的色散特性,选取正透镜材料为CaF2,负透镜材料为熔石英,通过建立复消色差方程组来分配双分离透镜的光焦度,合理地对两组透镜的偏角进行分配。运用CODE-V光学设计软件对系统进行优化,使系统的位置色差和二级光谱同时得到校正,实现了复消色差。仿真结果表明：系统在整个视场范围内,点列图弥散圆RMS半径值小于5  ,最大视场处的像散为0.058,畸变为0.04 %。     

激光靶心冲击波观测镜折反式光学系统设计

设计了一种激光靶心冲击波观测镜的光学系统.用反射式光学系统代替折射式光学系统,解决了普通玻璃在200 nm端透过率较低的问题.反射镜不引入色差,有利于系统在200~800 nm谱段消色差.为消系统轴外像差,反射系统选型为对称式.反射镜全部采用球面镜,为消反射镜以及平板玻璃窗带入的球差,引入校正镜(材料JGS1),在满足要求的条件下,控制折射镜的厚度,使系统色差满足瑞利判据的色差允差,得到了良好的成像质量.     

Rigorous solution of a problem for a cylindrical cavity containing a ferrite and a dielectric

A rigorous solution is given for modes of TM_nmo type. The complex resonant frequency _n is expressed via a transcendental characteristic equation. Some particular cases are discussed.Read at the Third All-Union Conference on Ferrites, Leningrad, 23 October 1963.     

Towards a predictive scenario of a burning accident in a mining passage

To reveal the inner mechanisms of a combustion accident in a coalmine, the key stages and characteristics of premixed flame front evolution such as the flame shapes, propagation speeds, acceleration rates, run-up distances and flame-generated velocity profiles are scrutinised. The theories of globally spherical, expanding flames and of finger-flame acceleration are combined into a general analytical formulation. Two-dimensional and cylindrical mining passages are studied, with noticeably stronger acceleration found in the cylindrical geometry. The entire acceleration scenario may promote the total burning rate by up to two orders of magnitude, to a near-sonic value. Starting with gaseous combustion, the analysis is subsequently extended to gaseous-dusty environments. Specifically, combustible dust (e.g. coal), inert dust (e.g. sand), and their combination are considered, and the influence of the size and concentration of the dust particles is quantified. In particular, small particles influence flame propagation more than large ones, and flame acceleration increases with the concentration of a combustible dust, until the concentration attains a certain limit.     

Solving a relativistic quasipotential equation for a superposition of a nonlocal separable and a local quasipotential

Within the relativistic quasipotential approach to quantum field theory, a method is developed for solving a finite-difference quasipotential equation for the case where a total quasipotential describing the interaction of two relativistic spinless particles of unequal masses is a superposition of a nonlocal separable and a local quasipotential. The cases are investigated where the local component of the total interaction—it is assumed to be known—either admits or does not admit the existence of bound states. This makes it possible to obtain an exact expression for the increment of the phase shift, to determine the conditions of the existence of bound states, and to give a generalization of the Levinson theorem.     

Tunnelling process between a semiconductor or a metal and a polymer

The tunnelling lifetime of an electron lying in a p-type orbital localised at a given distance from a semiconductor or a metal is calculated by using Bardeen's method. It is then shown that even in the absence of broad bands, the hole injection process from semiconductors and metals into polymers should follow a Fowler-Nordheim dependence, provided that the current is not bulk-limited. In the semiconductor case, the current can be expressed by a fully analytical formula, and by an approximate one in the case of a metal. It is demonstrated that the effective Fowler-Nordheim barrier is not the mere difference between the metal work function or the semiconductor electron affinity and the HOMO level of the polymer, but a simple function of both levels. Received 6 April 2001 and Received in final form 29 May 2001     

Growth of a nonuniform ripple on a Gaussian beam in a plasma

In the present paper we have investigated the growth of a radially symmetrical ripple, superimposed on a Gaussian beam propagating in a plasma. The effect of the position and the width of the ripple on its growth has been studied in some detail. The present analysis considers two mechanisms for the redistribution of carriers in the plasma and the effect of redistribution on the growth of the ripple; the two mechanisms are nonuniform collision dominated heating of the carriers and the ponderomotive force arising on account of nonuniform intensity distribution. Work supported by NSF (USA) and CSIR (India).     

Formation of a bistructure of a solid in a computer experiment

Molecular-dynamics was used to investigate the structural changes occurring in a three-dimensional solid when the solid is transferred from an amorphous into a crystalline state. Crystal cells of a new type — pentadecahedrons with five square lateral faces and ten regular triangular faces at the vertices of a cell — were found for the first time in a computer experiment. It is shown that a bistructure consisting of crystal cells of different types, including cells with five-fold symmetry axes, are stable in the solid. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 1919–1924 (October 1998)