InGaAsSb／AIGaAsSb长波长多量子阱激光器有源区的优化设计

系统地研究了波长为2．7μm的InGaAsSb／AlGaAsSb多量子阱激光器中有源区的优化设计，分别用含应变势的6带KP模型和抛物带模型计算价带和导带的能带结构，并得到薛定谔方程和泊松方程的自洽解，由此计算量子阱在载流子注入时的增益谱，研究表明制约量子阱增益的主要因素不是跃迁矩阵元，而是粒子数反转程度，尤其是空穴填充HHl子带的概率，增加压应变或减小阱宽都会提高量子阱增益，前者降低了价带HHl子带空穴的平面内有效质量；后者拉大了价带子带间距，尽管它同时略微增加了空穴有效质量，这两种因素都导致价带顶空穴态密度的降低，提高了空穴在HHl子带的填充概率，最终提高了量子阱的增益，所得结论与已有的实验报道相符。     

固定波长应变量子阱的设计与比较

针对lnGaAsP材料,我们比较了不同应变与阱宽组合的固定波长应变量子阱特性.压应变下量子阱的应变量越大,阱宽越窄,其能带结构越理想.张应变下主要由于电子与轻空穴的偶极矩阵元比电子与重空穴的大,以及其较大的态密度,使得张应变量子阱的微分增益比压应变和匹配量子阱的大得多.如果固定的张应变量只能使第一子带为LH,第二子带为HH,则存在一个最优的阱宽,阱宽太小不能消除LHI与HH2的耦合,阱宽太大又会带来LH3与HH2的耦合,同样会有不利影响.     

近800nm波长张应变GaAsP/A1GaAs量子阱激光器有源区的设计

张应变GaAs_(1-x)P_x量子阱是高性能大功率半导体激光器的核心有源区,基于能带结构分析优化其结构参数具有重要的应用指导意义.首先,基于6×6 Luttinger-Kohn模型,采用有限差分法计算了张应变GaAs_(1-x)P_x量子阱的能带结构,得到了第一子带间跃迁波长固定为近800 nm时的阱宽-阱组分关系,即随着阱组分x的增加,需同时增大阱宽,且阱宽较大时靠近价带顶的是轻空穴第一子带lh_1,阱宽较小时靠近价带顶的是重空穴第一子带hh_1.计算并分析了导带第一子带c_1到价带子带lh_1和hh_1的跃迁动量矩阵元.针对808 nm量子阱激光器,模拟计算了阈值增益与阱宽的关系,得到大阱宽有利于横磁模激射,小阱宽有利于横电模激射.进一步考虑了自发辐射和俄歇复合之后,模拟计算了808 nm量子阱激光器的阱宽与阈值电流密度的关系,阱宽较大时载流子对高能级子带的填充使得阈值电流密度增加,而阱宽较小时则是低的有源区光限制因子导致阈值电流密度升高,因此存在一最佳的阱宽-阱组分组合,可使阈值电流密度达到最小.本文的模拟结果可对张应变GaAs_(1-x)P_x量子阱激光器的理论分析和结构设计提供理论指导.     

δ-掺杂受主的扩散对GaAs/AlAs量子阱子带的影响（英文）

在15 nm GaAs/5 nm AlAs单量子阱的GaAs阱层中间,分别进行不同浓度剂量的铍受主的δ-掺杂。铍受主在量子阱层中的扩散浓度分布,由扩散方程数值解出。高温下扩散在GaAs阱层中的Be受主将发生电离,成为带负电荷的受主离子,同时也向量子阱价带的子带中引入空穴。带负电荷的扩散受主离子和价带子带中的空穴,它们都是带电粒子在GaAs阱层中按库伦定律激发电场。相比较而言,对于无掺杂同结构量子阱,在空穴的薛定谔中增加了一个额外的微扰势,从而使无掺杂的量子阱价带的子带有所改变。在有效质量和包络函数近似下,通过循环迭代方法,数值求解了既满足薛定谔方程又满足泊松方程的空穴波函数,找出了自洽、收敛的空穴子带的能量本征值。计算发现考虑到这种额外微扰势,重空穴基态子带hh的能量有一个电子伏特变化,并且随着掺杂受主剂量的增加,重空穴基态子带hh向着价带顶红移,计算结果与实验测量符合得很好。     

近800 nm波长张应变GaAsP/AlGaAs量子阱激光器有源区的设计

张应变GaAs_1-xP_x量子阱是高性能大功率半导体激光器的核心有源区,基于能带结构分析优化其结构参数具有重要的应用指导意义.首先,基于6×6 Luttinger-Kohn模型,采用有限差分法计算了张应变GaAs_1-xP_x量子阱的能带结构,得到了第一子带间跃迁波长固定为近800 nm时的阱宽-阱组分关系,即随着阱组分x的增加,需同时增大阱宽,且阱宽较大时靠近价带顶的是轻空穴第一子带lh₁,阱宽较小时靠近价带顶的是重空穴第一子带hh₁.计算并分析了导带第一子带c₁到价带子带lh₁和hh₁的跃迁动量矩阵元.针对808 nm量子阱激光器,模拟计算了阈值增益与阱宽的关系,得到大阱宽有利于横磁模激射,小阱宽有利于横电模激射.进一步考虑了自发辐射和俄歇复合之后,模拟计算了808 nm量子阱激光器的阱宽与阈值电流密度的关系,阱宽较大时载流子对高能级子带的填充使得阈值电流密度增加,而阱宽较小时则是低的有源区光限制因子导致阈值电流密度升高,因此存在一最佳的阱宽-阱组分组合,可使阈值电流密度达到最小.本文的模拟结果可对张应变GaAs_1-xP_x量子阱激光器的理论分析和结构设计提供理论指导.     

光抽运半导体激光器增益特性研究

以InGaAs/GaAs应变量子阱材料为例,介绍了考虑能带及波函数的混合效应的6×6Luttinger-Kohn哈密顿量,提出用有限差分法求解含Luttinger-Kohn哈密顿量的有效质量方程,数值模拟得到导带和价带的能带结构,计算应变量子阱的跃迁矩阵元,进而用Lorentzian线形函数计算材料增益。讨论了量子阱阱宽、注入载流子浓度、温度等因素对量子阱材料增益的影响。计算结果表明,压应变使得量子阱有效带隙增大,降低了材料增益的透明电流密度,继而降低器件的阈值,改善器件的输出特性;增益峰值波长和发射波长之间合适的偏差,会使光抽运半导体激光器的阈值电流和工作电流随温度有较小的变化。     

941nm大功率应变单量子阱激光器的波长设计

从薛定谔方程出发推导了阶梯形有限深应变单量子阱中的特征值方程，研究了台阶宽度对激射波长、电子第一子能级、空穴第一子能级的影响以及空穴第一子能级对激射波长的影响，计算结果表明当有源区In组分较大时，不能忽略空穴第一子能级对激射波长的影响.该模型计算结果与实验值相吻合. 关键词： 薛定谔方程 有限深势阱 应变量子阱 特征值方程     

(001)和(111)取向的张应变量子阱光学特性的比较

以(001)和(111)价带Lutinger-Kohn哈密顿量为基础,讨论了这两种取向的量子阱的能带结构、态密度(DOS)、跃迁矩阵元和增益特性。由于材料结构的各向异性,(111)取向的量子阱在平行生长面内有较小的重空穴有效质量,无应变和压应变激光器可以很好地利用这一点。而(001)取向的量子阱虽有较小的平面内轻空穴有效质量,但并不比(111)量子阱的小多少;加上(001)量子阱的价带耦合效应强,使其DOS比(111)量子阱的大,在相同载流子注入下,张应变(111)量子阱的增益系数比相应(001)量子阱的要高。所以张应变(111)量子阱激光器仍然比相应的(001)量子阱激光器性能要好。可以认为匹配和压应变的(111)激光器优异的性能不仅来自小的面内有效质量,也来自于弱的价带耦合效应。     

InxGa1-xAs/GaAs量子阱应变量对变温光致发光谱的影响

利用变温光致发光(PL)研究了In0.182Ga0.818As/GaAs应变及应变补偿量子阱在77～300 K温度范围内的发光特性.随着温度T的升高,PL峰位向低能方向移动.在应力作用下In0.182Ga0.818As/GaAs量子阱的价带顶轻空穴带和重空穴带发生了劈裂.通过理论计算推导应变随温度变化对InxGa1-x...     

p型GexSi1-x/Si多量子阱的红外吸收及其分析

通过测量GeSi多量子阱的红外谱，同时观察到了相应于量子阱内重空穴基态HH1到重空穴激发态HH1、轻空穴激发态LH1和自旋分裂带SO及连续态间的跃迁吸收．测量了GeSi多量子阱探测器的正入射光电流谱，看到了明显的光响应峰．理论计算中计及了轻、重和自旋分裂带间的耦合及能带的非抛物性，并自洽考虑了哈特里势和交换相关势．与实验结果比较，认为带之间的耦合，使子带间的跃迁情况变得复杂，是正入射吸收产生的原因 关键词：     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.