基于PASCO转动运动传感器测量刚体转动惯量

PASCO转动运动传感器可以精准地测量并实时地记录物体转动时的角速度。在落体法测量刚体转动惯量的实验中，为了提高实验的精度，将PASCO转动运动传感器与刚体转动惯量实验仪相结合，用PASCO转动运动传感器直接测量角速度并计算角加速度。改进后的仪器简化了实验步骤，提高了实验精度。对圆盘、圆环和圆柱试样的转动惯量进行测量，三组实验的相对误差分别为0.2%、0.7%和0.3%,实验结果准确。通过实验结果可得，改进后的实验仪器操作简单且测量精度很高。     

基于双CCD的大型轴类零件直径非接触检测方法研究

针对重型机械工业生产中对大型轴类零件外径测量的需求,基于双CCD传感器测量原理研究了一种新型高效率、高精度的轴径检测方法。介绍了CCD测径系统的检测原理,针对单一CCD传感器测量范围小的缺点,提出了双CCD传感器组合测量大型轴类零件直径(Φ150mm~Φ300mm)的方法,并对影响精度的主要误差来源进行了分析。为了验证该方法的有效性,通过对7种不同直径的标准轴件进行测量,实验表明,测量精度小于±3μm,满足大型轴类零件外径测量的要求。     

眼镜、放大镜、显微镜、望远镜

提出了一种采用光学投影成像和自扫描光电二极管列阵(SSPA)传感器实现隐形眼镜曲率、光学中心厚度和直径测量的新方法,基于此方法设计成功了一种新型隐形眼镜投影测量仪。介绍了仪器的测量原理、仪器结构、光电二极管列阵信号采集以及单片机控制系统的硬件和软件设计。该测量仪测量镜片曲率半径的精度优于士0.1 mm,测量镜片光学中心厚度的     

基于霍尔位置传感器的梁弯曲法测量杨氏模量实验的改进

针对利用霍尔位置传感器的弯曲法测量杨氏模量实验中装置不稳定、不易操作、测量误差大的问题,分析了误差产生的仪器原因和理论原因,通过锁定刀口提高系统的稳定性和运用CCD成像技术进行霍尔位置传感器定标对仪器进行改进,显著提高了实验结果的精度,并有效改善了实验的环境。     

微幅摆重力加速度仪的设计

微幅摆重力加速度仪采用容栅尺位移传感器测量摆长变化量,提高了测量精度,避免了摆球尺寸及重心偏移量的影响,微摆幅设计与高精度的计时装置,能使该仪器更准确地测量单摆的摆动周期,提高重力加速度的测量精度.     

落球法液体粘滞系数测定仪的改造研究

将两种测量液体粘滞系数的原理进行了介绍,对利用这两种原理测量液体粘滞系数的仪器进行了改造,将两者组合为一套仪器,实现了一套仪器两种方法测量液体粘滞系数的构想,并提高了利用多管法原理仪器的测量精度。     

气体放电等离子体参数测量仪的优化和改进

气体放电等离子体参数的研究实验是近代物理实验教学大纲基本要求的实验,该实验仪器存在很多问题,如放电不稳定,无法准确读取实验数据,复杂的数据处理过程等。对气体放电等离子体参数测量仪进行改造,制备封闭的稳定的放电管,改进测量电路,对仪器外观重新优化设计。从而改善实验测量的精度与准确度,提高实验效率,并能拓展实验内容。     

自制组合游标刻度尺实现非接触法测距

介绍了一种利用游标卡尺和游标角度尺所组合成的新型器具进行非接触法距离的测量，从理论上和实际操作上对仪器可能达到的精度和产生的误差，以及如何减少误差提高精度进行了分析和描述。     

YSML-2015型 引伸计法杨氏模量测定仪

正YSML-2015型引伸计法杨氏模量测定仪(高精度数显式),是供各个大学物理教学实验中心使用的一种新型教学仪器,通过该仪器可以准确测定金属丝的杨氏模量。该仪器测量精度≤1%,满足国家标准GB/T228.1-2010《金属材料拉伸试验第一部分:室温试验方法》的要求。该仪器采用拉力传感器,变型传感器(引伸计)和高精度测量数显表组成,可对金属丝拉力和变形伸长量数显直接读数。测量数据直观方便,准确性好,重复性好,可靠性高。与教科书中常见金属的杨氏模量标准数据保持一致。     

助视光学仪器消视差调节的检查

物理实验中,作角度、距离、微小长度……的测量时,常用望远镜、读数显微镜等助视光学仪器。为了对准和测量,这类光学仪器的镜筒上,装着刻有十字线(或标尺)的分划板。人所共知,测量前应先调焦,使通过目镜能看到被测物的清晰象,为提高测量精度,物镜所成的象应和十字线(或标尺)准确共面。初次使用助视光学仪器的学生,调节清晰的象并不难做到,但共面无视差的调节则     

Theoretical analysis of 2D acceleration laser sensor and several design parameters

Having adopted several sets of new technology and techniques, we have developed a new type of laser angle sensor that can be used to measure two-dimensional (2D) angle of moving target. On this basis, a new design for 2D acceleration laser sensor has been advanced. The optics-type sensor can be used to measure 2D acceleration of motion object, and it has high sensitivity, high precision and longer measuring range. Under these design parameters that are given in this paper, the measuring range will achieve 177 g, while its sensitivity is 13.5 s². The experimental results show that the measuring error is not greater than 0.1 g. In this paper, several design parameters and measuring results for 2D acceleration laser sensor are given.     

光电准直经纬仪的测量控制系统

测量控制系统是光电自准直经纬仪的核心部分,它直接影响了经纬仪测量失准角的精度.本文介绍了一种用于地面瞄准系统的经纬仪测量控制系统,该系统采用CCD作为光电传感器,通过一系列的信号处理及测量来求出图象落在CCD靶面的中心点,根据设定的数学模型求出失准角,从而完成自准直经纬仪系统的自动测出失准角的功能.     

最大气泡压力法测液体表面张力系数的改进

对最大气泡压力法测定液体表面张力系数的实验原理、方法及仪器进行了研究,提出用螺旋活塞定量加压控制气泡的生成速度;用扩散硅气体压力传感器测量压强,测得值数字显示;用双毛细管制作实验探头,消除了毛细管插入液体一定深度产生的静压强及待测液体密度等对计算液体表面张力系数的影响,提高了液体表面张力系数的测量速度和精度.     

Theoretical analysis of 2D laser angle sensor and several design parameters

Having adopted several sets of new technology and techniques, such as cube-corner prism of higher refractive index, orthogonal holographic grating, non-linear compensation, and fringe fractionization, etc., we have developed a new type of laser angle sensor that can be used to measure two-dimensional angle of moving target. The sensor has high sensitivity, high precision and longer measuring range compared with the original sensor, and its measuring range will achieve ±35°, while its minimum resolution angle is 0.004°. The experimental results show that the measuring error is not greater than ±0.01°. In this paper, several design parameters and measuring results for 2D laser angle sensor are given.     

The autostigmatic microscope

The autostigmatic microscope is an instrument for measuring the line-of-sight distance to a reflecting surface and is used chiefly to measure the radii of lens surfaces. Special techniques can increase considerably its precision and its freedom from scattered light.     

What are the instrumentation requirements for measuring the isotopic composition of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 using eddy covariance methods?

Better quantification of isotope ratios of atmosphere-ecosystem exchange of CO2 could substantially improve our ability to probe underlying physiological and ecological mechanisms controlling ecosystem carbon exchange, but the ability to make long-term continuous measurements of isotope ratios of exchange fluxes has been limited by measurement difficulties. In particular, direct eddy covariance methods have not yet been used for measuring the isotopic composition of ecosystem fluxes. In this article, we explore the feasibility of such measurements by (a) proposing a general criterion for judging whether a sensor's performance is sufficient for making such measurements (the criterion is met when the contribution of sensor error to the flux measurement error is comparable to or less than the contribution of meteorological noise inherently associated with turbulence flux measurements); (b) using data-based numerical simulations to quantify the level of sensor precision and stability required to meet this criterion for making direct eddy covariance measurements of the 13C/12C ratio of CO2 fluxes above a specific ecosystem (a mid-latitude temperate forest in central Massachusetts, USA); (c) testing whether the performance of a new sensor-a prototype pulsed quantum cascade laser (QCL) based isotope-ratio absorption spectrometer (and plausible improvements thereon)-is sufficient for meeting the criterion in this ecosystem. We found that the error contribution from a prototype sensor (approximately 0.2 per thousand, 1 SD of 10 s integrations) to total isoflux measurement error was comparable to (1.5 to 2x) the irreducible 'meteorological' noise inherently associated with turbulent flux measurements above this ecosystem (daytime measurement error SD of approximately 60% of flux versus meteorological noise of 30-40% for instantaneous half-hour fluxes). Our analysis also shows that plausible instrument improvements (increase of sensor precision to approximately 0.1 per thousand, 1 SD of 10 s integrations, and increased sensor stability during the half-hour needed to integrate eddy covariance measurements) should decrease the contribution of sensor error to the point where it is less than the contribution from meteorological noise. This suggests that new sensors using QCL-based isotope ratio absorption spectroscopy should make continuous long-term observations of the isotopic composition of CO2 fluxes via eddy covariance methods feasible.     

光栅传感器在弹簧测试仪中的应用

用弹簧测试仪对弹簧的特性进行测试和控制是保证产品质量的重要措施。弹簧测试仪由测试工作台和测试系统组成,工作台采用组合式结构,测试系统采用主从式结构,主机和从机之间通过RS-232串口实现通讯。采用应变式力传感器和光栅传感器分别对弹簧力和弹簧变形进行了测量。应用虚拟仪器技术对系统进行了设计,采用了多种软、硬件相结合的抗干扰措施。结果表明,研制的弹簧测试仪具有操作方便、人机交互友好、速度快、测试精度高、性能稳定等特点。     

具有复合式法珀腔的光纤压力传感器的解调

对由三个反射面构成的复合式法珀腔的光纤法珀压力传感器进行了输出光谱理论分析,提取了含有传感器腔长信息的包络.提出了基于干涉级次拟合的解调算法,仿真分析了传感法珀腔腔长范围为160～215μm的光谱信号.结果显示,在不同信噪比下,基于干涉级次拟合的算法可获得较好的测量准确度,同一信噪比下,该准确度不依赖腔长变化,也不依赖光谱解调波长分辨率变化.实验结果表明,基于干涉级次拟合结果曲线残差的均方根差为0.012μm,验证了该算法的有效性.     

微型水深传感器在智能导盲仪中的应用

基于DSP处理器,利用超声波传感器、温度传感器、微型水深传感器,设计了一款智能导盲仪,该导盲仪具有测距、测积水深度、测温、智能求救等功能,并具有语音播报、夜晚警戒灯等感知与提示功能。本文重点阐述微型水深传感器在此导盲仪中的应用,实验结果证明,该微型水深传感器能够有效测量路面积水深度,检测精度高,为盲人雨天出行提供安全保障。     

大功率LED温度特性测量仪

用半导体加热/致冷芯片对LED恒温,用贴片式pt100作温度传感器,用具有人眼视觉特性的可见光亮度传感器组成光强探测器,研制了一种大功率LED温度特性测量仪.用该测量仪测量了1W白光LED在恒流和恒压驱动下光强、发光效率等参数的温度特性.实验表明,该测量仪恒温快,测量准确,成本低,操作便捷.