Lewis acid-base surface interaction of some boron compounds with N-doped graphene; first principles study

We studied density functional theory (DFT) calculations in terms of energetic and electronic properties toward adsorption of some boron compounds (B(OCH₃)₃, BF₃ and BC1₃) on the surface of pristine as well as N-doped graphene using WB97XD/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory. The net charge transfer of mentioned molecules on the surface of pristine and N-doped graphene was calculated with above-mentioned basis set using natural bond orbital and Mulliken charge analysis during complex formation. The computed dipole moment shows when above-mentioned molecules approach to the surface of N-doped graphene, the amount of the dielectric (μD) will change depending on the kind of molecule. Our calculations reveal that N-doped graphene system has much higher adsorption energy, higher net charge transfer value than pristine graphene due to Lewis acid-base interaction. Comparing B(OCH₃)₃ as an organic boron derivative with boron trihalides (BF₃ and BCl₃), the Lewis acidity increases in the order of BF₃ < BC1₃< B(OCH₃)₃ with adsorption energies (E_ads) of −8.7, −18.3 and −26.5 kJ/mol (BSSE) respectively, while low adsorption energies were calculated on pristine graphene for mentioned molecules.     

基于密度泛函理论研究掺杂Pd石墨烯吸附O2及CO

基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论研究了单个O₂和CO气体分子吸附于本征石墨烯和掺杂钯(Pd)的石墨烯的体系, 通过石墨烯掺Pd前后气体分子的吸附能、电荷转移及能带和态密度的计算, 发现掺Pd后气体分子吸附能和电荷转移显著增大, 这是由于Pd的掺杂, 在本征石墨烯能带中引入了杂质能级, 增强了石墨烯和吸附气体分子间的相互作用; 氧化性气体O₂和还原性气体CO吸附对石墨烯体系能带结构和态密度的影响明显不同, 本征石墨烯吸附O₂后, 费米能级附近态密度变大, 掺Pd后在一定程度变小; 吸附还原性的CO后, 石墨烯费米能级附近态密度几乎没有改变, 表明掺杂Pd不会影响石墨烯对CO的气体灵敏度, 但由于CO对石墨烯的吸附能增大, 可以提高石墨烯对还原性气体的气敏响应速度.     

氮掺杂的石墨烯作为钠离子电池负极材料的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了本征石墨烯、氮掺杂的石墨烯和叽咯石墨烯吸附钠原子的电荷密度、吸附能、态密度和储存量.结果表明,三种石墨烯中,钠原子的最佳吸附位置为H位.与本征石墨烯相比,氮掺杂的石墨烯对钠原子的吸附能提高,叽咯石墨烯对钠原子的吸附能是-3.274 eV,约为本征石墨烯对钠原子吸附能的1.7倍.钠原子与叽咯石墨烯中的氮原子发生轨道杂化,而与本征石墨烯和氮掺杂的石墨烯没有发生轨道杂化现象.叽咯石墨烯能够吸附10个钠原子,与本征石墨烯相比显著提高,氮掺杂的石墨烯只能吸附4个钠原子.因此,叽咯石墨烯有望成为一种潜在的储钠材料.     

缺陷对钠在石墨烯上吸附性能的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了本征石墨烯和缺陷石墨烯吸附钠原子的电荷密度、吸附能、态密度和储存量.结果表明,本征石墨烯中,钠原子的最佳吸附位置为H位,缺陷石墨烯中,钠原子的最佳吸附位置为T_D位.缺陷石墨烯对钠原子的吸附能是-4.423 eV,约为本征石墨烯对钠原子吸附能的2.5倍;钠原子与缺陷石墨烯中的碳原子发生轨道杂化,而与本征石墨烯没有发生轨道杂化现象.缺陷石墨烯能够吸附10个钠原子,与本征石墨烯相比显著提高.因此,缺陷石墨烯有望成为一种潜在的储钠材料.     

钠在空位石墨烯上吸附性能的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了本征石墨烯和空位石墨烯吸附钠原子的电荷密度、吸附能、态密度和储存量.结果表明,在两种石墨烯中,钠原子的最佳吸附位置都为H位.空位石墨烯对钠原子的吸附能是-2. 46 eV,约为本征石墨烯对钠原子吸附能的3. 4倍;钠原子与空位石墨烯中的碳原子发生轨道杂化,而与本征石墨烯没发生轨道杂化现象.存在一个空位的石墨烯能够吸附5个钠原子,与本征石墨烯相比显著提高.因此,空位石墨烯有望成为一种潜在的储钠材料.     

Na在B掺杂的空位石墨烯上吸附性能的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了本征石墨烯和B掺杂的空位石墨烯吸附Na原子的电荷密度、吸附能、态密度、储存量以及电极电压.结果表明,两种石墨烯中,Na原子的最佳吸附位置都是H位.B掺杂的空位石墨烯对Na原子的吸附能是-2.08 eV,比本征石墨烯对Na原子的吸附能(-0.71eV)低很多.B掺杂的空位石墨烯中Na原子与B原子发生轨道杂化,本征石墨烯中没有杂化现象.B掺杂的空位石墨烯能够吸附12个Na原子,较本征石墨烯多.因此,B掺杂的空位石墨烯更适合储钠.     

Molecular orbital study of the chemisorption of carbon monoxide on a tungsten (100) surface

The adsorption energies of carbon monoxide chemisorbed at various sites on a tungsten (100) surface have been calculated by extended Hückel molecular orbital theory (EHMO). The concept of a “surface molecule” in which CO is bonded to an array of tungsten atoms W_n has been employed. Dissociative adsorption in which C occupies a four-fold, five-coordination site and O occupies either a four- or two-fold site has been found to be the most stable form for CO on a W surface. Stable one-fold and two-fold sites of molecularly adsorbed CO have also been found in which the CO group is normal to the surface plane and the C atom is nearest the surface. Adsorption energies and molecular orbitals for the stable molecularly and dissociatively adsobred CO sites are compared with the experimental data on various types of adsorbed CO, i.e., virgin-, α-, and β-CO. Models are suggested for each of these adsorption types. The strongest bonding interactions occur between the CO 5σ orbital and the totally symmetric 5d and 6s orbitals of the W_n cluster. Possible mechanisms for conversion of molecularly adsorbed CO to dissociatively adsorbed CO are proposed and the corresponding activation energies are estimated.     

Adsorption of H2S at Stone–Wales defects of graphene-like BC3: a computational study

We employed density functional theory to characterise H₂S adsorption, and dissociation on the pristine and Stone–Wales (SW) defected BC₃ graphenes. H₂S is predicted to be weakly adsorbed on the pristine graphene with the adsorption energy of about 7.11 kcal/mol. Two types of SW defects were generated by rotating a C–C bond (SW-CC) or a B–C bond (SW-BC) by about 90°. We predict that, in contrast to SW-BC, dehydrogenation of H₂S is energetically more favourable on the SW-CC compared to the associative adsorption. It is also found that SW-CC formation is more favourable than the formation of SW-BC. Molecular adsorption of H₂S on both of the SW defected sheets is more favourable than that on the pristine sheet. The preferable adsorption process on the SW-BC and SW-CC defected graphene sheets is via associative and dissociative mechanisms, respectively. Furthermore, the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap of the SW-BC defected sheet is highly sensitive to the adsorption process which may be used for the detection of H₂S.     

掺杂石墨烯吸附特性的第一性原理研究

利用第一性原理方法研究了一氧化碳分子在本征和硼、氮、铝、磷掺杂的有限尺寸石墨烯上的吸附机理.结果表明,石墨烯作为一氧化碳传感器时的性能依赖于掺杂元素.本征、硼和氮掺杂石墨烯吸附一氧化碳时的吸附能较低,为物理吸附.铝、磷掺杂石墨烯的吸附能显著提高,比本征、硼和氮掺杂时高出约一个数量级,且铝和磷原子从石墨烯中突出,使其发生局部弯曲.铝掺杂石墨烯增强了石墨烯与一氧化碳分子之间的相互作用,可以提高石墨烯的气敏性和吸附能力,是一氧化碳传感器的最佳候选材料之一.     

掺杂石墨烯改善环氧树脂机械性能和抗腐蚀性能的机理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了本征石墨烯和掺杂石墨烯对环氧树脂的吸附行为.主要研究了四种石墨烯:本征石墨烯(P-graphene)、B掺杂的石墨烯(B-graphene)、N掺杂的石墨烯(N-graphene)和O掺杂的石墨烯(O-graphene).结果表明,O掺杂有利于降低石墨烯对环氧树脂的吸附能.从电子结构上看,O掺杂的石墨烯与环氧树脂发生轨道杂化,且二者的电荷密度明显重叠,说明O掺杂的石墨烯与环氧树脂的相容性好.因此,在环氧树脂涂层中加入O掺杂的石墨烯有望成为一种提高环氧树脂涂层机械性能和抗腐蚀性能的方法 .     

B、N掺杂对钠在石墨烯上吸附性能的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了本征石墨烯及缺陷石墨烯对Na原子的吸附行为。主要研究了三种石墨烯：本征石墨烯、B掺杂的石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯。结果表明,与本征石墨烯相比,B掺杂的石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯在吸附能、电荷密度、态密度和储钠量方面表现出很大的差异。B掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附能是-1.93 eV,约为本征石墨烯对Na原子吸附能的2.7倍;与本征石墨烯相比,N掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附能明显增大。态密度计算结果表明,Na原子与B掺杂的石墨烯中的B原子发生轨道杂化,而本征石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯中不存在轨道杂化现象。B掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附量是3个,与本征石墨烯相比显著提高。因此,B掺杂的石墨烯有望成为一种新型的储钠材料。     

B、N掺杂对钠在石墨烯上吸附性能的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了本征石墨烯及缺陷石墨烯对Na原子的吸附行为.主要研究了三种石墨烯:本征石墨烯、B掺杂的石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯.结果表明,与本征石墨烯相比,B掺杂的石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯在吸附能、电荷密度、态密度和储钠量方面表现出很大的差异.B掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附能是-1.93 e V,约为本征石墨烯对Na原子吸附能的2.7倍;与本征石墨烯相比,N掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附能明显增大.态密度计算结果表明,Na原子与B掺杂的石墨烯中的B原子发生轨道杂化,而本征石墨烯和N掺杂的石墨烯中不存在轨道杂化现象.B掺杂的石墨烯对Na原子的吸附量是3个,与本征石墨烯相比显著提高.因此,B掺杂的石墨烯有望成为一种新型的储钠材料.     

Adsorption configurations of carbon monoxide on gold monolayer supported by graphene or monolayer hexagonal boron nitride: a first-principles study

Using density functional theory with a semiempirical van der Waals approach proposed by Grimme, the adsorption behavior of carbon monoxide on a gold monolayer supported by graphene or monolayer hexagonal boron nitride has been investigated. Based on the changes in the Dirac cone of graphene and a Bader charge analysis, we observe that the Au(111) monolayer gains a small charge from graphene and monolayer h-BN. The adsorbed CO molecule adopts similar adsorption configurations on Au(111)/graphene and Au(111)/h-BN with Au-C distance 2.17?2.50 Å and Au-C-O angle of 123.9°–139.6°. Moreover, we found that for low CO coverages, bonding to the gold surface is surprisingly energy-favorable. Yet the CO adsorption binding energy diminishes at high coverage due to the repulsive van der Waals interactions between CO molecules.     

Acetone Adsorption on Pristine and Pt-doped Graphene: A First-Principles vdW-DF Study

Using van der Waals corrected density functional theory (vdW-DF) method we have investigated the adsorption of acetone molecule on pristine and Pt-doped graphene. Several active sites for both the interacting systems have been considered in the adsorption process including full geometry optimization. We have analyzed the structural and electrical properties of energetically favorable configurations. The results show that adsorption of acetone molecule on the Pt-doped graphene is energetically preferable. The binding energy and bonding distance are determined to be -5.277 eV and 2.206 Å, respectively, accompanying with charge transfer of 1.11 e. Furthermore, the Pt-O bond is rather significantly elongated when acetone is adsorbed on Pt-doped graphene. Compared to pristine graphene, the Pt-doped graphene has stronger interaction with the acetone and may provide more sensitive signal for a single acetone molecule. Meanwhile, practically, the band gap of Pt-doped graphene would become reduced after acetone adsorption. Consequently, our first-principles study presents evidence for a coherent benchmark for the applicability of Pt-doped graphene for acetone adsorption and detection.     

A density functional theory study on the adsorption of CO and O2 on Cu-terminated Cu2O （111） surface

The adsorptions of CO and 02 molecules individually on the stoichiometric Cu-terminatcd Cu20 （111） surface are investigated by first-principles calculations on the basis of the density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the CO molecule preferably coordinates to the Cu2 site through its C atom with an adsorption energy of-1.69 eV, whereas the 02 molecule is most stably adsorbed in a tilt type with one O atom coordinating to the Cu2 site and the other O atom coordinating to the Cul site, and has an adsorption energy of -1.97 eV. From the analysis of density of states, it is observed that Cu 3d transfers electrons to 2π orbital of the CO molecule and the highest occupied 5σ orbital of the CO molecule transfers electrons to the substrate. The sharp band of Cu 4s is delocalized when compared to that before the CO molecule adsorption, and overlaps substantially with bands of the adsorbed CO molecule. There is a broadening of the 2π orbital of the 02 molecule because of its overlapping with the Cu 3d orbital, indicating that strong 3d-2π interactions are involved in the chemisorption of the 02 molecule on the surface.     

Density functional theory study on the adsorption of alkali metal ions with pristine and defected graphene sheet

The graphene-based materials along with the adsorption of alkali metal ions are suitable for energy conversion and storage applications. Hence in the present work, we have investigated the structural and electronic properties of pristine and defected graphene sheet upon the adsorption of alkali metal ions (Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The presence of vacancies or vacancy defects enhances the adsorption of alkali ions than the pristine sheet. From the obtained results, it is found that the adsorption energy of Li⁺ on the vacancies defected graphene sheet is higher (3.05?eV) than the pristine (2.41?eV) and Stone–Wales (2.50?eV) defected sheets. Moreover, the pore radius of the pristine and defected graphene sheets are less affected by metal ions adsorption. The increase in energy gap upon the adsorption of metal ions is found to be high in the vacancy defected graphene than that of other sheets. The metal ions adsorption in the defective vacancy sheets has high charge transfer from metal ions to the graphene sheet. The bonding characteristic between the metal ions and graphene sheet are analysed using QTAIM analysis. The influence of alkali ions on the electronic properties of the graphene sheet is examined from the Total Density of States (TDOS) and Partial Density of States (PDOS).     

第一性原理研究气体小分子吸附的石墨烯负载金属原子体系

石墨烯负载的单个金属原子体系(M-gra)具有高的结构稳定性,显正电性的金属原子可作为活性位用在气敏器件和催化材料.本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究单个有毒气体小分子(NO和CO)在M-gra表面的吸附特性.研究结果表明:单个NO分子吸附的稳定性高于CO分子,由于其能够从反应衬底获得更多的转移电荷,因此,M-gra衬底对NO分子表现出高的灵敏度.此外,不同小分子吸附能够改变M-gra体系的电荷密度和自旋电荷分布,进而使得气体分子吸附体系表现出不同大小的磁矩.通过对比气体分子吸附前后M-gra体系的磁矩变化,能够有效判断吸附分子和反应衬底的类型.     

Sulfur dioxide adsorbed on graphene and heteroatom-doped graphene: a first-principles study

The adsorption of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) on intrinsic graphene and heteroatom-doped (B, N, Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Ag, Au, and Pt) graphene samples was theoretically studied using first-principles approach based on density functional theory to exploit their potential applications as SO₂ gas sensors. The structural and electronic properties of the graphene-molecule adsorption adducts are strongly dependent on the dopants. SO₂ molecule is adsorbed weakly on intrinsic graphene, and B-, N-doped graphene; in general, strong chemisorption is observed on Al-, Si-, Cr-, Mn-, Ag-, Au-, and Pt-doped graphene. The adsorption mechanisms are discussed from charge transfers and density of states. This work reveals that the sensitivity of graphene-based chemical gas sensors for SO₂ can be drastically improved by introducing appropriate dopant, and Cr, as well as Mn, may be the best choices among all the dopants.     

First-principles perspectives on detection properties of sulphur mustard gas using novel electroresistive ϵ-Arsenene nanosheet device

ABSTRACT

The feasibility of using ?-Arsenene (?-As) nanosheet device to detect the target vapour, 2-chloroethyl chloromethyl sulphide (one of sulphur mustard gas molecule) is investigated in the research by applying density functional theory method. The firm nature of ?-As nanosheet is verified using formation energy, and the electronic features are estimated for the pristine and target vapour adsorbed ?-As sheets. In addition, the adsorption attributes are computed to resolve the most preferred site of target vapour adsorption. Moreover, the transmission and current–voltage characteristics are explored to validate the modification in the resistivity and conductivity of ?-As device upon adsorption of the target vapour. Furthermore, the selectivity of ?-As sheets towards humidity, CO and CO₂ are also studied and ?-As sheets are highly selective to sulphur mustard gas molecules. The properties examined emphasise the employment of ?-As nanosheet molecular device to act as a chemo-sensor towards the target vapour, 2-chloroethyl chloromethyl sulphide.     

PtCu二元金属催化剂抗CO中毒性能的理论研究

基于密度泛函第一性原理研究了M-graphene(M=Pt,Cu,PtCu;graphene:pristine,Stonewales,Single-vacancy graphene)催化剂的抗CO中毒能力.对于纯Pt和纯Cu吸附在石墨烯上时,Pt的吸附能力最强,吸附结构最稳定.当Pt中掺杂Cu后,PtCu二元金属催化剂在石墨烯上的吸附结构的稳定性进一步增强.通过对M-graphene-CO吸附结构的研究,发现以缺陷石墨烯为载体的金属催化剂的抗CO中毒能力优于以原始石墨烯为载体的同种金属催化剂,PtCu二元金属催化剂抗CO中毒能力明显好于纯Pt和纯Cu的抗毒性.因此,缺陷石墨烯载体以及掺杂Cu的PtCu二元金属催化剂,对于提高催化剂的稳定性和抗CO中毒能力起到了重要的作用.