PBT／PC共混体系流变性能与形态结构研究

采用毛细管流交仪测定了ＰＢＴ／ＰＣ共混物的表观粘度、剪切应力，观察了不同共混物组成和不同温度下共混物的流变行为，并借助扫描电镜对共混物和微观形态结构进行分析。结果表明：ＰＢＴ／ＰＣ熔体共混物的流变行为接近假塑性流体．温度对共混物的流变行为影响很大，共混物的熔体粘度在ＰＢＴ／ＰＣ为９０／１０和６０／４０时呈双极值．共混物为两相结构，ＰＣ含量为４－５０％时呈两互锁结构。     

PET／PA66／液晶共聚酯酰胺共混体系的流变性能

采用ＳＥＭ１、热偏光显微研究了聚对苯二甲乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）／聚酰胺６６（ＰＡ６６）／热致液晶共聚酯酰胺（ＬＣ３０）三元共混物的形态结构;利用Ｉｎｓｔｒｏｎ３２１１型毛细管流变仪研究了共混物的流变性能,结果表明：ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６６／ＬＣ３０共混物为一热力学不相容的多相聚合物体系,ＬＣ３０的加入提高了ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６６的相容性,有效地改善了ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６６共混物的流变性能,ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６６／ＬＣ３０三元共混     

热致液晶（LC70）／PET共混物的结构与性能

采用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、ＰＯＭ、ＳＥＭ和力学测试方法研究了ＬＣ７０／ＰＥＴ原位复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明,当ＬＣ７０／ＰＥＴ＜２０％时,ＬＣ７０对ＰＥＴ的结晶生长具有一定促进作用;当ＬＣ７０／ＰＥＴ＞３０％时,共混物结晶能力迅速下降,结晶放热和熔融焓明显降低。     

含二烯丙基双酚A醚相容剂对HDPE/PC共混体系的影响

用低密度聚乙烯接枝二烯丙基双酚Ａ醚（ＬＤＰＥ ｇ ＤＢＡＥ）作为高密度聚乙烯／聚碳酸酯（ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＣ）共混体系的增容剂,研究了其对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＣ共混体系的影响．通过共混物形态观察、热力学性能测试和结晶性分析,发现ＬＤＰＥ ｇ ＤＢＡＥ对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＣ共混体系有良好的增容效果．并发现了增容剂在共混物中的最佳用量为１０ｐｈｒ,提高增容剂的接枝率更有利于改善共混物的性能     

界面相互作用对尼龙6／聚乙烯共混物形态结构和流变行为的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜和动态力学分析仪研究了马来酸酐熔融接枝聚乙烯（ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ）对尼龙６／聚乙烯（ＰＡ６／ＰＥ）共混物形态结构和动态力学行为的影响．结果表明，ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ使ＰＡ６／ＰＥ共混物中ＰＡｅ的玻璃化转变峰向低温例偏移，这主要归因于ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ改善了ＰＡ６和ＰＥ二者的相容性；但随着ＰＥ分散相中ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ所占比重的增加，ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ与ＰＡ６之间界面化学键合密度增大，使得ＰＡ６的玻璃化转变温度反而提高．同时，利用平行板流交仪研究了ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ对ＰＡ６／ＰＥ共混物熔体流变行为的影响．ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ使共混物熔体粘度和动态储能模量增大，这应归因于ＰＡ６／ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ之间在熔融共混过程中的界面化学键合．     

离散物Surlyn对PBT／PP共混体系的力学性能及形态结构的影响

用力学性能测试，ＤＭＡ、ＳＥＭ等方法研究了离聚物Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ对ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ共混体系的力学性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明，在ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ共混体系中引入少量Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ可以改善界面的粘接性，从而改善其力学性能。     

聚环氧乙烷/聚乙基■唑啉共混体系结晶行为及相容性的研究

用偏光显微镜（ＰＬＭ）、ＤＳＣ、ＩＲ和ＷＡＸＤ等测试方法对聚环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ）／聚乙基唑啉（ＰＥＯｘ）共混体系结晶行为及相容性进行了研究．结果表明，ＰＥＯ含量在３０％以上的共混体系中，几乎完全被球晶充满，非晶态ＰＥＯｘ作为微区分散在大球晶之间或之中；含量为２０％的共混体系照片上呈树枝状晶；含量低于１０％时则看不到结晶出现，体系形成单一的非晶相．对任何组成的共混物，均只出现单一的玻璃化转变温度（Ｔｇ），而且符合Ｆｏｘ方程揭示的规律；随ＰＥＯｘ组分含量的增加，共混体系的结晶度减小，熔点下降，并利用平衡熔点方程计算出ＰＥＯ与ＰＥＯｘ的相互作用能密度．非晶ＰＥＯ与ＰＥＯｘ热力学相容，其相容性是由于这两种分子间存在着特殊相互作用．ＰＥＯｘ的加入不会改变ＰＥＯ的晶胞参数．     

聚环氧乙烯／聚乙基恶唑啉共混体系结晶行为及相容性的研究

用偏光显微镜ＤＳＣ，ＩＲ和ＷＡＸＤ等测试方法对聚环氧乙烷／聚乙基恶唑啉共混体系结晶行为及相容性进行了研究。结果表明，ＰＥＯ含量在３０％以上的共混体系中，几乎完全被球晶充满，非晶态ＰＥＯＸ作为微区分散在大球晶之间或之中；含量为２０％的共混体系照片上呈树枝状晶；含量低于１０％时则看不到结晶出现，体系形成单一的非晶相。     

离聚物Surlyn对PBT/PP共混体系的力学性能及形态结构的影响

用力学性能测试、ＤＭＡ、ＳＥＭ等方法研究了离聚物Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ对ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ共混体系的力学性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明，在ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ共混体系中引入少量Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ可以改善界面的粘接性，从而改善其力学性能。当共混体系中ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ的组份比不变（９０／１０）且Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ的含量为６ｐｈｒ左右时，共混物的冲击强度出现极大值；而弯曲强度在Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ含量为１－２ｐｈｒ左右时有最大值。当共混体系中Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ的含量不变（６ｐｈｒ）时，其力学性能随ＰＰ含量的增加而下降。用玻璃纤维增强共混体系，可显著提高力学性能。     

聚甲醛和尼龙12共混物的微观结构与动力学性能

采用ＳＥＭ，ＦＴ－ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，ＷＡＸＤ等方法对ＰＯＭ／ＰＡ１２共混物的微观结构进行分析，并测试其力学性能，结果表明，在ＰＯＭ／ＰＡ１２共混物中，存在差氢键的相互作用。ＰＡ１２的加入，使ＰＯＭ的熔点下降，共混物的微晶尺寸Ｌ１１０及晶胞参数有所增大。微晶尺寸Ｌ１１０在１０．８７－１４．８９ｎｍ之间时，ＰＡ１２对ＰＯＭ具有增韧改性作用。     

磷酸三苯酯对PBT／PET共混体系结晶行为的影响

用广角Ｘ－角线衍射法和差法扫描量热法研究了磷酸三苯酯对ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共混体系结晶行为影响，结果表明：ＴＰＰＷ作为该共混体系的稳定剂，只能延长在熔融状态下酯交换反应发生的时间，ＴＰＰ含量一定时，熔融时间增加，ＰＢＴ，ＰＥＴ之间的酯交换反应同样会发生，不同熔融时间，就要求ＴＰＰ的用量也不相同。ＴＰＰ在ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共混体系中没有结晶成核剂的作用，它也不改变ＰＢＴ，ＰＥＴ的结晶结构。     

Rheological behavior in blends of PET with ionomeric polyester

The rheological behavior and the morphology in blends of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with ionomeric polyester were investigated over a wide range of different blending ratios. The ionomeric polyester is derived from PET modified through copolycondensation with sulfonate moiety, sodiosulfo isophthalate (Na-SIP), iso-phthalic acid (IPA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results showed that the apparent viscosity and non-Newtonian index of the PET/ionomeric polyester blend system had a nonlinearity change with the change of the blend ratio of PET/ionomeric polyester. The anomaly of the viscous flow activation energy change was found as the content of ionomeric polyester was about 40% (w/w) in the blend system, suggesting the presence of physical cross-linked structure formed by strong polar tangling points and the phase separation owing to poor compatibility between the PET and ionomeric polyester. The morphology and thermal behavior of the blends were observed, respectively, with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and atomic force microscopy (AMF).     

Effect of dispersed phase composition on morphological and mechanical properties of PET/EVA/PP ternary blends

Immiscible ternary blends of PET/EVA/PP (PET as the matrix and (PP/EVA) composition ratio = 1/1) were prepared by melt mixing. Scanning electron microscope results showed core‐shell type morphology for this ternary blend. Binary blends of PET/PP and PET/EVA were also prepared as control samples. Two grades of EVA with various viscosities, one higher and the other one lower than that of PP, were used to investigate the effect of components' viscosity on the droplet size of disperse phase. The effect of interfacial tension, elasticity, and viscosity on the disperse phase size of both binary and ternary blends was investigated. Variation of tensile modulus of both binary and ternary blends with dispersed phase content was also studied. Experimental results obtained for modulus of PET/EVA binary blends, showed no significant deviations from Takayanagi model, where considerable deviations were observed for PET/PP binary blends. Here, this model that has been originally proposed for binary blends was improved to become applicable for the prediction of the tensile modulus of ternary blends. The new modified model showed good agreement with the experimental data obtained in this study. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 251–259, 2010     

Morphology and properties of isotactic polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) in situ microfibrillar reinforced blends: Influence of viscosity ratio

In situ microfibrillar reinforced blends based on blends of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were successfully prepared by a “slit extrusion-hot stretching-quenching” process. Four types of iPP with different apparent viscosity were utilized to investigate the effect of viscosity ratio on the morphology and mechanical properties of PET/iPP microfibrillar blend. The morphological observation shows that the viscosity ratio is closely associated to the size of dispersed phase droplets in the original blends, and accordingly greatly affects the microfibrillation of PET. Lower viscosity ratio is favorable to formation of smaller and more uniform dispersed phase particles, thus leading to finer microfibrils with narrower diameter distribution. Addition of a compatibilizer, poly propylene-grafted-glycidyl methacrylate (PP-g-GMA), can increase the viscosity ratio and decrease the interfacial tension between PET and iPP, which tends to decrease the size of PET phase in the unstretched blends. After stretched, the aspect ratio of PET microfibrils in the compatibilized blends is considerably reduced compared to the uncompatibilized ones. The lower viscosity ratio brought out higher mechanical properties of the microfibrillar blends. Compared to the uncompatibilized microfibrillar blends, the tensile, flexural strength and impact toughness of the compatibilized ones are all improved.     

线性聚酯酰胺对聚碳酸亚丙酯的改性

通过己内酯和氨基己酸开环、缩合反应制备了酯段含量为81%的线性聚酯酰胺（PEA）,并用熔融共混的方法制备了PEA/聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）共混物,考察了PEA的引入对共混体系相容性、热力学稳定性和机械性能的影响。 结果表明,PEA与PPC之间有较好的相容性,共混物的热力学稳定性比PPC有显著提高,当PEA质量分数为3%时,共混体系的起始分解温度（T-5%）和最大分解速率时的温度（Tmax）比PPC分别提高了52.7%和46.4%。 通过调节PEA的含量可以使共混体系同时达到增强和增韧的效果。     

Two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopic studies of polymer blends--specific interactions in polyethylene adipate/cholesteryl palmitate blends

Generalized two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) correlation spectroscopy has been applied to the study of the conformational changes and specific interactions in blends of polyethylene adipate (PEA) and cholesteryl palmitate (CP). IR spectra of CP, PEA, and their blends of different compositions: 10/90, 16/84, 32/68, 64/36, and 80/20 have been recorded. In order to apply 2D IR correlation analysis, the samples are divided into two sets: set A with high PEA content 0/100, 10/90, 16/84, 32/68 CP/PEA and set B with high CP content 64/36, 80/20 and 100/0 CP/PEA. The 2D IR synchronous correlation analysis separates the bands of PEA from those of CP. The cross-peaks in 2D IR asynchronous correlation analysis are indicative of the specific interaction or the conformational change in the blends. The bands of CO, OH and C-O vibrations of PEA, and CH(3) and C-O vibrations of CP that are very sensitive to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding effect and consequently the partial miscibility of components, have been assigned by 2D correlation analysis.     

In Situ fibril formation of thermotropic liquid crystal polymer in polyesters blends

Polymer blends based on poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN) and poly‐(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) reinforced with a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer (TLCP) were prepared using a melt blending process. Polymer blends consisting of conventional cheap polyester with a small quantity of expensive TLCP are of interest from an economic point of view. The shear viscosity of the TLCP and polyester blends decreased with increasing shear rate and depended on TLCP content. The lower values of the structural viscosity index for the TLCP and polyester blends were attributed to the formation of fibrillar TLCP structures having elongated fibrils in the polyester matrix. The TLCP/PEN blends exhibited long TLCP fibrils that had smaller average diameters and narrower distributions of the diameter compared with those of the TLCP/PET blends. The higher shear force and lower viscosity ratio observed may favor the in situ TLCP fibril formation in the polyester matrix. The viscosity ratio was the most crucial factor in controlling the morphology of the TLCP phase in the TLCP and polyester blends. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3600–3610, 2005     

sPS/PET/SsPS-H共混体系的研究

以自制间规聚苯乙烯(sPS)功能化合成的磺化间规聚苯乙烯（SsPS-H)作相容剂,研究其对sPS/PET共混物微相结构与性能的影响,发现SsPS-H能够有效地改善二者的相容性,当sPS/PET/SsPS-H为85／15／2（重量比）时,冲击强度达到11．4kJ/m^2,为纯sPS的3倍,此时材料的弯曲强度为39．1MPa,下降约8％;DMA结果表明,随SsPS-H用量的增加,共混物的Tg逐渐提高;DSC分析结果表明,共混体系中sPS的熔点不受SsPS-H含量的影响,而PET的熔点在加入6份SpPS-H时明显降低。sPS在达到最大结晶速率的温度均随SsPS-H用量的增加先提而后下降。SEM观察到加入SsPS-H后,PET分散相的尺寸减小,且均匀程度增加,共混物室温下冲击断裂显著地由脆性转变为韧性,当加入6份SsPS-H后,冲击断裂又出现脆性。     

Effect of a polyetheramine additive on the melt-flowability of poly(butylene terephthalate)

A polyetheramine (PEA) was added to poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) to improve its melt-flowability. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and solution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR) were employed to check the change in chemical structure after compounding, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angel X-ray diffraction (WAXD), capillary rheometer and a universal testing machine were used to investigate the thermal properties, crystal structure, rheological behavior and mechanical properties of PBT/PEA blends. The results revealed that a loading of 1.0wt% PEA in PBT drastically improved its melt-flowability without the loss of thermal properties and tensile strength. As comparisons, blends of PBT with polyols such as pentaerythritol and di(trimethylolpropane) were also prepared and the properties were evaluated. It was found that the melt-flowability improvement from these polyols was much lower than that from PEA.