水解聚合铝溶液中Al_(30)形态的研究

水解聚合铝形态一直是分析、催化、土壤、地球化学、新材料、环境科学和生物毒理学等众多领域研究的前沿和热点。Keggin结构的Al30形态是迄今为止发现的电荷最高的水解铝聚合阳离子,具有独特的分子结构和纳米分子尺寸,它对催化化学、新型功能材料、高效絮凝剂的开发以及铝的水解聚合转化规律研究具有重要意义。本文主要论述了Al30形态的形成、形态分析方法、结构模型以及形成机理等方面的最新研究进展,并对水解聚合铝溶液的研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

水解聚合铝溶液中Al30形态的研究*

水解聚合铝形态一直是分析、催化、土壤、地球化学、新材料、环境科学和生物毒理学等众多领域研究的前沿和热点。Keggin 结构的Al₃₀ 形态是迄今为止发现的电荷最高的水解铝聚合阳离子,具有独特的分子结构和纳米分子尺寸,它对催化化学、新型功能材料、高效絮凝剂的开发以及铝的水解聚合转化规律研究具有重要意义。本文主要论述了Al₃₀形态的形成、形态分析方法、结构模型以及形成机理等方面的最新研究进展,并对水解聚合铝溶液的研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

聚合氯化铝中Al13形态的分离纯化方法及特性

采用柱层析法、沉淀置换法和乙醇-丙酮混合溶剂法对聚合氯化铝(PAC)中的Al₁₃形态进行了分离提纯, 采用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法, ²⁷Al NMR, TEM, SEM, 电位测定法, 粒度测定法等多种现代分析仪器和方法对不同分离提纯方法得到的Al₁₃形态进行了分析表征和比较, 并初步比较研究了Al₁₃形态的水处理效果. 实验结果表明, 不同分离纯化方法得到的 Al₁₃形态具有不同的结构形貌、粒度分布、电性和水处理效果. 乙醇-丙酮混合溶剂法得到的Al₁₃形态具有良好的纯度和水处理效果. 该研究初步证实了Al₁₃是PAC中的最佳絮凝形态.     

聚合氯化铝中Al13形态的分离纯化方法及特性

采用柱层析法、沉淀置换法和乙醇-丙酮混合溶剂法对聚合氯化铝(PAC)中的Al₁₃形态进行了分离提纯, 采用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法, ²⁷Al NMR, TEM, SEM, 电位测定法, 粒度测定法等多种现代分析仪器和方法对不同分离提纯方法得到的Al₁₃形态进行了分析表征和比较, 并初步比较研究了Al₁₃形态的水处理效果. 实验结果表明, 不同分离纯化方法得到的 Al₁₃形态具有不同的结构形貌、粒度分布、电性和水处理效果. 乙醇-丙酮混合溶剂法得到的Al₁₃形态具有良好的纯度和水处理效果. 该研究初步证实了Al₁₃是PAC中的最佳絮凝形态.     

氧化铝-g-聚丙烯酰胺复合磨粒的制备及表征

为提高α-Al₂O₃磨粒在水基介质中的分散稳定性，采用接枝聚合方法制备了Al₂O₃-g-聚丙烯酰胺复合粒子。采用FTIR、XPS、TOF-SIMS、激光粒度仪、SEM、沉降试验等对氧化铝复合粒子结构及分散性能等进行了表征。结果表明，聚丙烯酰胺以化学键形式接枝到Al₂O₃粒子表面，形成聚丙烯酰胺为壳，Al₂O₃为核的复合磨粒;接枝改性后的Al₂O₃粒子分散性明显提高，并且其分散性与Al₂O₃表面接枝量密切相关。     

高浓度高Al13含量聚合氯化铝溶液的制备

通过快速加碱在82 ℃下合成0.2 mol·L^-1、Al_b为60%～70%的低浓度高Al_b聚合氯化铝(L-PAC)，在热侧温度为50～95 ℃，冷侧温度约9～12 ℃的条件下进行膜蒸馏浓缩，制备出总铝浓度在2 mol·L^-1以上，Al_b含量大于90%，Al₁₃含量约为70%的高浓度高Al_b含量的聚合氯化铝溶液。对膜蒸馏浓缩过程中热侧温度、PAC的碱化度和初始pH值等因素对最终聚合氯化铝溶液产品中聚铝形态分布、总铝浓度的影响进行了初步研究，发现在热侧温度低于70 ℃、碱化度为2.47、初始pH值为5.0 ± 0.2的条件下，可以得到高浓度、高Al_b含量的聚合氯化铝溶液，纳米Al₁₃形态在较高的浓度下可以存在；低温贮存条件下，高浓度PAC中Al_b相当稳定。     

TiO2微粒功能化多孔Al2O3膜的光电化学研究

用恒电位法制备了多孔Al₂O₃薄膜, 通过在Al₂O₃薄膜孔内水蒸汽水解钛酸异丙酯生成了锐钛矿型TiO₂微粒, 制备出了Al₂O₃与TiO₂微粒的复合薄膜. 用XRD, SEM, 光电化学方法进行了研究. 实验表明: 该复合薄膜具有光电转换特性, 在光催化、光电化学太阳能转换中具有应用价值.     

羟基聚合铝形体结构的X射线衍射和核磁共振表征研究进展

探讨水解聚合铝的形态分布以及铝的水解聚合转化规律一直是环境化学、催化材料化学和铝的生态毒理效应研究的前沿热点课题。本文综述了国内外X射线衍射和核磁共振波谱技术在羟基聚合铝形体结构表征方面的研究进展,对方法的各自特点进行了全面比较,并就未来研究动向做了展望。     

AlmN2和AlmN2＋ (m＝1～8)团簇结构与稳定性的量子化学研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-311G*水平上对Al_mN₂和Al_mN₂^＋ (m＝1～8)团簇的几何构型、电子结构、振动频率和分子轨道进行了理论研究. 结果表明, Al_mN₂类团簇的基态结构有两种基本构型, 一种是以N—N键为核心周围与Al原子相配位形成的, 一种是由两个Al_nN (n≤m/2)分子碎片通过共用Al原子或Al—Al键相互结合形成的. 对Al_nN分子碎片相互结合形成结构的绝热电离能讨论得到, m为偶数的团簇比m为奇数的稳定.     

La促进水滑石衍生镍基催化剂的原位制备及其CO2甲烷化性能

采用原位生长法制备水滑石衍生Ni-La/Al₂O₃催化剂，并用于CO₂甲烷化反应，以研究La掺杂量对所得催化剂形貌结构及催化性能的影响。利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、低温氮气吸附-脱附测试、扫描电镜和透射电镜对催化剂的形貌结构进行分析。结果表明，适宜的La掺杂量能够提高活性金属Ni在载体中的分散性，减弱Ni与载体的相互作用，并且改善催化剂的孔隙结构，提高催化剂的比表面积。CO₂甲烷化性能表明，当Ni负载量(质量分数)为30%、La掺杂量(质量分数)为10%时，催化剂30Ni-10La/Al₂O₃具有较优的催化性能； 350℃时其CO₂转化率及CH₄产率分别达到91.9%和91.5%，并且连续测试60 h后催化性能基本保持不变。     

羟基聚合铝晶体研究进展

羟基聚合铝的研究在环境化学中具有重要作用。自然条件下存在的无机单核铝本身具有毒性,而多核铝是比单核铝更毒的铝形态,它们很容易进入人体和植物产生毒害作用。因此,水解聚合铝形态研究一直是环境化学、地球化学和材料催化等众多研究领域的前沿热点课题。本文综述了在新环境材料开发中羟基聚合铝晶体研究的进展,对已获得表征的典型羟基聚合铝的结构特点进行了对比与评述,讨论了不同羟基聚合铝晶体的科学意义和应用价值。     

Characteristics and formation of [AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ in electrolysis process

[AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺ (Al₁₃) formation in electrolysis process is studied. The results detected by²⁷Al NMR spectroscopy show that high content of Al₁₃ polymer is formed in the partially hydrolyzed aluminum solution prepared by controlled electrolysis process. In the produced electrolyte of total Al concentration ([Al_T]) 2.0 mol · L⁻¹ with a basicity (B = OH/Al molar ratios) of 2.0, the content of Al₁₃ polymer is over 60% of total Al. Dynamic light scattering shows that the size distribution of the final electrolyte solutions ([Al_T] = 2.0 mol · L⁻¹) is trimodal with B = 2.0 and bimodal with B = 2.5. The aggregates of Al₁₃ complexes increase the particle size of partially hydrolyzed aluminum solution.     

Hydrolytic polycondensation of alkoxysilanes and modification of polymerization reactions

Polymers having oxide network chains are produced by hydrolytic polycondensation of metal alkoxides and alkoxysilanes. Molecular morphology and molecular size distribution of these inorganic polymers are strongly affected by certain nonchemical parameters. Included among these parameters is the molecular separation of interacting species during the polymerization. There is strong evidence that the molecular size expansion occurs by two distinct processes: initially by a gradual “growth” process, and later by “recombination” of high-molecular weight species. The later process often leads to a bi-modal molecular size distribution. The concentration of water-rich siloxane solutions leads to significant molecular size expansion by further oxide network formation. No similar polymer size growth occurs during the concentration of alcohol based solutions. This difference in the polymeric activities can be related to the difference in the terminal bond under the two different conditions.     

Speciation of prehydrolyzed Al salt coagulants with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Al NMR spectroscopy

Based on the speciation results of the most two concerned coagulant component (i.e., monomer and Keggin-Al₁₃), Al species in polymeric Al salt coagulants were fully investigated with the combination of electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ²⁷Al NMR spectroscopy. Keggin-Al₁₃⁷⁺ could transform into Al₁₃ⁿ⁺ (n = 1-3) by dehydrogen reaction without destroying the Keggin structure in mass spectrometer. There exist differences in the intensity and the observed sequence of the Al₁₃ⁿ⁺ (n = 1-3) species in the mass spectra of polymeric Al coagulants. Several other polymers (i.e., Al₁₉³⁺, Al₂₀³⁺ and Al₁₆ⁿ⁺, n = 1-3) might also be formed by the decomposition and repolymerization of Keggin-Al₁₃⁷⁺. Like monomeric Al salt coagulant, species in polymeric Al coagulants with low basicity were mainly detected as low polymers with mono-charge in mass spectrometry. With the increase of basicity, the dominant species often transform into high polymers with higher charges and fewer categories. The Al₁₃³⁺ species detected in monomeric Al coagulant should have octahedral structure and be formed by self hydrolysis, which is different with the species detected in purified Al₁₃ coagulant. On the whole, the detected species in mass spectrometry could roughly represent their dissolution status in original solutions and could also be used to explain the difference of their coagulation performance in water treatment process.     

Synthesis and tunable thermal expansion property of Al2−δScδW3O12

A series of solid solutions of Al_2−δSc_δW₃O₁₂ (δ = 0-2) were successfully synthesized by the solid-state reaction with aluminum oxide, scandium oxide and tungsten trioxide as raw materials. The phase composition and structure of the products were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, while the linear thermal expansion coefficients were measured by thermo dilatometer. The results indicate that Al_2−δSc_δW₃O₁₂ with high purity can be successfully prepared by the solid-state method. All samples of different δ values crystallize in the same orthorhombic structure with space group of Pnca. The lattice constants and cell volume increase linearly with increasing Sc content. The average linear thermal expansion coefficients of Al_2−δSc_δW₃O₁₂ measured by thermo dilatometer indicate that the thermal expansion coefficients of the solid solutions could be adjusted to the desired values, such as positive, near zero or negative by simply changing the δ value.     

Characterization and separation of Al13 species using gel-filtration chromatography

A polyaluminum chloride (PAC) sample was prepared using a slow alkaline titration method. The Bio-Gel P-100 gel column chromatographic technique was used to separate and characterize the various forms of aluminum present in the prepared PAC solution. The effluents from a gel column were monitored using online chemical method: Al-Ferron timed complexation spectrophotometry and by ²⁷Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Effects of different experimental conditions such as eluent flow rate, ionic strength and pH on separation of Al₁₃ were investigated. Experimental results indicated that molecule size exclusion was not the only parameter affecting the column chromatographic separation efficiency of Al₁₃ but molecule charge as well. Reducing the eluent flow rate, increasing the ionic strength and suitable pH resulted in increase in the separation efficiency. Experimental results clearly indicated that by varying the experimental conditions, it is possible to produce pure Al₁₃ species using a gel column chromatographic technique.     

聚合Al13晶体的制备及表征

近几十年来 , 环境污染的日益严重使人们对健康问题和全球生态系统越来越关注 ?由于一个元素的生物可给性在很大程度上取决于它存在的物理化学形态和浓度 , 准确测定环境和生物体系中的痕量元素的不同形态是研究这些元素的生物毒性 ? 生物有效性和传输机理的关键 ?形态分析成了     

Fluoride modification of Mo/Al2O3 catalysts: Characterization of the changes induced in support and Mo phases

The characterization of fluoride-modified Mo/Al₂O₃ catalysts was performed in order to investigate on the effect that low levels of fluoridation of the alumina support (0-2.0 wt.%) cause on the support itself and on the supported Mo oxide and sulfide phases. Fluoride-modified Al₂O₃ supports and Mo/Al₂O₃ catalysts where characterized by nitrogen physisorption, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM-EDX), isoelectric point (IEP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO₂ (IR-CO₂), and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The dispersion of the sulfided catalysts was estimated by dynamic NO chemisorption. The results indicate that the different hydroxyl types present on the alumina surface react to a different extent with fluoride and that it is the most basic hydroxyl groups that are titrated first.The consumption of the alumina OH by F⁻, inhibits, during the deposition of Mo, the formation of tetrahedral molybdenum oxide species in strong interaction with the support, leading to an increased number of polymeric octahedral Mo surface species. The NO adsorption results put in evidence a drop in the dispersion of the MoS₂ phase present in the sulfided samples.