二源矢量场的唯一性定理

曹昌祺先生所著《电动力学》的附录中，对矢量场唯一性定理叙述为：“一个矢量场被它的散度、旋度和边值条件（法线或切线分量）唯一确定．”［２］《大学物理》１９８６年第１１期柯元明的文章［１］认为，切线分量未必能够唯一确定矢量场．笔者在柯文的启示下，提出二源矢量场唯一性定理，作为柯文的补充，把柯文提出的问题和曹先生对唯一性的提法统一起来．     

电位移矢量仅与自由电荷有关的充要条件及其应用

利用矢量场的唯一性定理直接给出了电位移矢量仅与自由电荷有关的充要条件；阐明了一个很有用的结论。     

唯一地确定矢量场的边界条件

本文讨论了矢量场唯一性边界条件与场域边界形式的关系．分别给出了以边界法向分量和以边界切向分量作为唯一性边界条件对场域边界形式的要求．     

不同规范下横场与纵场的特性分析

文章按照矢量场分解为横场和纵场的方法,采用亥姆霍兹定理,研究电磁场的性质与结构.对不同规范下电磁场的横场和纵场特性进行分析与比较,讨论电磁场与源之间的对应关系.结果表明,电磁场问题由电荷场和电磁波动场两个相互独立的问题组成,远区辐射场由横场部分决定,纵场部分并不辐射出去;电磁势函数存在过多自由度可以归因于纵场分量的不唯一性,标量势所满足的方程并不独立于各自对应的矢量势所满足的方程.     

关于稳定磁场唯一性定理的再讨论

本文讨论了稳定磁场中Ｂ和Ｈ的唯一性定理， 指出了唯一确定场 Ｂ的边值条件是ｎｘ Ｂ｜ Ｓ或ｎ ｘ Ａ｜Ｓ） 而不是ｎ· Ｂ｜Ｓ，并指出 Ｈ并非恒为横场，从而对Ｈ的唯一性定理在提法上不同于Ｂ而有三种可能情况．     

均匀外电场中带电导体球表面上的电荷分布

本文通过物理上的分析，应用叠加原理、唯一性定理及类比方法得出了均匀外电场中带电导体球表面上电荷的分布规律，从而求出了球外电场的分布．     

安培环路定理的拓扑学描述

近年来拓扑学在量子力学中得到了广泛的运用.本文将安培环路定理积分式重新表达为一矢量场在轮胎参数面上的第一类陈数积分.数值模拟展示了该积分值为一整数即第一陈数,其代表矢量场的整体性质:当经历连续变换时,矢量场的局部数值发生改变但整体积分值即陈数仍保持不变;若陈数发生改变,则表明矢量场变换的连续性条件发生破坏,矢量场出现奇点.进一步通过高斯映射将该矢量场从参数轮胎面映射到单位球面上,并给出了第一陈数的直观几何意义.理论和数值结果揭示了安培环路定理的拓扑学本质,表明拓扑概念在经典物理学中也会有广泛应用.     

矢量场类比法在电磁学教学中的应用探讨

电磁学是物理学的重要分支,但是学生总觉得这部分知识很难学,对于高斯定理和环路定理的理解也比较模糊.本文推广矢量场类比法,将矢量场类比为流体中的流速场,用水的流量类比为通量,流速沿环路的分量类比为环量.通过研究流体中的"起点"和"终点",类比为矢量场中"源"和"汇",用流体里的"漩涡"类比矢量场的"涡旋",并引出高斯定理和环路定理,让学生理解这些定理背后的物理含义.这种方法对后续学习电场强度通量、磁感应强度通量、电场线和磁感应线都有帮助,也有助于理解电场"有源无旋"和磁场"有旋无源"的性质.     

任意形状的三角形电流的磁场分布

本文根据毕奥萨伐尔定理先求出任意三角形一条边所产生的磁场,再利用矢量场旋转求出另外两条边产生的磁场,最终利用矢量叠加求得任意形状的三角形电流的磁场分布.这种方法可以推广到求任意形状多边形电流的磁场求解.     

唯一性定理的补充及证明

本文把分区均匀情况下静电场的唯一性 定理推广到非均匀介质、各向异性介质及Ｄ 是Ｅ的单值单调速增函数的非线性介质等情况， 证明在这些情况下静电场的唯一性定理仍然成 立．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.