顶空萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析马鞭草的挥发油组分

采用顶空萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分离和鉴定马鞭草挥发油化学成分,用归一化法测定其相对含量.鉴定出64个组分,其含量占总挥发油组分峰面积的97.76%.主要成分是乙酸(3.55%)、芳樟醇(4.41%)、反-石竹烯(9.30%)、反-β-金合欢烯(3.99%)、律草烯(5.61%)、α-姜黄烯(8.50%)、十五烷(8.48%)、γ-芹子烯(3.75%)、β-没药烯(5.66%)、β-杜松烯(3.57%).     

木香挥发性化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从木香中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对木香挥发油进行化学成分的分析。利用化学计量学方法对重叠峰进行分辨,对各个色谱峰定性,并用色谱峰总体积积分和归一化法获得各化合物的相对含量。共鉴定了60种化合物,占挥发油总成分的97%以上。其中主要有土木香内酯、巴西菊内酯、(Z)6,(Z)9-十五二烯-1-醇等。     

紫罗兰花挥发油化学成分分析及其在卷烟加香中的评价

研究紫罗兰花挥发油的挥发性成分及其卷烟加香效果。采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取紫罗兰花挥发油,利用气相色谱—飞行时间质谱(GC-TOFMS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分离鉴定,采用峰面积归一化法计算各个组分相对含量,并将其加入卷烟中进行感官评吸。共鉴定了66个化合物,占检出化合物总量的79.03%,主要成分为2-β-蒎烯(13.28%)、3-蒈烯(10.16%)、(-)-异喇叭烯(4.80%)、β-波旁烯(4.53%)、斯巴醇(3.39%)和β-杜松烯(3.29%)等;评吸结果发现:适量浓度的紫罗兰挥发油能提高卷烟整体的协调性,提升卷烟的香气质和香气量,降低对口腔、鼻腔的刺激性,减少杂气,回味甜香,余味清爽。紫罗兰挥发油中化学成分丰富,主要为萜类及其含氧衍生物,其中,许多化合物具有芳香性和药用活性。     

GC/MS法结合保留指数分析香青花与叶挥发油的化学成分

研究香青花与叶挥发油的化学成分。采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取香青花与叶中的挥发油,使用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)获得总离子流图,各色谱峰相应的质谱图经过NIST11.L标准谱库检索,辅助保留指数比对定性,并采用峰面积归一化法进行定量分析,计算各成分的相对百分含量。从香青花与叶挥发油中共鉴定出41种物质,相同成分有15种,花与叶挥发油的化学成分含量差异较大,其中花挥发油中主要成分为α-葎草烯(13.46%)、环氧化葎草烯II(8.97%)、Ar-姜黄烯(8.50%)、δ-杜松烯(6.99%)等;叶挥发油中主要成分为α-葎草烯(17.47%)、α-蒎烯(15.17%)、Ar-姜黄烯(8.27%)、(E)-石竹烯(6.06%)等。采用GC-MS法结合保留指数鉴别香青花与叶挥发油中的同分异构体,提高了药用植物不同部位挥发油成分定性的准确性,为香青药用价值的开发和应用提供了参考。     

GC-MS法分析康定鼠尾草花挥发油中的化学成分

用水蒸气蒸馏法从康定鼠尾草花中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量,结果从康定鼠尾草花挥发油中鉴定出89种化合物,占总挥发油量的95%以上,其中主要成分是二苯胺(21.528%)、芳樟醇(9.873%)、2-丙酮基-3-蒈烯(7.533%)、1,3,3-三甲基-2-丁酮-环己二烯(5.088%)。本文通过对康定鼠尾草花挥发油化学成分的研究,为鼠尾草资源的进一步开发利用提供实验依据。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定槐花中挥发性化学成分

槐花样品经蒸气蒸馏及乙醚萃取处理所得挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法进行分析,按峰面积归一化法求出挥发性化学成分的相对含量.分离出42个峰,已鉴定了26个化合物,占其挥发油总相对含量的87.76%.已鉴定的有酸、酯、烯烃、醇、烷烃等10类化合物.其中酸类化合物占总色谱流出峰面积的30.53%,酯类占19.26%,烯烃类占18.01%,醇类占8.64%,烷烃类占5.52%.其主要组分有n-十六酸(26.43%)、17-三十五(烷)烯(14.84%)、喇叭茶萜醇(8.00%)、十六酸甲酯(4.18%)、肉豆蔻酸(4.10%)、8,11-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(3.79%)、月桂酸酐(3.60%)、9-十八(碳)炔酸甲酯(3.26%)、1,2-邻苯二甲酸丁基环己基酯(3.03%)、c-榄香烯(2.66%).     

碧桃花、叶、茎、果实挥发油成分及抗油脂氧化、抑菌作用

采用超临界CO₂萃取,应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS) 法鉴定碧桃花、叶、茎、果实挥发油中化学成分和相对质量浓度,共鉴定178个化合物。 其中花挥发油中主要成分有苯甲醛(11.42%)、α-金合欢烯(9.18%)、十六烷酸(8.03%)。叶挥发油中主要成分有:苯甲醛(14.72%)、二十五烷(9.85%)、二十八烷(8.29%)、二十三烷(5.14%)。 茎挥发油中主要成分有(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇(28.90%)、(E)-2-己烯醇(16.06%)、正己醇(6.86%)。 果实挥发油中主要成分有:苯甲醛(20.46%)、十六烷酸(5.84%)、苯甲醇(5.01%)。 在10~40 d贮藏期内,花、叶、茎、果实挥发油可明显降低花生油的过氧化值和酸值,其中以茎挥发油高剂量组降低作用最强。 花和茎挥发油具有较强的抑菌作用,其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值在0.024~0.188 g/L范围内。     

基于组效关系的姜黄挥发油抗肿瘤活性成分辨识研究

基于GC-MS分析,建立了姜黄挥发油的化学成分与其抑制人宫颈癌Hela细胞作用的组效关系模型,寻找与药效显著相关的活性成分。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取得到31批姜黄挥发油,提取率在1.63%～4.52%之间;采用GC-MS联用仪建立了31批姜黄挥发油的指纹图谱,确定了20个特征峰,以特征峰的相对峰面积(各峰面积与内标正十三烷的峰面积之比)来表征其相对含量;MTT法测定姜黄挥发油抑制人宫颈癌Hela细胞活性,以抑制率为评价指标;利用Simca-p11.5软件的正交投影偏最小二乘法(Orthogonal Partial leastsquares,OPLS)和SPSS软件的双变量相关(bivariate)分析,研究特征峰与药效的相关性,根据S-载荷图、变异权重参数值(Variable importance in projection,VIP)和皮尔逊(Pearson)相关系数来辨识显著活性成分。结果表明,11,15,7,19,3,6,12,14,9号等9个特征峰与姜黄挥发油抑制Hela细胞活性显著相关,除19号峰尚未定性外,11,15,7,3,6,12,14和9号峰对应的成分分别为芳姜黄酮、β-姜黄酮、姜烯、β-榄香烯、α-姜黄烯、α-姜黄酮、吉马酮和β-倍半水芹烯。     

苦碟子挥发油化学成分的分析

对我国东北地产苦碟子中挥发油成分进行系统分析,确定挥发油的化学成分,为阐述其生物活性提供依据.采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油,气相色谱--质谱联用仪进行分析.结果鉴定出37种化合物.在这些化合物中,脂肪烷烃类占53.21%,酮、醛类占39.05%,烯、烯醇、烯酸类占4.94%,酯类占1.57%.其挥发油的主要成分是6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮,含量为33.98%.     

南天竹花挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析及体外抗氧化活性

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取南天竹花挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析挥发油化学成分;以ABTS自由基清除作用、金属离子螯合作用为指标评价20%挥发油的体外抗氧化活性。从南天竹花挥发油中共鉴定出60种化合物,占挥发油总量的76.98%,主要成分为棕榈酸、棕榈醛、十八烷醛、3,7-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇、1-十六烯等;挥发油对ABTS自由基和金属离子具有较好地清除作用和螯合作用,且样品量与活性呈量效关系。     

Fungicidal properties of the essential oil of Hesperozygis marifolia on Aspergillus flavus link

The chemical composition of the essential oil from Hesperozygis marifolia was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and fourteen compounds were identified. (R)-pulegone (40.75%), isomenthone (30.34%) and menthone (4.46%) were found to be the main components of the oil. The essential oil at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL and (R)-pulegone at concentration of 0.8 mg/mL completely inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus Link. The fungicidal effects of this essential oil warrant further research into its potential for commercial use.     

Helichrysum gymnocephalum essential oil: chemical composition and cytotoxic, antimalarial and antioxidant activities, attribution of the activity origin by correlations

Helichrysum gymnocephalum essential oil (EO) was prepared by hydrodistillation of its leaves and characterized by GC-MS and quantified by GC-FID. Twenty three compounds were identified. 1,8-Cineole (47.4%), bicyclosesquiphellandrene (5.6%), γ-curcumene (5.6%), α-amorphene (5.1%) and bicyclogermacrene (5%) were the main components. Our results confirmed the important chemical variability of H. gymnocephalum. The essential oil was tested in vitro for cytotoxic (on human breast cancer cells MCF-7), antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum: FcB1-Columbia strain, chloroquine-resistant) and antioxidant (ABTS and DPPH assays) activities. H. gymnocephalum EO was found to be active against MCF-7 cells, with an IC(50) of 16 ± 2 mg/L. The essential oil was active against P. falciparum (IC(50) = 25 ± 1 mg/L). However, the essential oil exhibited a poor antioxidant activity in the DPPH (IC(50) value > 1,000 mg/L) and ABTS (IC(50) value = 1,487.67 ± 47.70 mg/L) assays. We have reviewed the existing results on the anticancer activity of essential oils on MCF-7 cell line and on their antiplasmodial activity against the P. falciparum. The aim was to establish correlations between the identified compounds and their biological activities (antiplasmodial and anticancer). β-Selinene (R2 = 0.76), α-terpinolene (R2 = 0.88) and aromadendrene (R2 = 0.90) presented a higher relationship with the anti-cancer activity. However, only calamenene (R2 = 0.70) showed a significant correlation for the antiplasmodial activity.     

Essential oil composition of Rydingia michauxii (Briq.) Scheen & V.A. Albert endemic of Iran

The chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the aerial parts of Rydingia michauxii (Briq.) Scheen & V.A. Albert was analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Eighty components were identified in the oil with caryophyllene oxide (20.1%), trans-verbenol (10.2%), linalool (5.3%) and humulene epoxide II (4.6%) as main constituents. We reported here the chemical compositions of R. michauxii EOs from southern Zagros of Iran with a distinct chemical profile for the first time.     

Inhibition of melanogenesis versus antioxidant properties of essential oil extracted from leaves of Vitex negundo Linn and chemical composition analysis by GC-MS

This study was aimed at investigating the antimelanogenic and antioxidative properties of the essential oil extracted from leaves of V. negundo Linn and the analysis of the chemical composition of this essential oil. The efficacy of the essential oil was evaluated spectrophotometrically, whereas the volatile chemical compounds in the essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed that the essential oil effectively suppresses murine B16F10 tyrosinase activity and decreases the amount of melanin in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the essential oil significantly scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, and showed potent reducing power versus metal-ion chelating properties in a dose-dependent pattern. The chemical constituents in the essential oil are sesquiterpenes (44.41%), monoterpenes (19.25%), esters (14.77%), alcohols (8.53%), aromatic compound (5.90%), ketone (4.96%), ethers (0.4%) that together account for 98.22% of its chemical composition. It is predicted that the aromatic compound in the essential oil may contribute to its antioxidant activities. The results indicated that essential oil extracted from V. negundo Linn leaves decreased melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells and showed potent antioxidant activities. The essential oil can thereby serve as an inhibitor of melanin synthesis and could also act as a natural antioxidant.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the inflorescence essential oil of Capillipedium parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf. from India

Essential oil isolated from the inflorescences of Capillipedium parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf., collected from Kumaon region of Western Himalaya, India, was investigated by GC and GC-MS. A total of 45 constituents representing 99.0% of the essential oil were identified. The major components of this oil were 4-undecanone (33.2%), 4-undecanol (29.7%), 4-nonanol (13.9%), α-muurolol (5.3%), 4-tridecanone (3.6%), methyl-2-oxo-nonanoate (3.1%), trans-2-hexenyl butanoate (1.1%) and 1-tetradecanol (1.0%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was determined against eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, as well as two fungal strains. The bioassay showed that the essential oil possessed good antibacterial activity.     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Pyrrosia tonkinensis (Giesenhagen) Ching

The present study aimed to analyse the chemical components of the essential oil from Pyrrosia tonkinensis by GC-MS and evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity. Twenty-eight compounds, representing 88.1% of the total essential oil, were identified and the major volatile components were trans-2-hexenal (22.1%), followed by nonanal (12.8%), limonene (9.6%), phytol (8.4%), 1-hexanol (3.8%), 2-furancarboxaldehyde (3.5%) and heptanal (3.1%). The antibacterial assays showed that the essential oil of P. tonkinensis had good antibacterial activities against all the tested microorganisms. This paper first reported the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from P. tonkinensis.     

Investigation of the chemical composition–antibacterial activity relationship of essential oils by chemometric methods

The antibacterial effects of Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae), and Calamintha nepeta (Lamiaceae) Savi subsp. nepeta var. subisodonda (Borb.) Hayek essential oils on five different bacteria were estimated. Laboratory control strain and clinical isolates from different pathogenic media were researched by broth microdilution method, with an emphasis on a chemical composition–antibacterial activity relationship. The main constituents of thyme oil were thymol (59.95%) and p-cymene (18.34%). Linalool acetate (38.23%) and β-linalool (35.01%) were main compounds in lavender oil. C. nepeta essential oil was characterized by a high percentage of piperitone oxide (59.07%) and limonene (9.05%). Essential oils have been found to have antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. Classification and comparison of essential oils on the basis of their chemical composition and antibacterial activity were made by utilization of appropriate chemometric methods. The chemical principal component analysis (PCA) and hierachical cluster analysis (HCA) separated essential oils into two groups and two sub-groups. Thyme essential oil forms separate chemical HCA group and exhibits highest antibacterial activity, similar to tetracycline. Essential oils of lavender and C. nepeta in the same chemical HCA group were classified in different groups, within antibacterial PCA and HCA analyses. Lavender oil exhibits higher antibacterial ability in comparison with C. nepeta essential oil, probably based on the concept of synergistic activity of essential oil components.     

中国苦水玫瑰油香气成分的研究

 选择OV1701交联毛细管柱作为中国苦水玫瑰油的分离柱,并采用现代气相/质谱(GC/MS)、气相/红外光谱(GC/IR)技术手段,结合标准品对照,对玫瑰油中分离出的130余种化合物进行鉴别,初步鉴定出了101种化合物。研究表明,不同品种的玫瑰油形成各自不同的香味,这与栽培品种和土壤、温度、降雨量等综合栽培环境差异有关。中国苦水玫瑰油以其特有的浓郁玫瑰香气,应成为世界玫瑰油中一个重要品种。     

Essential oil from Rhaponticum acaule L. roots: Comparative study using HS-SPME/GC/GC–MS and hydrodistillation techniques

The composition of essential oil extracted from Rhaponticum acaule L. roots growing wild in Algeria was studied by hydrodistillation (HD) and by Head-Space Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (HS-SPME). Quantitative but not qualitative differences have been found in the chemical composition of both analysed samples depending on the extraction method. However, the oil obtained from R. acaule roots shows that aliphatic alcohols were found to be the major class (69.2%), followed by the terpenes (5.5%), alkenes (5.2%) and alkynes (4.0%). In both cases the analysis were carried out using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Our study shows that HS-SPME extraction could be considered as an alternative technique for the isolation of volatiles from plant. 25 components were identified in oil vs. 39 in the HS-SPME. However the oil composition of roots was mainly represented by a variety of aliphatic hydrocarbons (alcohols, aldehydes and ketones) and terpenes which are known for their antimicrobial activities.     

Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC

Abstract

The present study investigated the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Pterocarya stenoptera. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried leaves of P. stenoptera was analysed by GC–MS and 39 constituents accounting for the total 90.44% of the oil were identified. The main constituents were δ-cadinene (24.83%), caryophyllene oxide (9.10%), α-cadinol (7.48%) and β-elemene (6.24%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The essential oil was found to show broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against all the tested microorganisms. Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive strain with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.23?mg/mL. The results suggested that the essential oil was a potential source of natural antimicrobials in food preservation and pharmaceutical industry.