An M2L4 molecular capsule with an anthracene shell: encapsulation of large guests up to 1 nm

A new M(2)L(4) molecular capsule with an aromatic shell was prepared using two Pd(II) ions and four bisanthracene ligands. The self-assembled capsule possesses a cavity with a diameter of ~1 nm that can encapsulate medium-sized spherical and planar molecules as well as a very large molecule (C(60)) in quantitative yields. The encapsulated guests are fully segregated and shielded from the external environment by the large anthracene panels.     

A Solvato‐Fluorochromic Macrocycle of Multiple Anthracene Fluorophores in Close Proximity

A fluorescent macrocycle containing four anthracene panels linked by meta‐phenylene spacers and amino hinges was synthesized. The macrocycle adopts a twisted, compressed conformation that places embedded anthracene fluorophores in close contact. Emission from the convoluted macrocycle is highly solvatochromic and significantly enhanced as compared with that of the partial structures.     

Capture of Singlet Oxygen Modulates Host-Guest Behavior of Coordination Cages

The anthracene panels of two tetrahedral M^II₄L₆ cages, where M^II=Co^II or Fe^II, were found to react with photogenerated singlet oxygen (¹O₂) in a hetero-Diels–Alder reaction. ESI-MS analysis showed the cobalt(II) cages to undergo complete transformation of all anthracene panels into endoperoxides, whereas the iron(II) congeners underwent incomplete conversion. The reaction was found to be partially reversible in the case of the 1-Fe^II cage. The dioxygen-cage cycloadducts were found to bind a set of guest molecules more weakly than the parent cages, with affinity dropping by more than two orders of magnitude in some cases. The light-driven cycloaddition reaction between cage and ¹O₂ thus served as a stimulus for guest release and reuptake.     

含有双发色团的化合物分子内能量传递的研究

合成了一系列含有萘环和蒽环的不同链长的二元化合物, 简写为N-Mn-A(n=2,4,6,8,10)。在有机溶剂中做了上述系列化合物的荧光光谱。激发波长为λex=280nm时, 发现荧光光谱中有两个发射峰, λem1=370nm, λem2=450nm。前者为萘的荧光峰, 后者为蒽的荧光峰。实验证明, 只有萘吸收280nm的光, 而蒽无吸收。所以在激发萘的条件下, 能量由处于激发态的萘环传向了外于基态的蒽环。在不同的有机溶剂中, 分别做了该系列化合物的荧光光谱随浓度的变化。实验结果指出, 两个荧光峰强度的比值不随浓度的变化而变化, 表明其能量传递为分子内的能量传递。另外在1%的糖淀粉水溶液中, N-Mn-A的浓度为1.0×10^-^5mol.dm^-^3,通过荧光光谱发现没有发生能量传递。表明处于伸展状态的N-Mn-A化合物分子不能发生能量传递。     

A Nona‐nuclear Heterometallic Pd3Pt6 “Donut”‐Shaped Cage: Molecular Recognition and Photocatalysis

We report a simple, low‐symmetry 2‐(1‐(pyridine‐4‐methyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine ligand that has both monodentate and bidentate binding sites. With platinum(II) and/or palladium(II) ions, two examples of a new nona‐nuclear metallo‐assembly have been accessed. These complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and in key cases, X‐ray crystallography. The cages possess three clefts comprised of planar cationic panels. This structural feature enables the binding of planar aromatic guests such as anthracene. More interestingly, the heterometallic assembly was able to catalyze the light‐induced [4+2] cycloaddition of anthracene with singlet oxygen.     

具有大斯托克位移的荧光探针分子

用荧光法来监视多个生理参数时,需要几个不同的荧光探针分子.这些探针分子要被同一波长激发,但是具有明显分离的、不同的发射波长.目前,大多数荧光探针只有小的斯托克位移(50-90 nm),从而限制了它们在多个物质同时检测上的应用.在这项工作中,我们提出了一个新的分子探针设计:受体-荧光分子1-间隔-荧光分子2(简称RFSF...     

Isostructural M2L4 molecular capsules with anthracene shells: synthesis, crystal structures, and fluorescent properties

An isostructural series of M(2)L(4) molecular capsules quantitatively self-assembled from two M(II) ions (M=Zn, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, Co, and Mn) and four bent ligands with embedded anthracene fluorophores. X-ray crystallographic analysis (for M=Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pd) confirmed the formation of closed-shell structures in which the large interior cavities inside the molecular capsules (about 1 nm) were shielded by eight anthracene panels. Analysis of the Zn(II) and Cu(II) structures showed the inclusion of an unusual triad guest cluster; four MeCN molecules, one water molecule, and one CF(3)SO(3)(-) ion were located inside the cavities. Full characterization by NMR spectroscopy and MS (ESI-TOF) demonstrated that the molecular capsules were quite stable and persist in solution. The fluorescence properties of the isostructural capsules were strongly dependent on the identity of the metal species: the Zn(II) capsule emitted strong blue fluorescence with a high quantum yield (Φ=0.8), in sharp contrast to the weakly emissive Ni(II) and Mn(II) capsules and the completely non-emissive Pd(II), Pt(II), and Co(II) capsules. On the other hand, the Cu(II) capsule exhibited solvatochromism and solvent-dependent emission behavior; blue emission of the capsule was "on" in DMSO but "off" in MeCN.     

Dansyl-anthracene dyads for ratiometric fluorescence recognition of Cu2+

Dansyl-anthracene dyads 1 and 2 in CH(3)CN-H(2)O (7:3) selectively recognize Cu(2+) ions amongst alkali, alkaline earth and other heavy metal ions using both absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. In absorbance, the addition of Cu(2+) to the solution of dyads 1 or 2 results in appearance of broad absorption band from 200 nm to 725 nm for dyad 1 and from 200 nm to 520 nm for dyad 2. This is associated with color change from colorless to blue (for 1) and fluorescent green (for 2). This bathochromic shift of the spectrum could be assigned to internal charge transfer from sulfonamide nitrogen to anthracene moiety. In fluorescence, under similar conditions dyads 1 and 2 on addition of Cu(2+) selectively quench fluorescence due to dansyl moiety between 520-570 nm (for 1)/555-650 nm (for 2) with simultaneous fluorescence enhancement at 470 nm and 505 nm for dyads 1 and 2, respectively. Hence these dyads provide opportunity for ratiometric analysis of 1-50 μM Cu(2+). The other metal ions viz. Fe(3+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Hg(2+), Ag(+), Pb(2+), Li(+), Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Ba(2+) do not interfere in the estimation of Cu(2+) except Cr(3+) in case of dyad 1. The coordination of dimethylamino group of dansyl unit with Cu(2+) causes quenching of fluorescence due to dansyl moiety between 520-600 nm and also restricts the photoinduced electron transfer from dimethylamino to anthracene moiety to release fluorescence between 450-510 nm. This simultaneous quenching and release of fluorescence respectively due to dansyl and anthracene moieties emulates into Cu(2+) induced ratiometric change.     

Inter- and intramolecular pi-stacking interactions in cis-bis[1-(9-anthracene)]phosphirane complexes of platinum(II)

The bis[1-(9-anthracene)phosphirane]dithiolatoplatinum(II) complexes, Pt[1-(9-anthracene)phosphirane](2)(dithiolate), where dithiolate = 1,1-dimethoxycarbonyl-ethylene-2,2-dithiolate (dmdt) (2), 1,1-diethoxycarbonyl-ethylene-2,2-dithiolate (dedt) (3), 1-ethoxycarbonyl-1-cyano-ethylene-2, 2-dithiolate (ecdt) (4), and 1,1-dicyano-ethylene-2,2-dithiolate (dcdt) (5), were prepared from cis-dichlorobis[1-(9-anthracene)phosphirane]platinum(II) (1). Complexes 3 and 5 were characterized by X-ray crystallography and were found to have vastly different crystal and molecular structures. The crystal and molecular structure of 3 is dominated by intramolecular pi-stacking between the anthracene rings of the cis-bis(anthracene)phosphiranes with a ring...ring separation of 3.48(6) A. The molecular structure of 5 does not exhibit an intramolecular interaction between the anthracene rings. Instead, the crystal structure of 5shows significant intermolecular pi-stacking between the anthracene rings of the phosphirane ligands of adjacent molecules packed in the crystal lattice. The intermolecular stacking interaction results in a ring...ring separation of 3.33(4) A. Complexes 2-5 were found to emit at 530 nm at low temperatures in the solid state. Complex 5 emits strongly in fluid THF or benzene solution at 430 nm.     

STUDIES ON SOME INTERMEDIATES AND PRODUCTS OF THE PHOTOREDUCTION OF 9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE *,†

Abstract— The mechanism of the photoreduction of 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) in alcohol and hexane has been studied by flash photolysis. The fluorescence spectrum of the photoproduct, 9,10-dihydroxy anthracene shows a large shift between hexane and ethanol. The quantum yields of photoreduction for AQ are solvent-dependent, the reaction between the solvent radical and AQ determining the quantum yield.
The absorption spectrum of the 9,10-anthrasemiquinone (AQH.) has a long-wavelength absorption band with peaks at 631 and 678 nm. The second-order decay constants for AQH. were estimated to be 1.3 × 10⁹, 6.7 × 10⁸ and 2.0 × 10⁸ M ^-1 sec^-1 in ethanol, 2-propanol and ethylene glycol, respectively.
A long-wavelength absorption band was observed for 9,10-anthrasemiquinone radical anion, having peaks at 776 and 860 nm; epsi;_max= 1900 at 776 nm. This spectrum is compared with the spectra of 9,10-dihydroxy anthracene mono- and di-anions. The 9,10-anthrasemiquinone radical anion was found to photoreduce quantitatively to 9,10-dihydroxy anthracene mono-anion with a quantum yield of 0.1.     

REVERSIBLE PHOTODIMERIZATION OF ANTHRACENE AND TETRACENE

Abstract— Dianthracene is efficiently photodissociated, forming anthracene with a quantum yield of about 0.63. Like anthracene, tetracene undergoes a reversible photochemical reaction, the product of which appears to be di-tetracene. In dilute, deoxygenated solutions the of quantum yeild for the formation of di-tetracene is directly proportional to the concentration of the monomer ødim = 2.2 (). The quantum yield for the reverse reaction is approximately 0.74
When dilute deaerated solutions of anthracene are irradiated with the unfiltered radiation from a quartz-mercury arc, a degradation product is formed. Unlike the dimer, this product cannot be converted into anthracene either by heating it to 200C or by irradiating it in solution with light of 254 nm. This degradation product appears to be the compound or compounds which Birks et al. believed to be dianthracene. Irradiation of deaerated solutions of anthracene (or tetracene) with light of wavelenghts longer than 300 nm produces only the dimer, which has an absorption spectrum similar to that reported by Coulson et al.     

Regulation of π-stacked anthracene arrangement for fluorescence modulation of organic solid from monomer to excited oligomer emission

The construction and precise control of the face-to-face π-stacked arrangements of anthracene fluorophores in the crystalline state led to a remarkable red shift in the fluorescence spectrum due to unprecedented excited oligomer formation. The arrangements were regulated by using organic salts including anthracene-1,5-disulfonic acid (1,5-ADS) and a variety of aliphatic amines. Because of the smaller number of hydrogen atoms at the edge positions and the steric effect of the sulfonate groups, 1,5-ADS should prefer face-to-face π-stacked arrangements over the usual edge-to-face herringbone arrangement. Indeed, as the alkyl substituents were lengthened, the organic salts altered their anthracene arrangement to give two-dimensional (2D) edge-to-face and end-to-face herringbone arrangements, one-dimensional (1D) face-to-face zigzag and slipped stacking arrangements, a lateral 1D face-to-face arrangement like part of a brick wall, and a discrete monomer arrangement. The monomer arrangement behaved as a dilute solution even in the close-packed solid state to emit deep blue light. The 1D face-to-face zigzag and slipped stacking of the anthracene fluorophores caused a red shift of 30-40?nm in the fluorescence emission with respect to the discrete arrangement, probably owing to ground-state associations. On the other hand, the 2D end-to-face stacking induced a larger red shift of 60?nm, which is attributed to the excimer fluorescence. Surprisingly, the brick-like lateral face-to-face arrangement afforded a remarkable red shift of 150?nm to give yellow fluorescence. This anomalous red shift is probably due to excited oligomer formation in such a lateral 1D arrangement according to the long fluorescence lifetime and little shift in the excitation spectrum. The regulation of the π-stacked arrangement of anthracene fluorophores enabled the wide modulation of the fluorescence and a detailed investigation of the relationships between the photophysical properties and the arrangements.     

蒽端基聚对苯亚乙炔的发光性能

报道了一种新的蒽端基聚对苯亚乙炔的合成与发光特性,分别考察了聚合物 P2的紫外吸收,荧光发射和电致发光光谱。结果表明,在聚对苯亚乙炔主链末端引 入蒽基团可改变其有效共轭长长及发光颜色,合成的模型小分子可证明这一点。电 致发光器件ITO/P2/Al在600 nm处发红光。     

Regulation of π‐Stacked Anthracene Arrangement for Fluorescence Modulation of Organic Solid from Monomer to Excited Oligomer Emission

The construction and precise control of the face‐to‐face π‐stacked arrangements of anthracene fluorophores in the crystalline state led to a remarkable red shift in the fluorescence spectrum due to unprecedented excited oligomer formation. The arrangements were regulated by using organic salts including anthracene‐1,5‐disulfonic acid (1,5‐ADS) and a variety of aliphatic amines. Because of the smaller number of hydrogen atoms at the edge positions and the steric effect of the sulfonate groups, 1,5‐ADS should prefer face‐to‐face π‐stacked arrangements over the usual edge‐to‐face herringbone arrangement. Indeed, as the alkyl substituents were lengthened, the organic salts altered their anthracene arrangement to give two‐dimensional (2D) edge‐to‐face and end‐to‐face herringbone arrangements, one‐dimensional (1D) face‐to‐face zigzag and slipped stacking arrangements, a lateral 1D face‐to‐face arrangement like part of a brick wall, and a discrete monomer arrangement. The monomer arrangement behaved as a dilute solution even in the close‐packed solid state to emit deep blue light. The 1D face‐to‐face zigzag and slipped stacking of the anthracene fluorophores caused a red shift of 30–40 nm in the fluorescence emission with respect to the discrete arrangement, probably owing to ground‐state associations. On the other hand, the 2D end‐to‐face stacking induced a larger red shift of 60 nm, which is attributed to the excimer fluorescence. Surprisingly, the brick‐like lateral face‐to‐face arrangement afforded a remarkable red shift of 150 nm to give yellow fluorescence. This anomalous red shift is probably due to excited oligomer formation in such a lateral 1D arrangement according to the long fluorescence lifetime and little shift in the excitation spectrum. The regulation of the π‐stacked arrangement of anthracene fluorophores enabled the wide modulation of the fluorescence and a detailed investigation of the relationships between the photophysical properties and the arrangements.     

Copolymers of 4-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-3-ylbenzonitrile with anthracene and biphenyl; synthesis,characterization, electronic,optical, and thermal properties

Two novel copolymers of 4-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-3-ylbenzonitrile (TT-CN), possessing electron withdrawing cyano moiety, with anthracene (P1) and biphenyl (P2) were prepared via Suzuki coupling. Optic, electronic, and thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated through UV–Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, gel permeation chromatography, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The polymers with anthracene and biphenyl had electronic band gaps of 2.01 and 1.90 eV, respectively. Both polymers demonstrated excellent large Stokes shifts of 101 (anthracene) and 105 nm (biphenyl) as well as very good thermal properties. As they had good optical, electronic, and thermal properties, they are promising candidates for electronic applications.     

Synthesis,Spectroscopic Properties and Crystal Structure of 3,3＇-（Anthracene-9,10-diyl）bis（1-phenylpropan-1-one）

The compound 3,3'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)bis(1-phenylpropan-1-one)(C32H26O2,Mr=442.55) has been synthesized by the reaction of 2,2'-(anthracene-9,10-diylbis(methy-lene))bis(1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione) with CsCO3,and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic,space group P21/c with a=9.154(3),b=5.2777(16),c=24.897(7) nm,β=107.337(10)°,Z=2 and V=1.1482 nm3.X-ray analysis indicates that an intermolecular hydrogen bond C(8)-H(8A)…O(1),weak C-H···π between H(9A) and the centre of anthracene rings and weak π-π interactions between two anthracene ring planes are observed.     

Highly efficient and stable blue‐light‐emitting copolyfluorene consisting of carbazole,oxadiazole, and charge‐trapping anthracene groups

This article presents the synthesis and electroluminescent (EL) properties of a stable blue‐light‐emitting copolyfluorene ( P1 ) consisting of carbazole, oxadiazole and charge‐trapping anthracene groups by Suzuki coupling reaction. The hole‐transporting carbazole and electron‐transporting oxadiazole improve charges injection and transporting properties, whereas the anthracene is the ultimate emitting chromophore. The thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and EL properties of P1 were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, optical spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and EL devices fabrication and characterization. P1 demonstrated high‐thermal stability with thermal decomposition and glass tranistion temperatures above 400 and 145°C, respectively. In film state, P1 showed blue emission at 451 nm attributed to anthracene chromophore. Photophysical and electrochemical investigations demonstrate that effective energy transfer from fluorene to anthracene segments and charges trapping on anthracene segments leads to efficient and stable blue emission originating from anthracence. Polymer light‐emitting diodes using P1 as the emitting layer (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ P1 /Ca/Al) exhibited excellent current efficiency (5.1 cd/A) with the CIE coordinate being (0.16, 0.11). The results indicate that copolyfluorene is a promising candidate for the blue‐emitting layer in the fabrication of efficient PLEDs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010     

Narrowing Segments of Helical Carbon Nanotubes with Curved Aromatic Panels

Rigid molecular cylinders with a 1 nm diameter were synthesized by assembling arylene panels with Pt‐mediated macrocylization. Chrysenylene panels that previously participated in tetrameric macrocyclization were contorted by the addition of two benzo groups on the sides to form dibenzochrysenylene, which allowed for a reduction in the numbers of participating panels to three. Consequently, narrowed cyclochrysenylene congeners were obtained. The narrowed chiral cylinders possessed width‐dependent chiroptical properties. The magnetic transition dipole moment was dictated by the radius of a ring‐current‐like circle that was formed by local electric transition dipole moments on the cylinder.     

新型可用于荧光标记的α-氰基丙烯酸酯单体的合成及在小鼠活体成像中的应用

设计合成了新型含有荧光基团的α-氰基丙烯酸酯单体,并与其它α-氰基丙烯酸酯单体共聚,得到产生荧光的聚氰基丙烯酸酯材料.将其包埋在小鼠背部肌肉层,可获得良好的荧光成像效果.通过对荧光强度的监测,初步研究了聚氰基丙烯酸酯材料中的侧链酯基在小鼠体内的降解情况.单体合成是以蒽合氰基丙烯酸和4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基-氨基己醇为原料,得到蒽合氰基丙烯酸(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基-氨基己醇)酯,脱保护后再将异硫氰酸荧光素以化学键合的方式标记在末端氨基上,脱蒽还原烯双键后,得到可用于荧光标记的α-氰基丙烯酸(异硫氰酸荧光素-氨基己醇)酯单体.反应中间体及单体结构采用核磁共振氢谱和质谱进行表征.该单体及其高聚物均可在激发光(488 nm)和发射光(525 nm)条件下观察到明显荧光.     

Resonance Raman scattering from triplet states of acridine and anthracene

By preparing a population of triplet states through excitation with a laser pulse of 308 nm, we could determine the resonance Raman spectra of acridine and of anthracene in their lowest (π π*) state, T₀. Thirty Raman lines in the region between 200 and 2000 cm^?1 are reported for acridine in the T₀ state. These are attributed to either a₁ or b₂ vibrational modes. Nineteen Raman lines between 500 and 2000 cm^?1 are reported for anthracene in the T₀ state.