兰州地区夜间光强起伏特性实验

在兰州地区夜间进行了链路长为610m的激光传输实验,研究了晴、阴、沙尘、雨夹雪天气下光强起伏的统计特性.采用闪烁法测量了不同天气下的大气折射率结构常数C_n~2,分析其最大值、最小值、均值和标准差,得到实验期间C_n~2值的范围为1.06×10~(-15) m~(-2/3)~1.05×10~(-13) m~(-2/3),均属于中等湍流;而且晴天和雨夹雪天气下C_n~2值以及起伏程度均大于阴天和沙尘天的值.同时,利用实测光强值分析了Rytov方差,结果表明:晴、雨夹雪、沙尘天气下光强起伏大部分时间属于弱起伏,有小部分时间跨入中等起伏区,而阴天下光强起伏均属于弱起伏,且晴天和雨夹雪天气下光强起伏大于阴天和沙尘天.通过对光强频数分布进行对数正态、Gamma-Gamma和指数威布尔非线性拟合,不同天气下光强起伏概率分布最为接近指数威布尔分布,其拟合优度均大于0.989 95,而在弱到中等起伏区,Gamma-Gamma分布拟合效果优于对数正态分布.     

复杂传播路径条件下激光光强起伏特性研究

对复杂地形情况下实际湍流大气中的激光强度起伏进行了系统的实验观测,分析了光强起伏统计特征的周日及全年变化规律。结果发现：复杂地形情况下实际湍流大气中的激光光强起伏,不论是概率密度分布还是其功率谱等统计特征均与理论上的偏离很大。     

超连续谱激光在湍流大气中传输特性的数值仿真研究

采用多层相位屏的数值仿真方法,综合考虑大气衰减效应和湍流效应,研究了不同湍流强度和不同源相干度条件下超连续谱激光的光束扩展、光斑漂移以及闪烁特性,并对比分析了超连续谱激光传输与单色激光传输特性的差异.结果表明:湍流越强或源相干度越好,超连续谱激光的相对光束扩展越严重;湍流愈强,光斑漂移愈严重,但不同源相干度的超连续谱激光的质心漂移方差几乎相等;降低超连续谱激光的源相干度可以在一定程度上减弱光强起伏的闪烁效应,并降低闪烁指数对离轴距离的依赖性;与单色激光相比,湍流对超连续谱激光的光束扩展以及闪烁效应影响较弱,而质心漂移效应两者差异不明显.单色激光大气传输的数值仿真结果与理论解析结果基本吻合,在一定程度上说明了数值仿真过程的可靠性.该研究不仅提出了一种获得超连续谱激光大气传输特性规律的有效仿真手段,而且为超连续谱激光传输的工程应用提供参考.     

实际大气中激光强度起伏的全年统计特征

对实际湍流大气中的激光强度起伏了系统的实验观测,详细分析了光强起伏的强度概率密度分布与功率谱的统计特征及春周日,全年变化规律。同时分析了探测器件的饱和铲应结果的影响。     

城市路径下激光光强起伏特性测量及链路余量估算

 在城市环境下进行了3.5 km的激光大气传输实验。实验中对光强起伏和到达角起伏进行了同步测量，分析了接收光强起伏的统计特性以及传输路径上大气折射率结构常数的特性。基于实验结果，对自由空间光通信中不同闪烁指数下的衰落冗余以及不同探测阈值下的衰落概率进行了估算，从而为空间光通信系统的设计提供可靠的实验基础。     

布拉格衍射下半导体激光光强分布实验探讨

通过控制变量法,探究了声光效应中布拉格衍射下不同超声波频率、功率以及是否载入调制信息下衍射光斑的光强横向分布.并用MATLAB软件拟合了0级和-1级衍射光的光强分布图,将实验结果与理论解释进行对比分析.     

高能激光环形光束近场和远场传输特性

为满足高能激光环形光束在近场区和远场区的实际应用需求,从电磁波衍射积分方程出发,推导了环形光束光场分布和远场光强分布表达式,并对光场分布和光强分布进行了分析,得到光强分布与高斯光束的有限孔径大小、中心遮拦比和传输距离的关系.引入大气湍流场景,采用相位屏法对环形光束在不同湍流强度下的大气传输进行了数值模拟和分析,研究了受大气湍流影响远场光斑畸变、光斑破碎、光束扩展和漂移等的增强现象.最后开展了环形光束近场区大气传输数值模拟和实验,结果表明:随着传输距离的增加,光斑中心光强越来越强,光斑逐渐趋于均匀,平均光强呈类高斯分布,近场区环形光束扩散和光斑畸变现象受大气湍流影响而增强.     

艾里光束的光强闪烁研究EI北大核心CSCD

基于Rytov方法并采用von-Karman模型对艾里光束的光强闪烁进行了分析。根据接收器接收面上光强度分布不均匀的现象,提出了艾里光束的面光强闪烁模型,推导了艾里光束在大气湍流中的面光强闪烁的表达式。数值仿真结果表明:当光束宽度一定时,相同光束传播距离下指数截断因子越小,光强闪烁越小;当传播距离为3km、指数截断因子为0.2时,艾里光束的宽度约为1.6cm,光强闪烁最小。此外,光源强度和接收光强相同时,将艾里光束与高斯光束进行了对比,发现艾里光束的光强闪烁小于高斯光束的光强闪烁。     

激光大气闪烁的间歇特征

 以小波变换法观察了湍流大气中激光光强起伏的间歇特征, 并用奇性测度进行了定量的描述。根据间歇性参量的周日变化规律发现：激光大气闪烁的间歇性存在于所有的时间和起伏条件下,并且保持稳定,间歇性参量约为0.1,基本不随起伏条件和时间变化。     

基于大气湍流效应的双波长激光传输特性实验研究

为研究大气湍流作用下不同波长激光信号的传输特性,建立了基于双波长条件下的激光光束传输实验测试系统,在此基础上进行了室外实验测量,得到了双波长光束同信道传输时的光束漂移和光强起伏变化的测试数据。实验结果表明,大气湍流对激光信号的传输具有较大的影响,且光强的闪烁系数与波长有很大的关系,选择波长较长的激光束可减少湍流对光强起伏的影响;光束质心漂移具有很大的随机性,且其质心变化与波长之间无明显的直接联系。实验测试数据结果与大气湍流理论相符合,对空间大气通信具有一定的参考价值。     

Enhanced Intensity Fluctuations of Multiply Scattered Light in Nonlinear Absorbing Media

The properties of light transmission and interference phenomena in high dense media are investigated by means of numerical simulations in terms of nonlinear optical effect. Large intensity fluctuations are observed for nonlinear absorbing media, and do not agree with the fact that a decrease in absorption efficiency results in smaller intensity fluctuations for linear absorption media. From a variation in the speckle contrast it is found that the high-order path-crossing contributes to such intensity fluctuations. Moreover, the probability density of the total transmission changes from Gaussian statistics to log-normal ones for the small total transmission and to negative exponential ones for the large transmission, both of which appear in the strong localization regime. This indicates that the localization of optical waves might be controlled by the nonlinearity of the media.     

南海北部浅海声场起伏及统计特性

水下声场的时间积分声强和峰值声强是声呐检测中的重要物理量,而海洋中的内波等动力学过程会造成声场强度的起伏。对南海北部浅海内波环境下定点声起伏实验数据分析,结合数值仿真,总结了试验海域近海底发射和近海底接收条件下内波引起接收信号强度起伏的统计特性.分析结果表明:接收信号的时间积分声强起伏小于峰值声强起伏;时间积分声强与峰值声强起伏的概率分布与对数正态分布较为接近.时间积分声强和峰值声强起伏大小与信号的频率有关,同一收发距离,中心频率650 Hz信号的声强起伏较中心频率310 Hz和375 Hz信号的声强起伏更为剧烈。对于同一频率,当海底较平坦时,声强起伏的闪烁指数随传播距离的增加而增大;当水深随传播距离逐渐变深时,声强起伏规律受内波和水深变化共同影响而更为复杂,闪烁指数先随传播距离增加而增大,之后又随传播距离的增加而逐渐变小.      

轴锥镜光强分布的角谱衍射数值分析法

针对理论上推导轴锥镜的衍射光场分布解析式较为困难,且用菲涅耳衍射理论分析时存在近轴近似及不能适用于近场衍射光场分析的问题,采用了严格遵从标量衍射亥姆霍兹方程的角谱衍射波前重建方法,对轴锥镜在单色和准单色高斯光波照射下的横向和轴向衍射光强分布特性,以及在单色均匀平面光波照射下的轴向衍射光强分布进行了数值计算和分析。结果表明,轴锥镜后单色光衍射光强分布在几何光束重叠的菱形区域内为近似无衍射贝塞尔光强分布,轴上光强沿光轴方向呈振荡变化,轴上光强分布规律与入射光波的垂轴横向光强分布有关;入射光的准单色性使得贝塞尔衍射条纹对比度略下降、轴上光强沿光轴方向振荡程度减小,但分布规律与单色光一致。     

Influence of satellite vibration on optical communication performance for intersatellite laser links

For intersatellite laser links, vibration-induced pointing jitter severely influences the communication quality as a result of intensity fluctuation. In this paper the probability density function of normalized intensity at the receiver is derived in the presence of pointing jitter taking consideration of bias error. Accordingly, the scintillation index is developed to identify the impact of bias error on intensity fluctuation. Furthermore the bit error rate (BER) is obtained as a function of the beam divergence angle and vibration variance. Qualitative analysis is also given, and the numerical simulation is carried out for demonstration. Results suggested that bias error has a significant detrimental impact on optical terminals which should be considered in system design. This work can benefit the intersatellite optical system design.     

The effect of laser fluctuation statistics upon detection probability

The effects of laser beam irradiance fluctuations, such as speckle and scintillation, upon optical beam detection probability are examined in an entirely statistical context. The optical detector is assumed to possess a non-linear integrated log-normal response function, as is normally ascribed to the eye. Various statistical distribution functions purported to model these fluctuations accurately are examined from both numerical and analytical standpoints. The numerical results indicate that different models for fluctuation statistics predict detector threshold probabilities which differ from each other by more than 10%. Such variations may be significant in calculations relating to eye safety.     

Effect of atmospheric turbulence on optical pulsed ranging accuracy

The effect of atmospheric turbulence on optical pulsed ranging accuracy is investigated assuming a Poisson detection process and multivariate log-normal scintillation. Expressions for the detection cell and the rms detection error in the presence of atmospheric scintillation are derived generally, and evaluated numerically for various optical Gaussian pulse shapes in the case where the optical pulse duration is sufficiently short compared with the correlation time of the atmospheric scintillation (complete cell-to-cell correlation case). Numerical results indicate that the rms detection error increases with increasing correlation, while the detection probability decreases with increasing correlation. It is also found that the detection error depends increasingly on the pulse width and the resolution time of the photodetector with increasing correlation in the presence of atmospheric scintillation.     

Intensity fluctuations of spherical acoustic waves propagating through thermal turbulence*

The intensity fluctuations of acoustic waves that propagate through thermal turbulence are investigated under well controlled laboratory conditions. Two heated grids in air are placed horizontally in a large anechoic room and the mixing of the free convection plumes above them generates a homogeneous isotropic random thermal field. The spectrum of refractive index fluctuations is accurately described by a modified von Karman model which takes into account the entire spectrum of turbulence. Experimental data are obtained by varying both the frequency of the spherical wave and the distance of propagation. In this paper we concentrate on the variance of the normalized intensity fluctuations and on their probability distributions. These measurements cover all the regimes from weak scattering to strong scattering including the peak of the intensity variance. Experimental values of the scintillation index are compared with classical theoretical predictions and also with the results of recent numerical simulations. The classical probability density functions (log-normal, exponential, I-K) are tested against the measured probability distributions. The generalized gamma distribution, which varies smoothly from log-normal to exponential as a function of two parameters, appears m represent the experimental data for a very large range of scattering conditions.     

光在雨中传输的研究

概述了雨滴的尺寸分布特性和光波在雨中的传输衰减,介绍并分别讨论了仅考虑雨滴对光传输的散射作用与仅考虑雨滴对光传输的遮挡作用时光的传输衰减模型.重点分析了后者的原理,结合雨滴尺寸分布模型对光在雨中的最大传输距离及其光强的衰减做了计算.     

Scintillation index of a stochastic electromagnetic beam propagating in random media

We study the behavior of the scintillation index (the normalized variance of fluctuating intensity) of a wide-sense statistically stationary, quasi-monochromatic, electromagnetic beam propagating in a homogeneous isotropic medium. In particular, we show that in the case when the beam is treated electromagnetically apart from the correlation properties of the medium in which the beam travels not only its degree of coherence but also its degree of polarization in the source plane can affect the values of the scintillation index along the propagation path. We find that, generally, beams generated by unpolarized sources have reduced level of scintillation, compared with beams generated by fully polarized sources, provided they have the same intensity distribution and the same state of coherence in the source plane. An example illustrating the theory is considered which examines how the scintillation index of an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam propagates in the turbulent atmosphere. These results may find applications in optical communications through random media and in remote sensing.