Underpotential deposition of cobalt onto polycrystalline platinum

An electrochemical study of cobalt electrodeposition onto a polycrystalline platinum electrode from an aqueous solution (10⁻² M CoCl₂ + 1 M NH₄Cl (pH 9.5)) was carried out through cyclic voltammetry and potential step techniques. Analysis of the voltammetric data clearly showed that a cobalt adlayer is formed during the application of potential in the underpotential deposition (upd) region. Formation of this cobalt adlayer involved the simultaneous presence of both adsorption and 2D nucleation processes. Cobalt adlayers obtained by linear voltammetry in upd region were analyzed employing diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). By using theoretical quantum studies at PM6//HF/LANL1MB level, it was possible to assign the peaks obtained by DRS at 328 and 337 nm to the cobalt adsorption on Pt(111) and Pt(100), respectively, while the signals recorded at 355 and 362 nm were related with the clean platinum surfaces Pt(100) and Pt(111). Also, quantum calculations at the PM6 level indicated that the energy formation order is Co-Pt(100) > Co-Pt(111) > Co-Pt(110) > Co-Co(surface).     

The influence of the preparation method and the Co loading on the structure and activity of cobalt oxide/gamma-alumina catalysts for NO reduction by propene

In the present work we studied the influence of the preparation method and the Co loading on the physicochemical properties and the catalytic activity of the cobalt oxide/gamma-alumina catalysts for the reduction of NO by propene under net oxidizing conditions. Two series of catalysts containing 1 and 5% w/w Co, respectively, were prepared using three preparation methods, namely, the equilibrium deposition filtration (EDF), the conventional incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and the IWI adding nitrilotriacetic acid (nta) in the impregnating solution (IWInta). The catalysts were tested at various temperatures in the range 300-550 degrees C using a fixed-bed microreactor for the NO reduction by propene under lean burn conditions. The evolution of the Co species on the alumina surface was followed after each preparation step by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). It was found that the catalysts of the first series were more active for the title reaction than those of the second one. The EDF sample of the first series was proved to be the most active and selective one followed by the IWI and then the IWInta sample of the same series. The DRS results indicated that the enhanced activity and selectivity of the EDF sample could be attributed to the increased concentration of isolated Co(II) inner sphere complexes of octahedral coordination, which are formed on the support surface by adsorption of the corresponding aqueous complexes, [Co(H2O)6]2+, being in the impregnating solution. These inner sphere complexes are transformed upon thermal treatment into a CoAl2O4 like phase with high dispersion. On the other hand, the [Co(H2O)6]2+(NO3)2- and [Co-nta]-.NH4+(or H+) and/or [Co-2nta]4+.4NH4+(or 4H+) complex salts, precipitated on the alumina surface upon drying in the cases of the IWI and IWInta samples, are transformed upon calcination into CoAl2O4 like phases with lower dispersion. All the samples of the second series promoted the propene combustion as well as the oxidation of NO and N2, used as carrier gas, to NO2. DRS results revealed that in all these samples cobalt(III) oxo species are formed in addition to the CoAl2O4 phase. These species are considered to be responsible for the enhancement of the rates of the oxidation reactions mentioned above.     

A charge-transfer host system composed of a chiral 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol cluster and benzylviologen

Chiral charge-transfer (CT) complexes composed of a chiral 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol cluster as the electron donor and 1,1′-dibenzyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride as the electron acceptor serve as a host system for molecular recognition. CT complexes that include guest alcohols show different diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) depending on the included guest.     

Studies on Mononuclear Chelates Derived from Substituted Schiff Bases Ligands (Part 3). Synthesis and Characterization of a New 5-Nitrosalicylidene-<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-aminoacetophenoneoxime and Its Complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)

A new ligand, 5-nitrosalicylidene-p-aminoacetophenoneoxime (HL), was synthesized from p-aminoacetophenoneoxime and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde under reflux in absolute EtOH at 60°C for 3 h. Mononuclear complexes with a metal : ligand ratio of 1 : 2 were prepared with Co^II, Ni^II,Cu^II, and Zn^II salts. Their structures were determined on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductivity, and thermogravimetric analyses. According to the results, two ligands were suggested to be coordinated to each metal atom by phenolic oxygen and imino nitrogen to form high-spin tetrahedral complexes with cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) while forming a diamagnetic complex with zinc(II).__________From Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 6, 2005, pp. 441–445.Original English Text Copyright © 2005 by Canpolat, Kaya.This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

Synthesis and Some Properties of Transition Metal Complexes with Octa(sulfophenyl)tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine

Sulfonation of metal complexes of octaphenyltetrapyrazinoporphyrazine gave water-soluble octasulfoderivatives. The complexes synthesized were studied by EPR, ¹H NMR, electronic, and IR spectroscopy. It was found that, unlike complexes of other porphyrins and porphyrazines, this nickel complex is paramagnetic, whereas the cobalt complex gives no EPR signal. The cobalt complex can reversibly bind an oxygen molecule.__________Translated from Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 5, 2005, pp. 545–549.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Shishkin, Kudrik, Shaposhnikov.     

不同钴含量CoAPO-5分子筛的合成、表征及其催化环己烷氧化性能

用水热法合成了一系列不同含量钴掺杂的磷酸铝分子筛CoAPO-5. 合成的样品用X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电镜(SEM), 紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS), 热重分析(TG)仪和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)等进行了表征. XRD表征显示, 合成的CoAPO-5分子筛具有较高的结晶度, 分子筛晶胞参数与Co含量之间存在较好的对应关系. UV-Vis漫反射光谱显示合成的CoAPO-5分子筛具有骨架钴的特征三重峰; 焙烧后峰的强度降低, 表明分子筛骨架中Co2+可被氧化成Co3+. SEM表明该分子筛具有典型的AlPO4-5分子筛形貌特征. TG结果也表明Co2+进入了分子筛骨架, 分子筛具有较好的稳定性. 在环己烷氧化反应中CoAPO-5具有较好的催化性能, 环己烷转化率与环己酮选择性均较高; 随着分子筛中钴含量的增加, 环己烷的转化率增加.     

Complex Energetic Perchlorates of Cobalt(III) Amminates,with Cyclopentamethylenetetrazole as Ligand

Energetic metal complexes, pentammine(cyclopentamethylenetetrazole)cobalt(III) perchlorate and tetraammine-bis(cyclopentamethylenetetrazole)cobalt(III) perchlorate, were obtained by reaction of aquapentaamminecobalt(III) and diaquatetraamminecobalt(III) ions with cyclopentamethylenetetrazole. Microwave heating was used, together with the conventional convective heating, for thermal activation of the process. The thermal decomposition of the compounds synthesized was studied. The explosive characteristics and toxicity of the metal complexes were determined.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 2, 2005, pp. 195–199.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Zhilin, Ilyushin, Tselinskii, Nikitina, Kozlov, Shugalei.     

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Versus Mexameter® MX18 Measurements of Melanin and Erythema in an African Population

Melanin provides protection against excess exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and related adverse health effects. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) can be used to calculate cutaneous melanin and erythema, but this is complex and has been mostly used for light‐to‐medium pigmented skin. Handheld reflectance spectrophotometers, such as the Mexameter^® MX18, can also be used. We compared DRS‐calculated melanin and erythema values with Mexameter melanin and erythema index values to understand how these techniques/measurements correlate in an African population of predominantly deeply pigmented skin. Five hundred and three participants comprised 68.5% self‐identified Black African, 9.9% Indian/Asian, 18.4% White and 2.9% Colored. The majority of Black African (45%), Indian/Asian (34%) and Colored (53%) participants self‐identified their skin as being “brown.” Measured melanin levels increased with darker self‐reported skin color. DRS‐calculated and Mexameter melanin values demonstrated a positive correlation (Spearman rho = 0.87, P < 0.001). The results from both instruments showed erythema values were strongly correlated with their own melanin values. This finding is considered spurious and may result from the complexity of separating brown and red pigment when using narrowband reflectance techniques. Further work is needed to understand melanin, erythema and color in Black skin given sun‐related health risks in vulnerable groups in Africa.     

三维结构多金属氧酸盐Ag4H3PTi2W10O40·16H2O的合成与表征

以Keggin型钛取代钨磷酸钾和醋酸银为反应物合成了1个新的多金属氧酸盐Ag4H3PTi2W10O40.16H2O(1),通过X射线单晶衍射分析确定了其晶体结构,通过ICP分析和热重分析确定了其组成,通过红外光谱和固体漫反射光谱表征了其性质.单晶结构分析表明,化合物1属于四方晶系,I4/m空间群,晶胞参数a=b=1.39905(13)nm,c=1.14358(18)nm,V=2.2384(5)nm3,Z=2,R1=0.0550,wR2=0.1590.化合物1中的Ag+均为六配位,每个Ag+同时与3个多阴离子上的2个端氧和4个桥氧配位形成{AgO6}单元,这些{AgO6}将该多阴离子连接成三维网络结构.     

Influence of Encapsulation on The Mechanism of Thermal Destruction of Cyanide Transition Metal Complexes

The results of investigation of the influence of encapsulation on the mechanism of thermal decomposition of cyanide transition metal complexes, based on data obtained by methods of differential thermal analysis (inert atmosphere) and thermodesorption (mass-spectral monitoring of gaseous products) are represented. It was established, that encapsulation of cyanide iron(II) and cobalt(III) complexes in faujasite type zeolite results in the hydrolytic mechanism of thermal destruction of complexes, unlike to bulk analogues, which is determined by essential decreasing of the temperature of complex anions encapsulated destruction beginning, up to temperatures while zeolite water molecules are saved; the gaseous products of thermal destruction composition is determined by the peculiarities of localization of cations of different nature in inclusion compounds. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of Stability Constants of Metal(II)-Methionine and Metal(II)-Methionine-Cysteine (Binary and Mixed) Complexes with a Paper Ionophoretic Technique

A mixed complexation reaction of methionine and cysteine with copper(II) and cobalt(II) has been studied in solution phase using the paper electrophoretic technique at ionic strength 0.1 M and a temperature of 35°C. The binary equilibria copper(II)-methionine and cobalt(II)-methionine have also been studied, since this is prerequisite for the investigation of mixed complexes. The stability constants of copper(II)-methionine-cysteine and cobalt(II)-methionine-cysteine mixed complexes were found to be 2.80 ± 0.07 and 2.44 ± 0.11 (logarithm of stability constant values), respectively. This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

Spinel cobalt manganese oxide nano-composites grown hydrothermally on nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic mineralization of Acid Black 1 textile dye: XRD,FTIR, FESEM,EDS and TOC studies

Spinel cobalt manganese oxide nano-composites were grown on nanosheets using acetate precursors in mono-ethylene glycol. Crystal structures and morphologies of nano-composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to characterize the element composition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for structural characterization and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–Vis DRS) for optical properties. XRD results showed tetragonal spinel cobalt manganese oxide (Co,Mn)(Co,Mn)₂O₄ and cubic spinel cobalt manganese oxide MnCo₂O_4.5 structural phases. The crystallite size calculated by the Scherrer’s equation was 17 nm. The morphological studies displayed the existence of 40–63 nm nano-powders grown on nanosheets with a good degree of crystallization. Optical properties of cobalt manganese oxide nano-composites exhibit absorbance edge, and the band gap calculated from UV–Vis DRS results was 1.78 eV. FTIR spectra indicated that hydroxyl and oxide groups were major active sites. The absorption bands observed at 656 and 568 cm^?1 are related to stretching vibrations of Mn–O and Co–O, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of nano-composites for photocatalytic mineralization of Acid Black 1 textile dye showed an outstanding performance. Photocatalytic process yielded 91% total organic carbon removals within 2.5 h of irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to better charge separation of the photo-generated electron–hole pairs in nano-composite.     

Studies on the Interaction of Lead(II) and Uranyl(II) with Methylcysteine and Penicillamine Bioactive Sulfur-Containing Ligands

Quantitative indication of a complex formation comes from the estimation of the stability or formation constants characterizing the equilibria corresponding to the successive addition of ligands. The binary equilibria of metal(II)-methylcysteine and also mixed equilibria metal(II)-methylcysteine-penicillamine are studied using paper electrophoretic technique. The method is based on the migration of a spot of metal ion with the complexones added to a background electrolyte at the pH 8.5. The stability constants of the mixed complexes Pb(II)-methylcysteine-penicillamine and UO₂(II)-methylcysteine-penicillamine are found to be 2.80 ± 0.09 and 3.40 ± 0.07 (logarithm of stability constant values) at a ionic strength of 0.1 M (HClO₄/NaClO₄) and a temperature of 35°C.__________From Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 5, 2005, pp. 344–348.Original English Text Copyright © 2005 by Tewari.This text was submitted by the author in English.     

Design of Schiff base-like postmetallocene catalytic systems for polymerization of olefins: II. Synthesis of 2,6-bis(aryliminoalkyl)pyridines with cycloalkyl substituents

Reactions of substituted cycloalkylanilines with 2,6-diacetylpyridine in methanol in the presence of formic acid afforded a wide series of the corresponding bis(cycloalkylaryliminoalkyl)pyridines which can be used as ligands for the preparation of iron and cobalt complexes.Translated from Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 74, No. 10, 2004, pp. 1698–1701.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by I. I. Oleinik, I. V. Oleinik, Abdrakhmanov, Ivanchev, Tolstikov.For communicationh I, see [1].This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Colored supramolecular charge-transfer host system using 10,10′-dihydroxy-9,9′-biphenanthryl and 2,5-disubstituted-1,4-benzoquinone

A colored charge-transfer (CT) host complex is formed using racemic (rac)-10,10′-dihydroxy-9,9′-biphenanthryl, which has a large and widely π-conjugated phenanthrene ring, as the electron donor and 2,5-disubstituted-1,4-benzoquinone as the electron acceptor. This CT host complex can include aromatic molecules as guests and its color and diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) change according to the type of guest molecules included. Characteristically, it is possible to tune the color and DRS of the inclusion CT complex by changing the type of the component 2,5-disubstituted-1,4-benzoquinone.     

An influence of thermal treatment conditions of hydrotalcite-like materials on their catalytic activity in the process of N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O decomposition

Hydrotalcite-like materials containing apart from magnesium and aluminum also copper, cobalt, nickel, and iron were prepared by a co-precipitation method. Thermal transformations of hydrotalcite-like materials were studied by thermal analysis methods as well as XRD, UV–vis–DRS, and XPS measurements of the samples calcined at various temperatures (600, 700, and 800 °C). Calcined hydrotalcites, especially those containing cobalt and copper, were found to be active and selective catalysts of N₂O decomposition. It was shown that an increase in the calcination temperature significantly activated the Co-containing catalysts. Promotion of the samples with potassium resulted in activation of the hydrotalcite-based catalysts.     

Binuclear Cobalt(II) Complexes with Biladiene-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a,c</Emphasis> in DMF

The reaction of cobalt(II) acetate with alkylbiladiene-a,c (H₂L) in DMF at 298.15 K was studied by spectrophotometry. The resulting binuclear complexes Co₂L(AcO)₂ and Co₂L₂ contain one or two coordinated biladiene-a,c ligands, depending on the ratio of the reagent concentrations. The compositions of the complexes were determined and the thermodynamic constants of their formation were calculated from spectrophotometric data with the use of the molar ratio method. It was assumed that the high thermodynamic stabilities of heteroligand binuclear complexes M₂L(AcO)₂ are responsible for the formation of double-stranded biladiene complexes M₂L₂.__________Translated from Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 5, 2005, pp. 353–357.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Zakharova, Rumyantsev, Antina, Semeikin.     

Coordination compounds of biological interest: Thermal properties of some compounds of saccharin (o-benzoic sulphimide) with nickel(II) and zinc(II)

The thermal properties of nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes of saccharin (sacc) (o-benzoic sulphimide) have been studied and compared both with those of cobalt(II) and copper(II) previously studied and with those of ternary complexes of nickel(II) and zinc(II) having both saccharin and pyridine as ligands. The thermal behaviour is discussed in terms of the interaction between metal and ligands, interaction studied by IR spectroscopy, and by reflectance spectroscopy.The classical thermal stability scale Co(II) > Ni(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) is always obtained.     

A New Method for Estimating the Efficiency of Chromatographic Columns

A new method for estimating the efficiency of chromatographic columns by means of the absolute number of its theoretical plates (N _A ) is proposed. The absolute number of its theoretical plates can be easily determined from the dependence of the peak width at half height on the retention time. This method allows a column to be assessed by one value that is independent of the kind of substance and the analysis conditions.__________From Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii, Vol. 60, No. 8, 2005, pp. 815–819.Original English Text Copyright © 2005 by Trzeszczynski and M. Dzieciol.The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Synthesis of Pd(II) 1-alkylperimidine complexes as efficient catalysts for Suzuki reactions involving arylchlorides

Three palladium(II) complexes of the type [PdCl₂(PPh₃)L] (L—1-alkylperimidine) have been prepared by reactions of [PdCl₂(PPh₃)]₂ with 1-alkylperimidine. The complexes were characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. The incorporation of N-coordinated perimidine complexes of palladium(II) gave high catalytic activity in the Suzuki coupling deactivated aryl chloride substrates.From Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2005, pp. 153–156. Original English Text Copyright © 2005 by Özdemir, Alýcý, Gürbüz, B. Çetinkaya, E. Çetinkaya.This article was submitted by the authors in English.