2,2,2-三氟卤乙烷和碳负离子的自由基亲核取代反应

主要研究2,2,2-三氟卤乙烷(碘、溴、氯、氟)和碳负离子的反应,在一定的温度下,以DMF作溶剂,除了2,2,2-三氟氟乙烷外,反应都得到了相应的2,2,2-三氟卤乙烷的衍生物以及碳负离子的偶联产物.该反应能被紫外光加速,能被对二硝基苯和对二苯酚阻止.因此,该反应是按S_RN1即自由基亲核取代反应机理进行.由于此反应能在黑暗中进行,所以它可能是通过热引发或自发引发来完成的.     

2,4-二氟戊烷的构象与能量的理论研究

在MP2/6-311++G**和G3水平下,对2,4-二氟戊烷异构体的构象进行几何优化和能量计算.氟的强电负效应使构型发生偏转,同时导致了相隔超过3个键的原子间的电子相互作用.     

氟氯代β-二酮的合成

为了研究从氟氯代β-二酮制得的NMR位移试剂的性能,我们以1-氯-2-碘四氟乙烷(1)为原料,制得二氟氯乙酸乙酯(?)。在乙醇钠存在下,化合物2与甲基酮在无水乙醇中进行Claisen酯缩合反应,制得氟氯代β-二羧基化合物(3)(3a,R=C(CH_3)_3,3b,R=C_6H_5,3c,R=C_6F_5,     

1,2-双(2,4-戊二酮基-3-硫醚基)乙烷对Cd(Ⅱ)离子的识别与萃取性能研究

通过紫外光谱分析方法,考察了双β-二酮分子1,2-二(3-硫醚基-2,4-戊二酮基)乙烷对Cd(Ⅱ)离子的识别性能和萃取性能,并用该分子对合成水样中Cd(Ⅱ)离子的含量进行了浓度分析实验。结果表明,1,2-二(3-硫醚基-2,4-戊二酮基)乙烷对Cd(Ⅱ)离子具有良好的识别性能和优良的萃取性,两者形成的是1∶1型配合物,并且1,2-二(3-硫醚基-2,4-戊二酮基)乙烷可以对水样中Cd(Ⅱ)离子含量进行分析测定。     

3,4-二取代-3-(二氟甲基)吡唑类化合物的构建

二氟甲基在活性分子中可以起到氢键供体、生物电子等排体、亲脂性调节等作用,在药物和农药分子的设计中被广泛使用.3,4-二取代-3-(二氟甲基)吡唑骨架的发现及应用是该领域的一个突出代表,研究表明含有这类骨架的分子能够抑制琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDHIs),具有作为杀菌剂的潜力,目前市场上已有近十种农药分子含有3,4-二取代-3-(二氟甲基)吡唑结构单元,年销售额高达十几亿美元.按照所用含氟砌块的不同种类,对近二十年来3,4-二取代-3-(二氟甲基)吡唑类化合物的合成方法进行总结和展望.     

2，4-二氟戍烷的构象与能量的理论研究

在MP2／6—311 G^**和G3水平下，对2，4-二氟戊烷异构体的构象进行几何优化和能量计算．氟的强电负效应使构型发生偏转，同时导致了相隔超过3个键的原子间的电子相互作用．     

醛类与1,2-二(对甲苯胺基)乙烷作用的研究Ⅰ.

1.用1,2-二(对甲苯胺基)乙烷与醛类缩合而得1,3-二(对甲苯基)-2-烃基四氢咪唑,在反应的专属性,缩合手续,产率及产物的熔点范围方面似均较前人用1,2-双苄胺基乙烷,1,2-二(对甲氧苄胺基)乙烷或1,2-二(对氯苄胺基)乙烷为佳. 2.改进1,2-二(对甲苯胺基)乙烷的合成方法,使产量提高,并消除副反应. 3.曾制备二十四种新的1,3-二(对甲苯基)-2-烃基四氢咪唑类化合物,和三种1,2-二(对甲苯胺基)乙烷的衍生物. 4.1,3-二(对甲苯基)-2-邻硝基苯四氢咪唑可用稀盐酸分解为相应的邻硝基苯甲醛和1,2-二(对甲苯胺基)乙烷的二盐酸盐,其反应几为定量.     

1,2-二芳基取代-1,1''-二氟乙烷的合成

1,2 二芳取代 1,1’ 二氟乙烷主要用作混合液晶添加剂以达到降低粘度增加响应速度的作用,同时也可以增加混晶的工作温度范围和抗紫外辐照的能力,并且能够实现低压驱动,文献报道的4种合成方法(硫缩醛的氟化、炔的氟化加成、酮的氟化以及腙的氟化[1,2])或反应条件苛刻,或转化率低,作者参考文献[3,4,5]对反应改进后发现,当在80℃、DAST(二乙胺基三氟化硫络合物)与乙二醇二甲醚的混合溶剂(体积比为3∶1)中进行酮的氟化反应时可达到95%的转化率。合成路线如下。1　实验部分1 1　仪器与试剂美国Nicolet60XR型红外光谱仪,日本JEOL公司FX …     

3,5-二硝基-2-氯三氟甲苯和2,4-二硝基-5-氯三氟甲苯与含硫亲核试剂的反应

由于碳氟键有很高的稳定性,氟原子有很强的电负性等几何体(isogeometric)效应和优良的脂溶增强效应,因此含氟生物活性物质的合成研究日益引起人们的兴趣和重视.本文报道含强吸电子基的低氟芳烃与可能产生分子内环化的数种亲核试剂的反应,合成低氟芳杂环化合物. 3,5-二硝基-2-氯三氟甲苯(1)中的氯原子受到相邻两个强吸电子基CF_3和NO_2的影响,非常活泼,与巯基乙酸甲酯在三乙胺或吡啶氟化氢溶液催化下,生成2-甲氧羰基-5-硝基-7-三氟甲基苯并噻唑N-氧化物(2),但与呋喃甲硫醇在同样条件下反应,仅得到2,4-二硝基-5-三氟甲苯基呋喃甲硫醚(3a),说明3中—SCH_2—上的氢原子缺乏足够的酸性,不能发生分子内的脱水环化,有趣的是若提高呋喃甲硫醇的摩尔比,则不仅1中2-位的氯被取代,而且5-位的硝基也被取代,生成化合物4;若将1与苯硫酚和苄硫醇反应,则分别得到3b和3c,3b进一步氧化,生成亚砜5.     

1, 3-二氟丙烷构象和电子结构的从头算和 密度泛函理论计算

用从头算和密度泛函数理论研究了1,3-二氟丙烷的构象和电子结构。在计算的各种理论水平下,GG构象是最稳定构象,AG构象次之。利用分子力场的非键作用定量化旁式效应,由MM2力场的非键参数计算的结果较为合理。对于GG和AG构象,在HF/6-31G^*和HF/6-31+G^*^*水平预测的构象分布与实验值接近。     

Bond angles and non-bonded distances in alkyl-transition metal compounds

Application of the steric model of molecular configurations to alkyl-transition metal compounds leads to a rationalisation of the large interbond angles at α carbon atoms, and to intramolecular non-bonded atomic radii for the elements Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and Pt.     

Modeling the structure of chain-molecule liquids: A computer simulation of the n-alkanes C8–C30

Computer models of a series of liquid n-alkanes were generated, allowing for continuous variation of torsion angles and of atomic positions. Torsional and intramolecular and intermolecular non-bonded potentials were introduced. Calculated fractions of gauche bonds are slightly higher than those calculated from a rotational isomeric state model. Calculated radial distribution functions exhibit peaks in good agreement with experimental data. No directional correlation between chains is found, except at very short distances. Calculated end-to-end distances and radii of gyration indicate random coil conformations. These results are unaffected by extension of the range of interaction to the attractive region and by variations of temperature and density.     

A simple model of short-range interactions II. The orientation dependence of the interaction between non-bonded hydrogen atoms

The simple model of short-range interactions described in the preceding paper has been applied to the study of the orientation dependence of the interaction between the non-bonded hydrogen atoms of two CH fragments. Calculation shows that for the same interatomic distance the interaction energy between non-bonded hydrogen atoms is strongly dependent on the relative orientation of the two bonds even for large values ofR.     

Structural evidence for the radical scavenging mechanism of some aminothiol group of radioprotectants

Aminothiols constitute an important group of radioprotectants. The structures of a few well-known compounds belonging to the family of radioprotectants have been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction methods. The sulphur and the amino nitrogen atoms are separated by two tetrahedral carbon atoms in these compounds. Thegauche conformation of the sulphur and the nitrogen atoms and the consequent non-bonded intramolecular S … N interaction observed in some of the crystal structures appear to favour the hypothesis that the protective mechanism of these compounds is by free radical scavenging.     

Chemistry of the phenoxathiins and isosterically related heterocycles. XXXIII . The influence of intramolecular sulfur-nitro group interactions on the reactivity at sulfur

Nitro-groups positioned ortho to thio-esters have been shown to engage in strong, non-bonded intramolecular interactions between the sulfur atom and one of the nitro-group oxygens. The effect of the sulfur-nitro group oxygen interaction on the chemical reactivity at the sulfur atom of 9-nitro-1-azaphenoxathiin is reported. Conditions which normally produce the sulfone exclusively have been shown to yield the sulfoxide with only a minimal quantity of the sulfone produced. Protracted periods of reflux are required to produce the sulfone from the sulfoxide.     

Coordinative interactions in chelated complexes of silicon: XII. Mapping the expansion of coordination of silicon from 4 to 5. Crystal structure of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-trimethylsilyl-1,10-phenanthroline

Determination of the crystal structure of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-trimethylsilyl-1,10-phenanthroline has shown that coordination geometry at silicon may be regarded as a strongly distorted trigonal bipyramid or as a distorted tetrahedron, depending on where the boundary between bonded and non-bonded interactions is fixed. An intramolecular Si…N Lewis acid base interaction (2.689(8) Å) is present; the Si…N distance is 54% longer than the SiN “single bond” (1.746(8) Å) in the molecule. The structural details for the title compound and other pentacoordinated silicon complexes are used as a base for mapping the expansion of coordination at silicon from four to five. The correlation diagrams are interpreted in terms of geometrical transformations along the S_N2 inversion pathway. They provide a possible model for the molecular motions of dynamic rearrangements involving an intermediate alteration of coordination number (5 → 4 å 5) at Si in chelated complexes of pentacoordinate silicon.     

Synthesis and structure activity relationship studies of benzothieno[3,2-b]furan derivatives as a novel class of IKKbeta inhibitors

As a novel class of IKKbeta inhibitors, a series of tricyclic furan derivatives was designed and synthesized based on the structure of known thiophene IKKbeta inhibitors. Among the various fused furan derivatives synthesized, a benzothieno[3,2-b]furan derivative 13a displayed potent inhibitory activity towards IKKbeta in enzymatic and cellular assays. The potent inhibitory activity originates from an intramolecular non-bonded S...O interaction which was confirmed by the X-ray structure of JNK3 with 16k. The introduction of further substituents on the core structure led to the discovery of the 6-alkoxy derivatives, which possessed a comparable IKKbeta inhibitory activity to 13a and an improved metabolic stability. Among these, appropriately lipophilic compounds 16a, h, i, and 13g (log D>2) were found to possess good oral bioavailability.     

A scheme estimating the energy of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in diols

The relative energies of conformers of 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol are split into a sum of five different terms including the intramolecular OH?O interaction. This scheme allows to estimate the energy of the O-H?O intramolecular hydrogen bond of the tGG′g and gGG′g conformers of 1,3-propanediol, the g′GG′Gt and g′GG′Gg conformers of 1,4-butanediol, and the energy of the non-bonded O-H?O interaction in the g′Gt, g′Gg and g′Gg′ conformers of 1,2-ethanediol. This scheme provides pure hydrogen bond energies without assuming the geometry and/or electronic features to be constant between the conformation having a IHB and a reference conformation. The fitted energies show a perfect linear correlation with the corresponding r(H?O)⁻¹ values. QTAIM atomic electron population and energies of the donor hydrogen calculated along the H-O-C-C internal rotation are found to be linearly correlated. These linear correlations display small changes at the BCP formation in 1,3-propanediol.     

An investigation into the role of chloro-substituents in hydrogen-bonded crystals: The crystal structures of the dichlorophenols

A graphical analysis has been made of hydrogen-bonding patterns and non-bonded interactions in the crystal structures of the six dichlorophenols. This shows that hydrogen bonding is the primary interaction in stabilising all the isomers, and that C?C and Cl?Cl non-bonded interactions are also important in stabilising structures characterised by a short (≈ 4 Ã) axis.     

Inclusion of non-bonded interactions in calculations of vibrational frequencies

The consequences of including non-bonded interactions in the calculation of vibrational frequencies are examined by comparing the results of the consistent force field method (CFF)and a conventional spectroscopic force field calculation method. Sample calculations are given, using ethane as a test case. It is shown that the CFF method is more practical for the calculation of non-bonded interaction parameters for large molecules, provided that the molecular potential energy is first minimized.