低温热处理制备石墨烯-氧化钴及其超级电容性能

采用简单的水热法制备出功能化石墨烯与CoOOH的复合物,再通过低温热处理得到功能化石墨烯-Co3O4复合材料;采用扫描电子显微镜分析了样品的形貌;测定了其电化学性能和氮气吸脱附行为.结果表明,Co3O4粒子很好地负载在石墨烯片层之间和表面;形成的复合物具有纳米孔道结构,这些纳米孔道结构有利于电解液离子的传输;而石墨烯良好的导电性有利于电子传递和提高Co3O4粒子的电容贡献值.与此同时,复合物在充放电电流密度为1A/g时的电容达320F/g,表现出优异的超电容性能.     

一步溶剂热法制备石墨烯/Fe_2O_3复合材料及电容性能研究

以氧化石墨烯为前驱物,硝酸铁为铁源,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,通过一步溶剂热法制备了粒径50nm左右、均匀地分布在石墨烯表面的石墨烯/α-Fe_2O_3(r GO/Fe_2O_3)复合材料。复合材料中的α-Fe_2O_3均匀地分布在石墨烯片层上,有效的减少了氧化铁纳米颗粒和石墨烯的团聚,实现了氧化铁与石墨烯片之间高效的组装。通过电容性能测试表明,在6 M KOH溶液中,α-Fe_2O_3、r GO和r GO/α-Fe_2O_3复合电极材料2 A/g的电流密度下比电容分别为70 F/g、167 F/g、799 F/g,复合材料的比电容比纯Fe_2O_3有明显提高,倍率特性和循环稳定性能也得到了改善,循环充放电100次后的电容保持率为42%。     

石墨烯/钴镍双氢氧化物复合材料的制备及其超电容特性

采用氧化石墨(GO)还原法制备石墨烯(GNS),以氨水为沉淀剂,在石墨烯存在的情况下,通过Co²⁺和Ni²⁺化学共沉积的方法合成了石墨烯/钴镍双氢氧化物复合电极材料,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、比表面积测试(BET)等技术手段表征了产物的组成、结构和形貌,用循环伏安、恒电流充放电等测试方法对复合材料的电化学性能进行了研究。 研究发现,石墨烯纳米片均匀分散在钴镍双氢氧化物中,改善了钴镍双氢氧化物的传导性和结构稳定性。 电化学测试表明,在1 A/g的电流密度下,复合材料比电容高达2770 F/g,且循环500次后,比电容仍能保持93.4%,呈示该复合材料具有优异的电化学性能。     

废旧锂离子电池基石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料制备及其电化学性能研究

以废旧手机锂离子电池回收的负极石墨粉制备的氧化石墨烯(GO)和苯胺单体为原料,利用GO活化H_2O_2产生的·OH为氧化剂,采用原位复合法制备了不同质量比的石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料,通过FTIR、XRD和SEM对其进行了表征,并利用循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒电流充放电等对其电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,该类石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料具有良好的电化学性能,当电流密度为100mA/g时,质量比为1∶10制备的石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料(rGO/PANI-10)的比电容达到481F/g,较石墨烯比容量(161F/g)提高了199%,较聚苯胺比容量(351F/g)提高了37%;在500mA/g电流密度下,rGO/PANI-10充放电循环1000圈后,电容保持率为77%,表现出较好的循环稳定性。     

氧化石墨超声时间对三维还原氧化石墨烯结构及超级电容性能的影响

将氧化石墨凝胶超声不同时间制备氧化石墨烯(GO)溶胶,再以GO溶胶为前驱体采用一步水热法制备了三维还原氧化石墨烯(3DRGO),采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学测试等研究了不同超声时间对3DRGO的形貌、结构及超级电容性能的影响.结果表明,当超声时间不超过120 min时,经水热反应后还原氧化石墨烯均能形成稳定的三维结构,但随着超声时间的延长,三维结构尺寸不断减小,强度增加,样品的内部结构也由片状逐渐向多孔网状转化;当超声时间超过120 min时,还原氧化石墨烯虽具有网状结构,但在宏观上不利于形成稳定的三维结构.电化学测试结果表明,经不同超声时间所制备的还原氧化石墨烯均表现出较好的超级电容性能,其中超声时间为120 min时制备的3DRGO具有更均匀的多孔网状结构,表现出了最佳的超级电容性能,在1 A/g电流密度下其比电容可达328 F/g,即使在20 A/g的大电流密度条件下,其比电容仍可高达240 F/g.     

微波固相剥离法制备功能化石墨烯及其电化学电容性能研究(英文)

通过微波固相剥离氧化石墨制备了功能化石墨烯材料。石墨烯的剥离,是由于微波加热过程中氧化石墨烯片上的官能团分解为CO2和H2O,产生的压力超过了片层间的范德华力。形貌表征显示了石墨烯的有效剥离和纳米孔结构的形成。红外光谱分析结果表明微波剥离的功能化石墨烯仍然有少量的官能团残留。N2等温吸附-脱附测试结果表明样品具有高比表面积(412.9m2·g-1)和大孔容(1.91cm3·g-1)。电化学测试结果表明功能化石墨烯具有良好的电化学电容行为和207.5F·g-1的比电容。     

类石墨烯碳材料的制备及其电容性能研究

利用三聚氰胺高温下缩聚产生的g-C₃N₄作为二维模板, 同时利用其与对苯二甲醛发生席夫碱反应产生聚合物以及聚合物的碳化, 制备了具有二维形貌的类石墨烯片层碳材料(GLCS), 随后, 将GLCS用KOH进行活化, 得到了具有多孔结构的a-GLCS. 对材料进行透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱测试(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和比表面积分析(BET), 并将材料用作超级电容器电极材料进行电化学测试. 结果表明该方法能够制备得到二维片层碳材料, 并且材料中掺杂有一定量的氮元素. GLCS经过KOH活化后, 比表面积和电容性能都有了大幅提高, 电流密度为1 A/g时GLCS和a-GLCS比容量分别为160和300 F/g.     

聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯复合物的合成及电容性能

通过原位聚合方法制备不同配比的聚吡咯/氧化石墨（PPy/GO）复合物,将其用NaBH4还原得到聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯(PPy/RGO)复合物,采用X射线衍射、红外光谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）对其结构和形貌进行物理表征。 采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗等电化学方法系统研究了所制备样品的电化学性能。 实验结果表明,在电流密度为0.5 A/g、吡咯（Py）与GO质量比为95∶5时,得到的复合物还原前后比电容分别可达401.5和314.5 F/g,远高于单纯的GO（34.8 F/g）和PPy（267.5 F/g）。 经过1200圈循环稳定性测试后,PPy/RGO复合物比电容保持了原来的62.5%,与PPy和PPy/GO（电容保持率分别为16.8%和46.4%）相比,PPy/RGO表现出更好的循环稳定性能,有望成为超级电容器电极材料。     

电化学沉积制备氧化石墨烯/聚吡咯复合材料及其用于超级电容器的研究

本文采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),利用电化学沉积法制备聚吡咯(PPy)和GO/PPy复合材料并对其作为超级电容器电极材料进行了探究。通过XRD、FT-IR、AFM和SEM对其结构和形貌进行了表征,研究表明:PPy成功在GO片层上生长,并改变了原来PPy类逗号形的形貌,形成了无定形结构的GO/PPy复合材料。循环伏安法(CV)对不同电沉积时间的PPy和GO/PPy电容量进行了测试,发现电沉积时间为17min的PPy和GO/PPy均表现出较优的电容性能。在1A/g电流密度下进行恒流充放电(CP)测试,通过比较发现GO/PPy比PPy的比电容量提高了82. 3%,达到332. 37F/g。     

氯化钠模板诱导木质素基多孔炭的制备及其超级电容器性能

以木质素为碳源,氯化钠为模板,通过低温回流使木质素包覆在氯化钠外层,高温煅烧获得木质素基多孔炭,研究了其作为电极材料在超级电容器中的应用。 结果表明,改变煅烧温度可调控所得样品的孔结构,其比表面积在548~600 m²/g之间可变,且随着煅烧温度升高,比表面积和孔体积先增大后减少。 700 ℃煅烧所得样品具有最大的比表面积,并表现出最高的电容性能,其在6 mol/L KOH电解液中比电容可达252 F/g,有效面积电容高达31.2 μF/cm²,模板氯化钠可清洗分离并可循环利用。 提出了一种废弃物高附加值制备超级电容器用多孔炭的绿色方法。     

Single‐Step Functionalization and Exfoliation of Graphene with Polymers under Mild Conditions

The simultaneous polymer functionalization and exfoliation of graphene sheets by using mild bath sonication and heat treatment at low temperature is described. In particular, free‐radical polymerization of three different vinyl monomers takes place in the presence of graphite flakes. The polymerization procedure leads to the exfoliation of graphene sheets and at the same time the growing polymer chains are attached onto the graphene lattice, which gives solubility and stability to the final graphene‐based hybrid material. The polymer‐functionalized graphene sheets possess fewer defects as compared with previously reported polymer‐functionalized graphene. The success of the covalent functionalization and exfoliation of graphene was confirmed by using a variety of complementary spectroscopic, thermal, and microscopy techniques, including Raman, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy.     

Functionalized graphene oxide-reinforced electrospun carbon nanofibers as ultrathin supercapacitor electrode

Graphene oxide has been used widely as a starting precursor for applications that cater to the needs of tunable graphene. However, the hydrophilic characteristic limits their application, especially in a hydrophobic condition. Herein, a novel non-covalent surface modification approach towards graphene oxide was conducted via a UV-induced photo-polymerization technique that involves two major routes; a UV-sensitive initiator embedded via pi-pi interactions on the graphene planar rings, and the polymerization of hydrophobic polymeric chains along the surface. The functionalized graphene oxide successfully achieved the desired hydrophobicity as it displayed the characteristic of being readily dissolved in organic solvent. Upon its addition into a polymeric solution and subjected to an electrospinning process,non-woven random nanofibers embedded with graphene oxide sheets were obtained. The prepared polymeric nanofibers were subjected to two-step thermal treatments that eventually converted the polymeric chains into a carbon-rich conductive structure. A unique morphology was observed upon the addition of the functionalized graphene oxide, whereby the sheets were embedded and intercalated within the carbon nanofibers and formed a continuous structure. This reinforcement effectively enhanced the electrochemical performance of the carbon nanofibers by recording a specific capacitance of up to 140.10 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g, which was approximately three folds more than that of pristine nanofibers.It also retained the capacitance up to 96.2% after 1000 vigorous charge/discharge cycles. This functionalization technique opens up a new pathway in tuning the solubility nature of graphene oxide towards the synthesis of a graphene oxide-reinforced polymeric structure.     

Graphene anchored with mesoporous NiO nanoplates as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Graphene is an excellent substrate to load nanomaterials for energy applications due to its large surface area, excellent conductivity, mechanical strength, and chemical stability. In this study, thermal exfoliated functionalized graphene sheets with good conductivity and high BET surface area are anchored with mesoporous NiO nanoplates by in situ chemical synthesis approach. Electrochemical characterization shows that functionalized graphene sheets–NiO sample exhibits a high capacity of about 700 mAh/g at a discharge current density of 100 mA/g and a good cycling ability. The high capacity and good cycling ability of functionalized graphene sheets –NiO material were attributed to the intimate interaction between the graphene sheets and NiO nanoplates. The graphene sheets not only enhance the conductivity of NiO nanoplates but also improve the structure stability of NiO nanoplates. Furthermore, the mesoporous structure of NiO nanoplates is available to the transfer of electrolyte. Such functionalized graphene sheets–NiO nanocomposite could be a promising candidate material for a high-capacity, low cost, and nontoxic anode for lithium-ion batteries.     

High-performance supercapacitor electrodes based on graphene hydrogels modified with 2-aminoanthraquinone moieties

2-Aminoanthraquinone (AAQ) molecules were covalently grafted onto chemically modified graphene (CMG), and the AAQ functionalized CMG sheets were self-assembled into macroporous hydrogels for supercapacitor electrodes. The electrode based on the AAQ modified self-assembled graphene hydrogel (AQSGH) showed a high specific capacitance of 258 F g(-1) at a discharge current density of 0.3 A g(-1), which is much larger than that of a pure graphene hydrogel (193 F g(-1)). Furthermore, the AQSGH electrode exhibited excellent rate capability and a long cycle life. This is mainly due to the covalently bonded AAQ moieties contributing additional redox capacitance. Furthermore, the highly conductive graphene hydrogel scaffold provided a large specific surface area for forming electric double layers and convenient routes for charge transfer and electrolyte diffusion.     

Surface modification by graphene oxide:An efficient strategy to improve the performance of activated carbon based supercapacitors

An efficient and cost-effective strategy to modificate the surface of active carbon (AC), form a 3D-conductive network, and therefore improve the electrochemical performance of AC based supercapacitor was developed.     

An efficient way to functionalize graphene sheets with presynthesized polymer via ATNRC chemistry

Graphene nanosheets offer intriguing electronic, thermal and mechanical properties and are expected to find a variety of applications in high‐performance nanocomposite materials. The great challenge of exfoliating and dispersing pristine graphite or graphene sheets in various solvents or matrices can be achieved by facilely and properly chemical functionalization of the carbon nanosheets. Here we reported an efficient way to functionalize graphene sheets with presynthesized polymer via a combination of atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling chemistry with the grafting‐onto strategy, which enable us to functionalize graphene sheets with well‐defined polymer synthesized via living radical polymerization. A radical scavenger species, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO), was firstly anchored onto ? COOH groups on graphene oxide (GO) to afford TEMPO‐functionalized graphene sheets (GS‐TEMPO), meanwhile, the GO sheets were thermally reduced. Next, GS‐TEMPO reacted with Br‐terminated well‐defined poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) homopolymer, which was presynthesized by SET‐LRP, in the presence of CuBr/N,N,N′,N′,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine to form PNIPAM‐graphene sheets (GS‐PNIPAM) nanocomposite in which the polymers were covalently linked onto the graphene via the alkoxyamine conjunction points. The PNIPAM‐modified graphene sheets are easily dispersible in organic solvents and water, and a temperature‐induced phase transition was founded in the water suspension of GS‐PNIPAM. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

An Electrochemical Route to Quantitative Oxidation of Graphene Frameworks with Controllable C/O Ratios and Added Pseudocapacitances

We report an electrochemical oxidation route to tunable C/O ratios in the graphene framework, creating enhanced pseudocapacitance with increasing oxygen content. Controlled surface functionalities on graphene enable a high specific capacitance and negligible electric conductivity loss. A specific capacitance of up to 279 F g^?1 was achieved for the functionalized graphene at a discharge current of 1 A g^?1 in 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte; this capacitance remained as high as 152 F g^?1 at 100 A g^?1. These values are much higher than those of non‐oxidized graphene. These excellent performances of the functionalized graphene signify the importance of precise control of the surface chemistry of graphene‐based materials.     

石墨烯纸的制备及电容特性

利用未经任何分散处理的氧化石墨溶胶在气-液界面自组装得到氧化石墨纸(ϕ=10 cm), 将氧化石墨纸在不同温度下用水合肼蒸气还原制得石墨烯纸. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 Raman光谱、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及氮吸附对还原前后样品的微观结构、 表面特性、 元素组成及比表面积进行了表征, 在此基础上考察了还原处理及还原温度对材料电容特性的影响. 结果表明, 在150 ℃下还原氧化石墨纸得到的石墨烯纸具有较好的电化学电容特性, 其在1000 mA/g恒定充放电电流密度下, 6 mol/L KOH电解质溶液中的质量比电容达到142 F/g, 1000次充放电循环后电容保持率为99.8%.     

Polymerization of pyrrole induced by pillar[5]arene functionalized graphene for supercapacitor electrode

Conducting polymer is an important electrode material for supercapacitors because of its high initial specific capacitance. Herein, a novel nanocomposite composed of polypyrrole (PPy) film homogeneously immobilized on the pillar[5]arene functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (RGO-HP5A-PPy) was successfully prepared. RGO-HP5A induced pyrrole to polymerize on the graphene surface and the specific capacitance loss caused by PPy agglomeration was avoided. Noticeably, the specific capacitance of RGO-HP5A-PPy was up to 495 F/g at 1 A/g. Compared with pure PPy (319 F/g), the specific capacitance was increased by 55%. The specific capacitance retention of the assembled symmetric supercapacitor reached 76% after 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g. This study gave full play to the advantages of pillar[5]arene, graphene and PPy, and was expected to promote the development of supramolecular functionalized composites in energy storage.