用含有机粘土的固定相分析低沸点芳香烃类

用一般的色谱固定液不能将八碳芳烃异构体中的间位和对位二甲苯很好地分开。含有长链脂肪族胺的有机粘土可以达到这个目的,但是它却不能分离乙苯和对二甲苯,同时邻二甲苯在间二甲苯之前流出。十八烷可以很好地分离乙苯和对二甲苯,但邻二甲苯在间二甲苯以后流出,而且它对于邻二甲苯的滞留作用不强。邻苯二甲酸二壬酯虽然对于乙苯和对二甲苯分离的作用不大,但对于邻二甲苯有较强的亲和力。因此,将上述三者适当地配合可以将八碳芳烃的四个异构体很好地分开。采用串联柱或混合固定液都可以达到上述目的。     

C_8芳烃异构体+异丙醇体系在333.15K时的过量摩尔Gibbs自由能

采用CP-I型汽液平衡双循环釜,测定了333.15 K时乙苯+异丙醇、邻二甲苯+异丙醇、间二甲苯+异丙醇、对二甲苯+异丙醇四个体系的汽液平衡数据,计算了该温度下四个体系的过量摩尔Gibbs自由能,并对所测数据进行了恒温下热力学一致性检验。用Wilson方程关联了实验数据,拟合精度令人满意。     

间二甲苯＋对二甲苯二元系的固液相平衡

间二甲苯＋对二甲苯二元系的固液相平衡车冠全，古喜兰，云逢存（中山大学化学系，广州５１０２７５）混合二甲苯是石油化工的主要产品之一，年产３０万吨乙烯工程有混合二甲苯几万吨。邻、间、对二甲苯和乙苯大量用于制造聚酯纤维、改性聚酯纤维、聚酯树脂、不饱和聚酯树...     

吹扫捕集气相色谱法测定卷烟包装卡纸中苯系物残留

采用吹扫捕集气相色谱法测定卷烟包装卡纸中苯系物残留,并对测试条件进行了优化。所测定的苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯等在4.3~900μg.L-1浓度范围具有良好的线性,相关系数均达到0.999 9,检出限为1.0~11.6 ng.g-1,回收率为91.5%~109.2%,重复测定5次的相对标准偏差为1.73%~3.24%。     

生活饮用水中苯系物的顶空气相色谱测定法

建立顶空气相色谱法测定生活饮用水中微量苯系物的方法,各组分的分离度较好.苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、异丙苯的检出限分别为0.002、0.004、0.005、0.007、0.007、0.008、0.005 mg/L,样品的平均加标回收率为97.0%～100.8%,测量结果的相对标准偏差不大于5.1%(n=5),该方法可满足水中苯系物的检测要求.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定地板材料中8种挥发性有机物质

应用气相色谱-质谱法测定了地板中甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、苯乙烯、乙酸丁酯、正十一烷等8种挥发性有机物质的含量。地板样品(5g)用甲醇(15mL)超声提取20min,所得提取液用Rxi-5ms毛细管色谱柱分离,在选择离子监测模式下测定。8种挥发性有机物质的质量浓度(间二甲苯与对二甲苯合并计算)均在0.5~10.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.05~1.0mg·L-1之间。加标回收率在98.0%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.3%~6.6%之间。     

对二甲苯的分离及其红外光谱的鉴定

对二甲苯是化学合成常用的原料,但普通的二甲苯大都由对、间、邻二甲苯等同分异构体所组成。由于它们的沸点极其相近,用一般的分镏法是很难得到纯的对二甲苯。但依据它们之间熔点的不同(对二甲苯:13℃、间二甲苯:-47℃、邻二甲苯:-25℃),采用分步结晶的方法,可很易得到纯对二甲苯。我们并借助纸外光谱的方法,对所得分离物进行了鉴定,还由此找到了分离纯对二甲苯的最好制备条件。     

C_6-C_3芳烃在HZSM-5,PHZSM-5及REY上吸附的红外研究

用红外光谱法研究了C_6—C_8芳烃在HZSM-5,PHZSM-5及REY催化剂表面上的吸附物种。间二甲苯室温吸附在HZSM-5上几乎见不到表征苯环的C—C键伸缩振动吸收蜂,但出现一条很强的表征对二甲苯苯环C—C键的伸缩振动吸收峰,表明吸附的间二甲苯基本上都转化为对二甲苯。反之,室温吸附在HZSM-5上的对二甲苯也部分地转化为间二甲苯(或邻二甲苯)。吸附在HZSM-5上的邻二甲苯则部分地转化为对二甲苯。REY催化剂上的吸附,也有类似的异构化现象。甲苯室温吸附在PHZSM-5上时,却观察到对二甲苯的吸附物种,表明发生了歧化作用。甲苯室温吸附在预吸附CD_3OD的REY催化剂上发生烷基化生成了对二甲苯。此外,还观测到吸附态的C_6D_6分子的D原子与沸石催化剂表面结构的OH基发生D—H交换作用。苯在HZSM-5,PHZSM-5及REY上吸附时,其结构对称性均有不同程度的降低。     

气相色谱法同时测定甲醇中共存杂质和微量芳烃

提出了甲醇中共存杂质(丙酮、乙酸甲酯、乙醇)和微量芳烃(乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯)含量的气相色谱测定方法。用INNOWAX色谱柱,采取程序控制柱温升温,用氢火焰离子检测器,各种化合物完全分离。丙酮、乙酸甲酯和乙醇的线性范围为4.0～20mg.L-1,各芳烃化合物的线性范围为0.4～2.0mg.L-1。方法用于甲醇样品的分析,加标回收率在88%～114%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)为2.56%～4.68%。     

分光光度法测N-甲基吡咯烷酮与某些C8芳烃的分子络合常数

用分光光度法以正己烷、环己烷作稀释剂在紫外区测定N-甲基吡咯烷酮与苯乙烯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯的1:4络合常数K_c,此常数可用以定性地表示弱化学作用的强度。     

Densities and Volumetric Properties of Butyl Acrylate + 1-Butanol, or +2-Butanol, or +2-Methyl-1-propanol, or +2-Methyl-2-propanol Binary Mixtures at Temperatures from 288.15 to 318.15 K

The densities, ρ, of binary mixtures of butyl acrylate with 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol, including those of the pure liquids, were measured over the entire composition range at temperatures of (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K and atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data, the excess molar volume $ V_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}} $ V m E , partial molar volumes $ \overline{V}_{\text{m,1}} $ V ¯ m,1 and $ \overline{V}_{\text{m,2}} $ V ¯ m,2 , and excess partial molar volumes $ \overline{V}_{\text{m,1}}^{\text{E}} $ V ¯ m,1 E and $ \overline{V}_{\text{m,2}}^{\text{E}} $ V ¯ m,2 E , were calculated over the whole composition range as were the partial molar volumes $ \overline{V}_{\text{m,1}}^{^\circ } $ V ¯ m,1 ° and $ \overline{V}_{\text{m,2}}^{^\circ } $ V ¯ m,2 ° , and excess partial molar volumes $ \overline{V}_{\text{m,1}}^{{^\circ {\text{E}}}} $ V ¯ m,1 ° E and $ \overline{V}_{\text{m,2}}^{{^\circ {\text{E}}}} $ V ¯ m,2 ° E , at infinite dilution,. The $ V_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}} $ V m E values were found to be positive over the whole composition range for all the mixtures and at each temperature studied, indicating the presence of weak (non-specific) interactions between butyl acrylate and alkanol molecules. The deviations in $ V_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}} $ V m E values follow the order: 1-butanol < 2-butanol < 2-methyl-1-propanol < 2-methyl-2-propanol. It is observed that the $ V_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}} $ V m E values depend upon the position of alkyl groups in alkanol molecules and the interactions between butyl acrylate and isomeric butanols decrease with increase in the number of alkyl groups at α-carbon atom in the alkanol molecules.     

Densities,Ultrasonic Velocities,Excess Properties and IR Spectra of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Organic Esters (Ethyl Lactate,Some Organic Carbonates)

Organic esters of carbonic acid {dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC)/propylene carbonate (PC)}, in combination with a lactate ester {ethyl lactate (EL)}, with green chemistry characteristics were chosen for the present study of molecular interactions in binary liquid mixtures. Densities (ρ) and ultrasonic velocities (U) of the pure solvents and liquid mixtures were measured experimentally over the entire composition range at temperatures (303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K and atmospheric pressure. The experimental data was used to calculate thermodynamic and acoustic parameters \( V_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}} \), \( \kappa_{S}^{\text{E}} \), \( L_{\text{f}}^{\text{E}} \), \( \bar{V}_{\text{m,1}}^{{}} \), \( \bar{V}_{\text{m,2}}^{{}} \), \( \bar{V}_{\text{m,1}}^{\text{E}} \), \( \bar{V}_{\text{m,2}}^{\text{E}} \), \( \bar{V}_{ 1}^{\text{E,0}} \) and \( \bar{V}_{ 2}^{\text{E,0}} \) and the excess functions were fitted with the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation to obtain the binary solution coefficients and the standard deviations. It was observed that the values of \( V_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}} \), \( \kappa_{S}^{\text{E}} \) and \( L_{\text{f}}^{\text{E}} \) are positive for the mixtures of (EL + DMC/DEC) and negative for those of (EL + PC) over the entire range of composition and temperature. The positive values of \( V_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}} \), \( \kappa_{S}^{\text{E}} \) and \( L_{\text{f}}^{\text{E}} \) indicate the action of dispersion forces between the component molecules of (EL + DMC/DEC) mixtures whereas negative values for the mixture (EL + PC) suggest the existence of strong specific interactions between the component molecules, probably resulting from chemical and structural contributions. The excess properties have also been analyzed by using the reduced (\( Y^{\text{E}} /x_{1} x_{2} \)) excess function approach and the results are found to be in agreement with those from the corresponding \( Y^{\text{E}} \)(= \( V_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}} \), \( \kappa_{S}^{\text{E}} \) and \( L_{\text{f}}^{\text{E}} \)) values. This is further supported by FTIR spectral analysis.     

Densities and Speeds of Sound of Binary Liquid Mixtures of 1,4-Butanediol with 2-Methoxyethanol and 2-Propoxyethanol at <Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis> = (303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K

Densities, ρ, and speeds of sound, u, for the binary liquid mixtures of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) + 2-alkoxyethanols {2-methoxyethanol (2-ME), or 2-propoxyethanol (2-PE)} over the whole composition range have been measured at T = (303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K, and at atmospheric pressure (p = 0.1 kPa). Experimental data for the densities and speeds of sound have been used to derive the quantities like excess molar volume, \( V_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}} \), excess isentropic compressibility, \( \kappa_{S}^{\text{E}} \), excess molar isentropic compressibility, \( K_{{S,{\text{m}}}}^{\text{E}} \), excess speed of sound, \( u^{\text{E}} \), and excess isobaric thermal expansion \( \alpha_{p}^{\text{E}} \). These excess parameters were correlated by Redlich–Kister polynomials. Excess partial molar volumes (\( \bar{V}_{\text{m,1}}^{\text{E}} \) and \( \bar{V}_{\text{m,2}}^{\text{E}} \)) and their limiting values at infinite dilution (\( \bar{V}_{\text{m,1}}^{{ 0 {\text{E}}}} \) and \( {\bar{\text{V}}}_{\text{m,2}}^{{ 0 {\text{E}}}} \)) have been calculated from the experimental density measurements and were analytically obtained using the Redlich–Kister polynomials. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions and their dependence on composition and temperature.     

Densities and Volumetric Properties of Binary Mixtures of Formamide with 1-Butanol, 2-Butanol, 1,3-Butanediol and 1,4-Butanediol at Temperatures between 293.15 and 318.15 K

The densities of binary mixtures of formamide (FA) with 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1,3-butanediol, and 1,4-butanediol, including those of the pure liquids, over the entire composition range were measured at temperatures (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K and atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data, the excess molar volume, V _m ^E, partial molar volumes, and , at infinite dilution, and excess partial molar volumes, and , at infinite dilution were calculated. The variation of these parameters with composition and temperature of the mixtures are discussed in terms of molecular interactions in these mixtures. The partial molar expansivities, and , at infinite dilution and excess partial molar expansivities, and , at infinite dilution were also calculated. The V _m ^E values were found to be positive for all the mixtures at each temperature studied, except for FA + 1-butanol which exhibits a sigmoid trend wherein V _m ^E values change sign from positive to negative as the concentration of FA in the mixture is increased. The V _m ^E values for these mixtures follow the order: 1-butanol < 2-butanol < 1,3-butanediol < 1,4-butanediol. It is observed that the V _m ^E values depend upon the number and position of hydroxyl groups in these alkanol molecules.     

Volumetric Properties of 1,3-Dioxolane + Toluene + o- or p-Xylene Ternary Mixtures at 25.00 °C and Atmospheric Pressure

Excess molar volumes, $ V_{123}^{\text{E}} $ V 123 E , of 1, 3-dioxolane (1) + toluene (2) + o- or p-xylene (3) ternary mixtures have been determined dilatometrically over the entire composition range at 298.15 K. For thermodynamic consistency the experimental values were fitted to Redlich–Kister Equation. The $ V_{123}^{\text{E}} $ V 123 E values of 1, 3-dioxolane (1) + toluene (2) + o- or p-xylene (3) ternary mixtures have been found to be negative over the whole composition range. It has been observed that $ V_{123}^{\text{E}} $ V 123 E values calculated by graph theory are of the same sign and magnitude with respect to their experimental values.     

稀土对钒—钛苯酐催化剂活性的影响

在邻二甲苯气相氧化制苯酐的Ｖ２Ｏ５－ＴｉＯ２催化剂中，添加少量Ｌａ、Ｐｒ、Ｓｍ或Ｎｄ后，催化剂活性有不同程度的提高。本文应用ＦＴ－ＩＲ研究了氧化有后的苯酐催化剂，明显观察到在Ｖ－Ｔｉ苯酐催化剂中添加稀土后，Ｖ－Ｏ键的吸收峰发生红移，最大红移达到２３５ｃｍ＾－１。苯酐催化剂加入稀土后，对分子的活化作用与催化活性剂评价的结果是一致的。     

Spectrophotometric extractive determination of thiolactams with picric acid and silver

Summary Spectrophotometric Extractive Determination of Thiolactams with Picric Acid and Silver The thiolactams (Tpl, Tpr, Tkl, Tel) form with Ag⁺ and picric acid in solutions a complex with a molar ratio of AgTLpicric acid=1:1:1, which can be extracted into chloroform. The composition of the solid complexes of thiolactam is 121 (AgTLR). The formation of ternary complexes was used in the spectrophotometric determination of thiolactams in a concentration range of 0.2–5.0g/ml. Lactams do not influence the analytical response. The method is applicable to the determination of the thiolactams in a mixture of caprolactam and in xylene solutions during their synthesis.Communication presented at the European Conference on Analytical Chemistry (Euroanalysis V) Cracow, Poland, August 26–31, 1984.     

Volumetric and Viscometric Studies in Binary Liquid Mixtures of 2-Methyl-2-propanol with Some Ketones at Different Temperatures

Densities, ??, and viscosities, ??, of binary mixtures of 2-methyl-2-propanol with acetone (AC), ethyl methyl ketone (EMK) and acetophenone (AP), including those of the pure liquids, were measured over the entire composition range at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15?K. From these experimental data, the excess molar volume $V_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}}$ , deviation in viscosity ????, partial and apparent molar volumes ( $\overline{V}_{\mathrm{m},1}^{\,\circ }$ , $\overline{V}_{\mathrm{m},2}^{\,\circ }$ , $\overline{V}_{\phi ,1}^{\,\circ}$ and $\overline{V}_{\phi,2}^{\,\circ} $ ), and their excess values ( $\overline{V}_{\mathrm{m},1}^{\,\circ \mathrm{E}}$ , $\overline{V}_{\mathrm{m,2}}^{\,\circ \mathrm{ E}}$ , $\overline {V}_{\phi \mathrm{,1}}^{\,\circ \mathrm{ E}}$ and $\overline{V}_{\phi \mathrm{,2}}^{\,\circ \mathrm{ E}}$ ) of the components at infinite dilution were calculated. The interaction between the component molecules follows the order of AP > AC > EMK.     

Volumetric Properties of Binary Mixtures of Acetonitrile and Chloroalkanes at 25°C and Atmospheric Pressure

Excess molar volumes for binary mixtures of acetonitrile + dichloromethane, acetonitrile + trichloromethane, and acetonitrile + tetracloromethane at 25°C have been used to calculate partial molar volumes , excess partial molar volumes , and apparent molar volumes of each component as a function of composition. The V _m ^Evalues are negative over the entire composition range for the systems studied. The applicability of the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory was explored. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results is satisfactory for the systems with dichloromethane and tetrachloromethane. For the unsymmetrical behavior of the system with trichloromethane, however, the agreement is poor.     

Measurement and Calculation the Excess Molar Properties of Binary Mixtures Containing Isobutanol, 1-Amino-2-Propanol,and 1-Propanol at Temperatures of (293.15 to 333.15) K

Densities, ρ, and viscosities, η, of pure isobutanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, and 1-propanol, along with their binary mixtures of {x ₁isobutanol + x ₂1-propanol}, {x ₁1-amino-2-propanol + x ₂1-propanol}, and {x ₁1-amino-2-propanol + x ₂isobutanol} were measured over the entire composition range and at temperatures (293.15–333.15) K at ambient pressure (81.5 kPa). Excess molar properties such as the excess molar volume, V _m ^E , partial molar volumes, \( \bar{V}_{1} \) and \( \bar{V}_{2} \), excess partial molar volumes, \( \bar{V}_{1}^{\text{E}} \) and \( \bar{V}_{2}^{\text{E}} \), thermal expansion coefficient, α, excess thermal expansion coefficient, α ^E, viscosity deviation, Δη, and the excess Gibbs energy of activation, ?G ^E*, for the binary mixtures were calculated from the experimental values of densities and viscosities. The excess values of the binary mixtures are negative in the entire composition range and at all temperatures, and increase with increasing temperature. Viscosity deviations, Δη, are negative over the entire composition range and decrease with increasing temperature. The viscosities of the mixtures were correlated by the models of McAllister, Heric, Hind, Katti, and Nissan. The obtained data were correlated by Redlich–Kister equation and the fitting parameters and standard deviations were determined.