氢核磁共振定量法测定盐酸伊托必利片含量

以马来酸作为内标物质,氢核磁共振定量法(qHNMR)测定盐酸伊托必利片中盐酸伊托必利的含量。选择盐酸伊托必利δ7. 31～7. 40处为定量峰,马来酸δ6. 31处为内标峰,在恒温300K,弛豫延迟时间15 s,采样时间4. 01 s,扫描次数为64次条件下采集盐酸伊托必利片的qHNMR图谱。比较HPLC法与qHNMR法测定盐酸伊托必利片含量的结果。qHNMR法在2. 31～18. 66 mg·mL~(-1)的范围内线性关系良好。低、中、高浓度的平均回收率分别为98. 52%、99. 72%、101. 11%,RSD为1. 17%(n=9),检测限(LOD)为50. 0 ng·mL~(-1),定量限(LOQ)为120. 0 ng·mL~(-1)。盐酸伊托必利片的qHNMR法含量测定结果与HPLC法的测定结果基本一致。qHNMR法可用于测定盐酸伊托必利片中盐酸伊托必利含量的测定。     

四氯四碘荧光素作显色剂测定盐酸依托必利

以四氯四碘荧光素作为显色剂,研究了测定盐酸伊托必利的适宜条件及光谱特征,建立了测定药物中盐酸伊托必利的简便、快速、准确的吸收光谱法。在弱碱性Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,四氯四碘荧光素与盐酸伊托必利以静电作用发生显色反应生成离子缔合物,在可见光区产生2个具有较强特征的正吸收峰,最大吸收峰位于波长486 nm,次大吸收峰位于554 nm,线性范围均为0.08～7.10 mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为3.54×10~4 L/(mol·cm)和2.79×10~4 L/(mol·cm),检出限为0.042 mg/L(486 nm)和0.048 mg/L(554 nm)。采用双波长(486 nm+554 nm)叠加测定时的检出限为0.022 mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为6.33×10~4 L/(mol·cm),吸光度与0.08～7.10 mg/L范围内的盐酸伊托必利遵从朗伯-比尔定律。该法用于药物中盐酸伊托必利的定量检测,结果满意。     

流动注射化学发光法测定盐酸氟桂利嗪

在酸性条件下,盐酸氟桂利嗪与KMnO4反应可产生弱的化学发光,甲醛的存在对这一反应的化学发光强度具有增强作用。据此,优化了化学发光反应条件,建立了测定盐酸氟桂利嗪的流动注射化学发光分析法。该方法测定盐酸氟桂利嗪的线性范围为8.0×10-7~8.0×10-5g/mL,检出限为8×10-7g/mL,对1.0×10-5g/mL盐酸氟桂利嗪标准溶液进行11次平行测定的相对标准偏差为2.2%。方法已用于盐酸氟桂利嗪胶囊中盐酸氟桂利嗪的测定。     

铁氰化钾-Fe(Ⅲ)分光光度法测定盐酸氯丙嗪

建立了以铁氰化钾-Fe(Ⅲ)体系测定盐酸氯丙嗪的新方法.研究表明,盐酸氯丙嗪可以使Fe(Ⅲ)还原为Fe(Ⅱ),还原生成的Fe(Ⅱ)可以与K3[Fe(CN)6]反应生成可溶性普鲁士蓝KFe[Fe(CN)6].盐酸氯丙嗪的质量浓度在0.21-32.00μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈现良好线性关系,线性回归方程A=0.01854+0.07652p(μg/mL),相关系数R=0.9992,摩尔吸光系数ε=2.5×10(4)·L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限0.12μg/mL.方法用于测定药物和血清中盐酸氯丙嗪含量,回收率为98.1%～101.3%.     

顺序注射动力学分析法测定盐酸肾上腺素

研究发现,盐酸肾上腺素能够抑制Fenton试剂与罗丹明B的褪色反应,基于这一现象,建立了一种自动化快速测定盐酸肾上腺素的新方法。系统研究了顺序注射控制程序及参数,优化了试剂的用量以及pH等的影响。在最佳条件下,测定盐酸肾上腺素的线性范围是0.050～1.0μg/mL,检出限为0.03μg/mL,每小时可连续进样36次,每个样品测定仅消耗试剂0.165 mL。相对标准偏差为3.4%(0.8μg/mL盐酸肾上腺素,n=11)。常见化学物质和药物添加剂不影响测定。用于药物、水样、尿液中盐酸肾上腺素的测定,回收率在96%～103%之间。t-检验证明本法测定结果与药物标示量之间无显著性差异。     

铁氰化钾-钙黄绿素体系后化学发光反应测定盐酸硫利达嗪

报道了盐酸硫利达嗪在铁氰化钾-钙黄绿素化学发光反应体系中的后化学发光反应。优化了反应条件,并建立了一种利用后化学发光反应测定盐酸硫利达嗪的流动注射化学发光分析法。方法的检出限为2.0×10-7g/mL,对2.0×10-6g/mL盐酸硫利达嗪测定的相对标准偏差为2.0%(n=11),线性范围为5.0×10-7～5.0×10-5g/mL。该法已用于盐酸硫利达嗪片剂中盐酸硫利达嗪含量的测定,结果与药典方法测定值一致。     

鲁米诺-铁氰化钾化学发光体系测定盐酸异丙肾上腺素

在碱性条件下，铁氰化钾氧化鲁米诺产生发光，盐酸异丙肾上腺素对该体系有显著的增强作用。基于此并结合流动注射技术建立了测定盐酸异丙肾上腺素的新方法。该方法具有很高的灵敏度，检出限为8．6ng／L(IUPAC)；线性范围为0．05～10μg/L。对1．0μg/L盐酸异丙肾上腺素平行测定11次，其相对标准偏差为3．6％。     

流动注射-化学发光法测定盐酸三氟拉嗪

根据盐酸三氟拉嗪能显著增强铁氰化钾-鲁米诺体系的化学发光强度,建立了测定盐酸三氟拉嗪的流动注射-化学发光分析法.方法的线性范围为1.0×10-6～2.0×10-5 g/mL,2.0×10-5～1.0×10-4g/mL,线性相关系数分别为0.9996 和0.9990,相对标准偏差为1.4%(p=1.0×10-5 g/mL...     

甘薯中总硒含量和无机硒含量分析的响应面优化

以富硒甘薯为材料,采用单因素实验结合响应面分析法,对原子荧光光谱法测定甘薯薯块中硒含量的条件进行了优化。结果表明,薯块中硒含量的最佳测定条件为:鲜薯样品烘干温度为40℃,硝酸和高氯酸的混合酸比例为5∶1,介质盐酸浓度为20.0%,载液盐酸浓度为5.0%,硼氢化钾浓度为(30g/L),抗干扰剂铁氰化钾浓度为25μg/mL;测定无机硒含量的最适前处理条件为:提取液为乙醇(45%),水浴温度为40℃,超声提取时间为30min。方法的加标回收率为96.70%～106%,检出限为0.031 4μg/L。方法测定结果可靠,适用于甘薯中硒含量的检测。     

流动注射协同化学发光法测定盐酸多巴胺

基于在碱性介质中,盐酸多巴胺和单宁协同促进KIO4氧化鲁米诺反应而产生发光,建立了流动注射化学发光法测定盐酸多巴胺的新方法。该方法测定盐酸多巴胺的线性范围为2.0×10-10～6.0×10-8g/mL,检出限为1.17×10-10g/mL,对于8.0×10-10g/mL盐酸多巴胺测定11次的相对标准偏差为1.92%。方法可应用于盐酸多巴胺注射液和尿样中盐酸多巴胺的测定。     

LC–MS Simultaneous Determination of Itopride Hydrochloride and Domperidone in Human Plasma

A rapid, simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of itopride hydrochloride and domperidone in human plasma. Both drugs were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and saturated borax solution. The chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column with a mobile phase of water–methanol (2:98, v/v) containing 0.5% formic acid. The protonated analyte was quantitated in positive ionization by multiple reaction monitoring with a mass spectrometer. The assay exhibited linearity over the concentration range of 3.33–500 ng mL⁻¹ for itopride hydrochloride and 3.33–100 ng mL⁻¹ for domperidone in human plasma. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 359.1–72.3 and 426.0–147.2 were used to measure itopride hydrochloride and domperidone respectively. The method was found suitable for the analysis of plasma samples collected during phase 1 pharmacokinetics study of itopride HCl 50 mg and domperidone 20 mg in 12 healthy volunteers after single oral doses of the combination drug.

     

LC–MS Simultaneous Determination of Itopride Hydrochloride and Domperidone in Human Plasma

A rapid, simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of itopride hydrochloride and domperidone in human plasma. Both drugs were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and saturated borax solution. The chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column with a mobile phase of water–methanol (2:98, v/v) containing 0.5% formic acid. The protonated analyte was quantitated in positive ionization by multiple reaction monitoring with a mass spectrometer. The assay exhibited linearity over the concentration range of 3.33–500 ng mL^?1 for itopride hydrochloride and 3.33–100 ng mL^?1 for domperidone in human plasma. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 359.1–72.3 and 426.0–147.2 were used to measure itopride hydrochloride and domperidone respectively. The method was found suitable for the analysis of plasma samples collected during phase 1 pharmacokinetics study of itopride HCl 50 mg and domperidone 20 mg in 12 healthy volunteers after single oral doses of the combination drug.     

Spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of rabeprazole sodium and itopride hydrochloride in capsule dosage form

A new simple, economical, rapid, precise and accurate method for simultaneous determination of rabeprazole sodium and itopride hydrochloride in capsule dosage form has been developed. The method is based on ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry. The amplitudes in the first derivative of the corresponding ratio spectra at 231nm (minima) and 260nm were selected to determine rabeprazole sodium and itopride hydrochloride, respectively. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision and accuracy.     

Determination of itopride in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric detection: application to a bioequivalence study

A simple method using a one-step liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with butyl acetate followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with positive ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS/MS) detection was developed for the determination of itopride in human plasma, using sulpiride as an internal standard (IS). Acquisition was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, by monitoring the transitions: m/z 359.5 > 166.1 for itopride and m/z 342.3 > 111.6 for IS, respectively. Analytes were chromatographed on an YMC C₁₈ reverse-phase chromatographic column by isocratic elution with 1 mM ammonium acetate buffer-methanol (20: 80, v/v; pH 4.0 adjusted with acetic acid). Results were linear (r² = 0.9999) over the studied range (0.5-1000 ng mL⁻¹) with a total analysis time per run of 2 min for LC-MS/MS. The developed method was validated and successfully applied to bioequivalence studies of itopride hydrochloride in healthy male volunteers.     

Determination of itopride hydrochloride by high-performance liquid chromatography with Ru(bpy)3 electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection

In this work, a stable electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) detector was developed. The detector was prepared by packing cation-exchanged resin particles in a glass tube, followed by inserting Pt wires (working electrode) in this tube and sealing. The leakage of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ can be compensated by adding a small amount of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ into solution phase. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography separation, the detector has been used for determination of itopride hydrochloride in human serum. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL intensity has a linear relationship with the concentration of itopride hydrochloride in the range of 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ g mL⁻¹ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ g mL⁻¹ and the detection limit was 3 × 10⁻⁹ g mL⁻¹ (S/N = 3). The as-prepared ECL detector displayed good sensitivity and stability.     

Continuous matrix assisted refolding of alpha-lactalbumin by ion exchange chromatography with recycling of aggregates combined with ultradiafiltration

Continuous matrix assisted refolding (MAR) can be achieved on a solid support by using a continuous chromatographic system. Recycling the aggregate fraction, simultaneously formed during a refolding reaction, can further increase the refolding yield. Due to the nature of this reaction, aggregates are the main reason for a refolding yield below stoichiometric conversion. A preparative continuous annular chromatographic system (P-CAC) equipped with an ion exchange resin was used to continuously refold the model protein alpha-lactalbumin. For this purpose, this protein was denatured, reduced and adsorbed on the ion exchange resin. Elution was performed with or without redox reagents in the buffer system permitting fast formation of the native disulfide bonds. In the case redox reagents were present, the protein refolds then during its residence time on the matrix. However, aggregate formation is also increased and refolding yields are lower. Tightly bound aggregates were removed from the column by 2M guanidinium hydrochloride. In order to increase the system yield, this aggregate fraction was recycled after lowering the conductivity by ultradiafiltration and adjustment of the protein concentration by dilution. For on-column refolding, recycling of aggregates at a recycling rate of 0.17 increased the system yield from 25% to 30%. An algorithm was developed to show interdependencies of the single influencing parameters. The operability of the system was demonstrated but limitations due to instability of the P-CAC, especially inhomogeneous flow and peak wobbling, have to be considered.     

Preparation of hydrophobic interaction chromatographic packings based on monodisperse poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-ethylenedimethacrylate) beads and their application

The monodisperse, poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-ethylenedimethacrylate) beads with macroporous in the range of 8.0-12.0 microm were prepared by a single-step swelling and polymerization method. The seed particles prepared by dispersion polymerization exhibited good absorption of the monomer phase. The pore size distribution of the beads was evaluated by gel permeation chromatography and mercury instrusion method. Based on this media, a hydrophobic interaction chromatographic (HIC) stationary phase for HPLC was synthesized by a new chemically modified method. The prepared resin has advantages for biopolymer separation, high column efficiency, low column backpressure, high protein mass recovery and good resolution for proteins. The dynamic protein loading capacity of the synthesized HIC packings was 40.0 mg/ml. Six proteins were fast separated in less than 8.0 min using the synthesized HIC stationary phase. The HIC resin was firstly used for the purification and simultaneous renaturation of recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhIFN-gamma) in the extract solution containing 7.0 mol/l guanidine hydrochloride with only one step. The purity and specific bioactivity of the purified of rhIFN-gamma was found more than 95% and 1.3 x 10(8) IU/mg, respectively.     

Determination of tetraethyl ammonium by ion-pair chromatography with indirect ultraviolet detection using 4-aminophenol hydrochloride as background ultraviolet absorbing reagent

A method was developed for the determination of tetraethyl ammonium (TEA) by reversed-phase ionpair chromatography with indirect ultraviolet detection. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column using background ultraviolet absorbing reagent - ion-pair reagent - organic solvent as mobile phase. The effects of the background ultraviolet absorbing reagents, detection wavelength, ion-pair reagents, organic solvents and column temperature on the determination method were investigated and the retention rules discussed. Results found that TEA could be successfully analyzed by using 0.7 μmol/L 4-aminophenol hydrochloride and 0.15 μmol/L 1-heptanesulfonic acid sodium mixed with 20% (v/v) methanol asmobile phase at a UV detection wavelength of 230 nm. Under these conditions, the retention time of tetraethyl ammonium was 2.85 min. The detection limit (S/N = 3) for TEA was 0.06 mg/L. The relative standard deviations (n = 5) for peak area and retention time were 0.35% and 0.02%, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of synthesized tetraethyl ammonium bromide. Recovery of tetraethyl ammonium after spiking was 99.1%.     

柱液体色谱分析沥青类产品的烃族组成

以柱液体色谱联合红外光谱(IR)、元素分析等手段,建立了一项测定渣油和沥青中烃族的族组成分析方法.通过色谱参数的评选和红外光谱的核实所建立的此方法具有溶剂和担体用量少、色谱分辨率高的特点,是一安全、经济、先进的族组成分析方法.所建方法中,选择的模型化合物为试剂纯碳24烷烃、二苯并[ah]蒽、乙酰苯胺.冲洗所获模型物制备段分,其红外光谱特征和元素分析结果和原试剂相一致,且具有好的回收率.所建方法对渣油和沥青实样的测定,不仅有很好的重复性,还具有很高的分离、分辩能力.IR和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)的测定充分地证实了各制备段的不同特征.     

Chemiluminescence flow sensor for the determination of ascorbic acid with immobilized reagents

A novel flow sensor based on chemiluminescence (CL) for the determination of ascorbic acid has been proposed. The analytical reagents, luminol and ferricyanide, were both immobilized on an anion-exchange resin column. The CL signal produced by the reaction between luminol and ferricyanide, which were eluted from the column through sodium phosphate injection, was decreased in the presence of ascorbic acid. The CL emission intensity was linear with ascorbic acid concentration in the range 0.01-0.8 mug ml(-1); the detection limit was 5.5 x 10(-3) mug ml(-1). The whole process, including sampling and washing, could be completed in 1 min with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The sensor could be reused more than 100 times and has been applied successfully to the analysis of ascorbic acid in pills and vegetables.