基于拟牛顿法的连铸结晶器热传导反问题求解

在实际的工业过程中,热传导反问题广泛的存在于各个应用领域。由于连铸的生产环境恶劣,给连铸钢坯的测温造成了很大的困难,导致连铸结晶器热传导反问题的求解是很困难的。在研究了热传导反演算法的基础上,基于连铸结晶器的有限的测量点,通过热传导反演算法可以求出结晶器的热流密度,给连铸的优化和控制提供依据。在建立了连铸热传导反问题模型的基础上,提出了基于拟牛顿法的连铸结晶器热传导反问题求解的改进算法,该算法可以有效的利用当前搜索过程中的信息,通过近似目标函数的二阶导数来加快算法的搜索效率,采用了Wolf步长选择规则克服了算法收敛速率慢的缺点,并且该算法无需计算Hessen矩阵,能够有效降低计算的复杂度。实验结果表明该算法能够快速有效的求解该问题。该方法用于连铸结晶器热传导反问题是可行的、有效的。     

过模波导器件的迭代设计方法

从模式保留和转换的角度, 过模波导器件可分为模式转换器、模式保留器和模式综合器. 传统方法只解决其中一种器件的设计或者对器件的某个指标进行改进. 本文在深入分析耦合波理论之后, 提出了过模波导器件的迭代设计方法, 从原理上解决了过模波导器件的设计问题. 该方法能够统一设计三类过模波导器件, 通过添加不同的结构控制方法, 可得到转换效率更高、带宽更宽、结构更紧凑、满足不同工程需求的器件, 而且还能有效设计一些新型器件. 给出了两个设计实例: 双频TM₀₁–TE₁₁模式变换器和光壁馈源喇叭. 双频TM₀₁–TE₁₁模式变换器的两个工作频点为8.75 GHz和10.3 GHz, 波导半径为16 mm, 在两个频点转换效率为99%以上. 光壁馈源喇叭实现TE₁₁模式向高斯束的转换. CST仿真结果验证了这两个器件设计的正确性和有效性. 关键词： 耦合波理论 模式转换器 模式过渡器 迭代法     

High-performance zig-zag and meander inductors embedded in ferrite material

This paper describes the design, modeling, simulation and fabrication of zig-zag and meander inductors embedded in low- or high-permeability soft ferrite material. These microinductors have been developed with ceramic coprocessing technology. We compare the electrical properties of zig-zag and meander inductors structures installed as surface-mount devices. The equivalent model of the new structures is presented, suitable for design, circuit simulations and for prediction of the performance of proposed inductors. The relatively high impedance values allow these microinductors to be used in high-frequency suppressors. The components were tested in the frequency range of 1 MHz–3 GHz using an Agilent 4287A RF LCR meter. The measurements confirm the validity of the analytical model.     

The form-invariance of wave equations without requiring a priori relations between field variables

According to the principle of relativity,the equations describing the laws of physics should have the same forms in all admissible frames of reference,i.e.,form-invariance is an intrinsic property of correct wave equations.However,so far in the design of metamaterials by transformation methods,the form-invariance is always proved by using certain relations between field variables before and after coordinate transformation.The main contribution of this paper is to give general proofs of form-invariance of electromagnetic,sound and elastic wave equations in the global Cartesian coordinate system without using any assumption of the relation between field variables.The results show that electromagnetic wave equations and sound wave equations are intrinsically form-invariant,but traditional elastodynamic equations are not.As a by-product,one can naturally obtain new elastodynamic equations in the time domain that are locally accurate to describe the elastic wave propagation in inhomogeneous media.The validity of these new equations is demonstrated by some numerical simulations of a perfect elastic wave rotator and an approximate elastic wave cloak.These findings are important for solving inverse scattering problems in many fields such as seismology,nondestructive evaluation and metamaterials.     

An object-oriented designed finite-difference time-domain simulator for electromagnetic analysis and design in MRI--applications to high field analyses

This paper presents a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulator for electromagnetic analysis and design applications in MRI. It is intended to be a complete FDTD model of an MRI system including all RF and low-frequency field generating units and electrical models of the patient. The program has been constructed in an object-oriented framework. The design procedure is detailed and the numerical solver has been verified against analytical solutions for simple cases and also applied to various field calculation problems. In particular, the simulator is demonstrated for inverse RF coil design, optimized source profile generation, and parallel imaging in high-frequency situations. The examples show new developments enabled by the simulator and demonstrate that the proposed FDTD framework can be used to analyze large-scale computational electromagnetic problems in modern MRI engineering.     

Triple negative permeability band in plasmon-hybridized cut-wire-pair metamaterials

We expand the picture of plasmon hybridization in metamagnetic structure via numerically studying the electromagnetic coupling in the metallic cut-wire-pair super cells. It is shown that a triple negative permeability band can be achieved by systematically controlling the plasmon hybridization in such the structure. The corresponding transmission properties as well as the electromagnetic responses of the plasmon-hybridized structures were presented by using the finite integration technique simulations. Our results would reveal a promising design to obtain the multiple negative refractions based on the combination of hybridized cut-wire-pairs and continuous wires.     

基于时间反演技术的电磁器件端口场与内部场转换方法

随着电磁器件的集成化,器件搭载的模块、实现的功能愈发多样.各模块间的耦合难以忽略,设计难度陡然增加,传统设计方法逐渐力不从心,迫切需要寻找一种新的电磁综合设计方法.本文利用时间反演电磁波的时空同步聚焦特性,探索了将时间反演技术应用于器件设计的可能性.首先,基于通用的器件逆设计流程,利用时间反演技术、并矢格林函数及电磁学的基本原理,提出了将器件端口场分布转换为内部场分布的方法,并证明由端口期望场的时间反演场在空间某一位置获得的连续等效源的共轭分布可在端口处产生与期望场接近的场分布.且在单点频逆设计过程中,只需知道端口电场或磁场的切向分量即可完成端口场与内部场的转换.同时,借助格林函数的互易性对本文所提理论做适当变换后,进行数值仿真验证,分析讨论了不同初始信息条件下该方法的适用性.仿真结果与理论相符,证明了理论的正确性,为将时间反演技术应用于电磁器件的逆设计提供了可能.     

High-frequency behavior of magnetic composites

The paper reviews recent progress in the field of microwave magnetic properties of composites. The problem under discussion is developing composites with high microwave permeability that are needed in many applications. The theory of magnetic composites is briefly sketched with the attention paid to the laws governing the magnetic frequency dispersion in magnetic materials and basic mixing rules for composites. Recent experimental reports on the microwave performance of magnetic composites, as well as data on the agreement of the mixing rules with the measured permeability of composites that are available from the literature are discussed. From the data, a conclusion is made that the validity of a mixing rule is determined by the permeability contrast in the composite, i.e., the difference between permeability of inclusions and that of the host matrix. When the contrast is low, the Maxwell Garnet mixing rule is frequently valid. When the contrast is high, which is of the most interest for obtaining high microwave permeability of a composite, no conventionally accepted theory is capable of accurately predicting the permeability of the composites. Therefore, the mixing rules do not allow the microwave properties of magnetic composites to be predicted when the permeability of inclusions is high, that is the case of the most interest. Because of that, general limitations to the microwave performance of composites are of importance. In particular, an important relation constraining the microwave permeability of composites follows from Kittel's theory of ferromagnetic resonance and analytical properties of frequency dependence of permeability. Another constraint concerning the bandwidth of electromagnetic wave absorbers follows from the Kramers-Kronig relations for the reflection coefficient. The constraints are of importance in design and analysis of electromagnetic wave absorbers and other devices that employ the microwave magnetic properties of composites, such as magnetic substrates for microwave antennas, microwave inductors, etc.     

Optimization of two parallel wires of laser plasma filaments for channeling electromagnetic energy

We theoretically investigated the electromagnetic wave (EMW) transmission along two parallel wires of laser plasma filaments produced by the filamentation of ultrafast laser pulses in air. Many factors, such as wire diameter and separation, electron density, and operating frequency are shown to influence the propagation loss. By taking into consideration the radiation and transmission effects of the wires, the calculations of the two parallel filament wires reasonably agrees with that of the standard commercial twin-lead wire. Specifically, the optimum separation of the two wires is determined for a given frequency and an effective electron density of the wires. When compared with free-space propagation, transmission enhancement of tens dB is obtained using optimized wire configurations. Thus, the two plasma wires may be a potential channel for point to point directed delivery of EM energy or communication of pulsed-modulated EM radiation.     

Laser scribed graphene/polymer composites: A possible verification of carbon nano-coil inductors

There is great interest in so-called nano-electronic devices due to the furious rate of device miniaturization. Fabrica-tion of micro and nano scale resistors and capacitors have already been achieved steadily, but so far, there has been little development in the way of nano-scale coil inductors. This is because of the physical limitations in miniaturiza-tion of the design of a solenoid with wires coiled around a metallic core. So, while transistors get steadily smaller, basic inductors in electronics remained relatively bulky. Few methods exist for creating conductive polymer coils and graphene-based kinetic nano-inductors, but their large-scale fabrication process is complex and mostly beyond the current commercial technology available. So, a simpler, scalable, and robust fabrication technique is needed to overcome this bottleneck. In this work we demonstrate a new technique consisting of the laser lithography using a laser engraver of a (poly)vinyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene oxide film composite which results in a large inductive effect. We attribute this behavior to the formation of high curvature twisted screw dislocation type conductive pathways composed of polyacetylene chains linked by pi-pi interactions to reduced graphene oxide flakes resulting in inductive effect.     

CFETR CSģ����Ȧ�ĵ�ŷ���

在中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR)的概念设计阶段,为了将来正确设计和顺利加工其中心螺线管(CS)线圈,设计了一个由Nb3Sn内线圈和NbTi外线圈组成的模型线圈。采用线电流模型和后期数据处理的方法对其磁场做了精确计算,解决了线电流模型不能计算导线内部磁场的问题。在此基础上计算了线圈的电感和电磁应力等参数。     

CFETR CS模型线圈的电磁分析

在中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR)的概念设计阶段,为了将来正确设计和顺利加工其中心螺线管(CS)线圈,设计了一个由Nb₃Sn内线圈和NbTi外线圈组成的模型线圈。采用线电流模型和后期数据处理的方法对其磁场做了精确计算,解决了线电流模型不能计算导线内部磁场的问题。在此基础上计算了线圈的电感和电磁应力等参数。     

Laser probing of anisotropic ultrathin dielectric films on absorbing materials via differential reflection characteristics

The reflection from an ultrathin anisotropic film on an isotropic absorbing substrate is investigated in the long-wavelength limit. The analytical expressions for the differential reflection characteristics of s- and p-polarized electromagnetic plane waves are obtained. All analytical results are correlated with the numerical solution of the reflection problem on the basis of rigorous electromagnetic theory for anisotropic medium. The possibilities of using the obtained approximate formulas for resolving the inverse problem for ultrathin anisotropic dielectric films upon absorbing substrates are discussed.     

Quantum well and quantum wire states at metal surfaces

Novel effects in magnetic multilayer structures, such as oscillatory magnetic coupling and "giant" magnetoresistance, have created new materials that allow for an order of magnitude higher sensitivity in the detection of magnetically-recorded data. Determination of their electronic and magnetic structures with angle-resolved photoemission and inverse photoemission reveals quantized states in the noble metal spacer layers which are connected with oscillatory magnetic coupling and have implications on magnetoresistance. These states can be understood by a simple interferometer model, including the spin-dependent interface reflectivity that polarizes them and transmits the magnetic coupling through the noble metal spacer.Current efforts are discussed, which aim towards fabricating quantum wires and lateral superlattices on metals by decorating steps at vicinal surfaces. STM work on the growth mode of such structures is presented, which uses spectroscopic contrast to distinguish different metals. Specific electronic states at decorated step edges are found with inverse photoemission.     

基于支持向量机的电磁逆散射方法

为解决电磁逆散射问题,提出了一种实时逆散射方法,该方法利用支持向量机(SVM)将逆散射问题转化为一个回归估计问题. 基于SVM的电磁逆散射方法成功地解决了逆散射问题中的非线性和不适定性.利用穿墙问题测试了该方法的可行性和有效性, 测试结果表明,不论是无噪声还是有噪声的情况,该方法都能很好地对墙后目标进行探测与定位.此外, 在穿墙环境下用SVM预测模型讨论了接收天线的采样位置数对预测结果的影响.最后对多源设置下的预测误差进行了分析和研究, 研究表明,相比于单源情况多源设置有利于对墙后目标的识别.     

辐射式核电磁脉冲模拟器TEM喇叭天线

针对辐射式核电磁脉冲模拟器采用TEM喇叭天线作为辐射天线时低频辐射能力有限的问题,对板型和线型两种基本形式的TEM喇叭天线进行了分析。在采用线型TEM喇叭天线以减轻模拟器重量的基础上,在天线末端采用螺旋线结构,并增加屏蔽板回路,构造了一种新型TEM喇叭天线。结果表明:与普通线型TEM喇叭天线相比,该新型天线较大地提高了低频辐射性能,可使近场波形脉宽提高7ns左右,峰值场强提高了1kV/m左右;通过增大螺旋线半径和提高螺旋线密度可以提高峰值场强,增加近场波形脉宽;通过屏蔽板回路可以降低反射波纹的波峰从而改善近场波形。     

Reflection of electromagnetic plane waves in a long-wavelength approximation from a multilayer system of anisotropic transparent films on absorbing medium

The propagation of s- and p-polarised electromagnetic plane waves in a N-layer system of anisotropic films on isotropic and homogeneous absorbing substrate is investigated in the long-wavelength limit. The analytical expressions are obtained for the reflection (transmission) coefficients and ellipsometric angles of an anisotropic multilayer system. All analytical results are correlated with the numerical solution of the reflection problem on the basis of rigorous electromagnetic theory for anisotropic layered systems. The possibilities of using obtained approximate formulae for resolving the inverse problem for ultrathin anisotropic dielectric films upon absorbing substrates are discussed.     

A Cyclic Induction Accelerator

The main feature of the examined cyclic induction accelerator is the separation of control and accelerating electromagnetic fluxes. The control magnetic field is formed by analogy with the magnetic field of a weakly focusing synchrotron, and the accelerating vortex electric field is generated by electromagnetic cores – inductors. Such a design of the cyclic induction accelerator allows the active steel volume and the power of a supply unit to be reduced significantly, and the separation of control and accelerating magnetic fluxes allows the energy lost by particles by synchrotron emission to be compensated using a relatively simple method. Recent investigations have demonstrated that in this accelerator, electrons can be accelerated to energies exceeding 300 MeV.     

粒子模拟中激励源的一种等效设置方法

 基于计算电磁学中对强迫激励源消除虚假反射的算法分析，提出了用等效电流和等效磁流在FDTD公式中引入电场激励源和磁场激励源的方法。从粒子模拟方法的基本方程和迭代公式出发，分析了激励源的引入过程，推导出激励源所等效的电流项和磁流项表达式，实现了新的激励源设置方法，并进行了数值验证和结果讨论。研究表明：这类等效模型与标准FDTD公式能紧密结合，引入非常方便；不必专门设置一个附加的散射场区来处理散射场的计算，大大节省了计算时间和计算内存，比常规总场/散射场体系方法的效率高20%以上，对粒子模拟这类耗时的计算较为适用。通过对2维柱坐标系下相对论速调管放大器(RKA)的模拟，证明了此类激励源设置方法的实用性。     

Exact solution of the time-dependent harmonic plus an inverse harmonic potential with a time-dependent electromagnetic field

In this paper, the problem of the charged harmonic plus an inverse harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency in a time-dependent electromagnetic field is investigated. It is reduced to the problem of the inverse harmonic oscillator with time-independent parameters and the exact wave function is obtained.