Coordination Chemistry of Highly Hemilabile Bidentate Sulfoxide N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with Palladium(II)

Imidazolium salts, [RS(O)? CH₂(C₃H₃N₂)Mes]Cl (R=Me ( L1 a ), Ph ( L1 b )); Mes=mesityl), make convenient carbene precursors. Palladation of L1 a affords the monodentate dinuclear complex, [(PdCl₂{MeS(O)CH₂(C₃H₂N₂)Mes})₂] ( 2 a ), which is converted into trans‐[PdCl₂(NHC)₂] (trans‐ 4 a ; N‐heterocyclic carbene) with two rotamers in anti and syn configurations. Complex trans‐ 4 a can isomerize into cis‐ 4 a (anti) at reflux in acetonitrile. Abstraction of chlorides from 4 a or 4 b leads to the formation of a new dication: trans‐[Pd{RS(O)CH₂(C₃H₂N₂)Mes}₂](PF₆)₂ (R=Me ( 5 a ), Ph ( 5 b )). The X‐ray structure of 5 a provides evidence that the two bidentate SO? NHC ligands at palladium(II) are in square‐planar geometry. Two sulfoxides are sulfur‐ and oxygen‐bound, and constitute five‐ and six‐membered chelate rings with the metal center, respectively. In acetonitrile, complexes 5 a or 5 b spontaneously transform into cis‐[Pd(NHC)₂(NCMe)₂](PF₆)₂. Similar studies of thioether–NHCs have also been examined for comparison. The results indicate that sulfoxides are more labile than thioethers.     

Providing Support in Favor of the Existence of a PdII/PdIV Catalytic Cycle in a Heck‐Type Reaction

The complex [Pd(O,N,C‐L)(OAc)], in which L is a monoanionic pincer ligand derived from 2,6‐diacetylpyridine, reacts with 2‐iodobenzoic acid at room temperature to afford the very stable pair of Pd^IV complexes (OC‐6‐54)‐ and (OC‐6‐26)‐[Pd(O,N,C‐L)(O,C‐C₆H₄CO₂‐2)I] (1.5:1 molar ratio, at ?55 °C). These complexes and the Pd^II species [Pd(O,N,C‐L)(OX)] and [Pd(O,N,C‐L′)(NCMe)]ClO₄, (X=MeC(O) or ClO₃, L′=another monoanionic pincer ligand derived from 2,6‐diacetylpyridine), are precatalysts for the arylation of CH₂?CHR (R?CO₂Me, CO₂Et, Ph) using IC₆H₄CO₂H‐2 and AgClO₄. These catalytic reactions have been studied and a tentative mechanism is proposed. The presence of two Pd^IV complexes was detected by ESI(+)‐MS during the catalytic process. All the data obtained strongly support a Pd^II/Pd^IV catalytic cycle.     

Four NiII complexes with the new cyclam–methylimidazole ligand 1‐[(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl]‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane

Although it has not proved possible to crystallize the newly prepared cyclam–methylimidazole ligand 1‐[(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl]‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane (L^Im1), the trans and cis isomers of an Ni^II complex, namely trans‐aqua{1‐[(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl]‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane}nickel(II) bis(perchlorate) monohydrate, [Ni(C₁₅H₃₀N₆)(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂·H₂O, (1), and cis‐aqua{1‐[(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl]‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane}nickel(II) bis(perchlorate), [Ni(C₁₅H₃₀N₆)(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂, (2), have been prepared and structurally characterized. At different stages of the crystallization and thermal treatment from which (1) and (2) were obtained, a further two compounds were isolated in crystalline form and their structures also analysed, namely trans‐{1‐[(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl]‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane}(perchlorato)nickel(II) perchlorate, [Ni(ClO₄)(C₁₅H₃₀N₆)]ClO₄, (3), and cis‐{1,8‐bis[(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl]‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane}nickel(II) bis(perchlorate) 0.24‐hydrate, [Ni(C₂₀H₃₆N₆)](ClO₄)₂·0.24H₂O, (4); the 1,8‐bis[(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl]‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane ligand is a minor side product, probably formed in trace amounts in the synthesis of L^Im1. The configurations of the cyclam macrocycles in the complexes have been analysed and the structures are compared with analogues from the literature.     

Bridge cleavage reactions of cyclopalladated nitrosamines with thioamides and related compounds

The palladacycle [Pd(μ-O₂CMe){κ²C,N-4-MeC₆H₃N(Me)NO}]₂ readily undergoes bridge cleavage reactions with a variety of compounds containing donor functionalities including thioamides, 8-hydroxyquinoline, thioureas, selenoureas, acetylacetone derivatives, dithiocarbamates, xanthates, as well as bidentate N-donors to afford either the monomeric, neutral Pd(II) complexes [Pd{κ²C,N-4-MeC₆H₃N(Me)NO}{L-L}] or the monocationic complexes [Pd{κ²C,N-4-MeC₆H₃N(Me)NO}(N-N)]PF₆ in high yields. A series of 15 different complexes was prepared and fully characterised spectroscopically and, in some cases, by X-ray diffraction. It was also found that the dithiocarbamato complex undergoes a disproportionation reaction in solution to give the bis(cyclometallated) complex [Pd{κ²C,N-4-MeC₆H₃N(Me)NO}₂] as well as the bis(dithiocarbamato) complex [Pd{κ²S-S₂CNEt₂}₂].     

Synthesis and structure of orthopalladated complexes derived from prochiral iminophosphoranes and phosphorus ylides

The iminophosphorane Ph₂MePNPh (1) reacts with Pd(OAc)₂ to give the orthopalladated [Pd(μ-Cl){C₆H₄(PPh(Me)NPh-κ-C,N)-2}]₂ (2) as the racemic mixture, which reacts with Tl(acac) to give [Pd(acac){C₆H₄(PPh(Me)NPh-κ-C,N)-2}] (3). The X-ray structure of (3) has been determined by diffraction methods. The phosphorus ylide Ph₂MePCHC(O)Ph (5) reacts with Pd(OAc)₂ to give the dinuclear [Pd(μ-Cl){C₆H₄(PPh(Me)CHC(O)Ph-κ-C,C)-2}]₂ (6) as a mixture of isomers. Complex (6) reacts with Tl(acac), PPh₃ or AgClO₄/dppe giving the mononuclear derivatives [Pd(acac){C₆H₄(PPh(Me)CHC(O)Ph-κ-C,C)-2}] (7), [PdCl{C₆H₄(PPh(Me)CHC(O)Ph-κ-C,C)-2}PPh₃] (8) and [Pd{C₆H₄(PPh(Me)CHC(O)Ph-κ-C,C)-2}(dppe-P,P′)](ClO₄) (9), as mixtures of stereoisomers with high diastereomeric excess.     

A systematic study on the synthesis, reactivity and structure of ortho-palladated aryloximes, including the first cyclopalladated aryloximato and iminoaryloxime complexes

Complexes [Pd{C,N-Ar{C(Me)=NOH}-2}(μ-Cl)](2) (1) with Ar = C(6)H(4), C(6)H(3)NO(2)-5 or C(6)H(OMe)(3)-4,5,6, were obtained from the appropriate oxime, Li(2)[PdCl(4)] and NaOAc. They reacted with neutral monodentate C-, P- or N-donor ligands (L), with [PPN]Cl ([PPN] = Ph(3)P=N=PPh(3)), with Tl(acac) (acacH = acetylacetone), or with neutral bidentate ligands N^N (tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda), 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine ((t)Bubpy)) in the presence of AgOTf or AgClO(4) to afford complexes of the types [Pd{C,N-Ar{C(Me)=NOH}-2}Cl(L)] (2), [PPN][Pd{C,N-Ar{C(Me)=NOH}-2}Cl(2)] (3), [Pd{C,N-Ar{C(Me)=NOH}-2}(acac)] (4) or [Pd{C,N-Ar{C(Me)=NOH}-2}(N^N)]X (X = OTf, ClO(4)) (5), respectively. Complexes 1 reacted with bidentate N^N ligands in the presence of a base to afford mononuclear zwitterionic oximato complexes [Pd{C,N-Ar{C(Me)=NO}-2}(N^N)] (6). Dehydrochlorination of complexes 2 by a base yielded dimeric oximato complexes of the type [Pd{μ-C,N,O-Ar{C(Me)[double bond, length as m-dash]NO}-2}L](2) (7). The insertion of XyNC into the Pd-C(aryl) bond of complex 2 produced the mononuclear iminoaryloxime derivative [Pd{C,N-C(=NXy)Ar{C(Me)=NOH}-2}Cl(CNXy)] (8) which, in turn, reacted with [AuCl(SMe(2))] to give [Pd{μ-N,C,N-C(=NXy)Ar{C(Me)=NOH}-2}Cl](2) (9) with loss of XyNC. Some of these complexes are, for any metal, the first containing cyclometalated aryloximato (6, 7) or iminoaryloxime (8, 9) ligands. Various crystal structures of complexes of the types 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 have been determined.     

Crystallographic report: Bis{[diacetyl‐bis(2,6‐isopropylphenylimine)]nickel(I)(µ‐chloro)}

The first α‐diimine nickel(I) complex having a chloro bridge is reported. The centrosymmetric dinuclear structure of {[ArN?C(Me)C(Me)?NAr]NiCl}₂[Ar?2,6?C₆H₃(i‐Pr)₂] features two chelating α‐diimine ligands and two bridged chlorine atoms, so that a distorted tetrahedral N₂Cl₂ coordination geometry for nickel results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reactivity of ortho‐Substituted Aryl–Palladium Complexes towards Carbodiimides,Isothiocyanates, Nitriles,and Cyanamides

Complexes [Pd(C₆H₃XH‐2‐R′‐5)Y(N^N)] (X=O, NH; Y=Br, I; R′=H, NO₂; N^N=N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda), 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy), 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (dtbbpy)) react with RN?C?E (E=NR, S) or RC≡N (R=alkyl, aryl, NR′′₂) and TlOTf (OTf=CF₃SO₃) to give, respectively, 1) products of the insertion of the C?E group into the C? Pd bond, protonation of the N atom, and coordination of X to Pd, [Pd{κ²‐X,E‐(XC₆H₃{EC(NHR)}‐2‐R′‐4)}(N^N)]OTf or [Pd(κ²‐X,N‐{ZC₆H₃(NH?CR)‐2‐R′‐4})(N^N)]OTf, or products of the coordination of carbodiimides and OH addition, [Pd{κ²‐C,N‐(C₆H₄{OC(NR)}NHR‐2)}(bpy)]OTf; or 2) products of the insertion of the C≡N group to Pd and N‐protonation, [Pd(κ²‐X,N‐{XC₆H₃(NH?CR)‐2‐R′‐4})(N^N)]OTf.     

Kinetico‐Mechanistic Insights on the Assembling Dynamics of Allyl‐Cornered Metallacycles: The PtNpy Bond is the Keystone

The square‐like homo‐ and heterometallamacrocycles [{Pd(η³‐2‐Me‐C₃H₄)( L ⁿ )₂}₂{M(dppp)}₂](CF₃SO₃)₆ (dppp=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) and [{Pd(η³‐2‐Me‐C₃H₄)( L¹ )₂}₂{M(PPh₃)₂}₂](CF₃SO₃)₆ [py=pyridine, M=Pd, Pt, L ^{n =}4‐PPh₂py ( L¹ ), 4‐C₆F₄PPh₂py ( L² )] containing allyl corners were synthesised by antisymbiotic self‐assembly of the different palladium and platinum metallic corners and the ambidentate N,P ligands. All the synthesised assemblies displayed a complex dynamic behaviour in solution, the rate of which is found to be dependent on the electronic and/or steric nature of the different building blocks. A kinetico‐mechanistic study by NMR line shape analysis of the dynamics of some of these assemblies was undertaken in order to determine the corresponding thermal activation parameters. Both an enhanced thermodynamic stability and slower dynamics were observed for platinum‐pyridine‐containing species when compared with their palladium analogues. Time‐dependent NMR spectroscopy in combination with ESI mass spectrometry was used to study the exchange between the assemblies and their building blocks, as well as that occurring between different metallamacrocycles. Preliminary studies were carried out on the activity of some of the metallamacrocyclic compounds as catalytic precursors in the allylic substitution reaction, and the results compared with that of the monometallic allylic corner [Pd(η³‐2‐Me‐C₃H₄)( L¹ )₂]⁺.     

Ethylene polymerization with imine and phosphine nickel complexes containing isothiocyanate

Three isothiocyanate complexes of nickel(II) containing diimine [ArN?C(Me)? C(Me)?NAr]Ni‐ (NCS)₂ (1), iminophosphine [Ph₂PC₆H₄CH?NAr]Ni(NCS)₂ (2), or diphosphine (dppe)Ni(NCS)₂ (3), [Ar = 2, 6‐ⁱPr‐C₆H₃; dppe = 1, 2‐bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane] were synthesized and examined for ethylene polymerization activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO). Their behavior was compared with those of the corresponding halide analogues [ArN?C(Me)? C(Me)?NAr]NiBr₂ (4), [Ph₂PC₆H₄CH?NAr]NiBr₂ (5), and (dppe)NiCl₂ (6). The diimines showed the highest polymerization activity. Replacement of the halide for the NCS pseudo halide affected the activity and decreased the molecular weight of the polymer formed. The highest molecular weights were obtained with the diimine complexes. Highly branched polyethylenes were obtained with the bulkier complexes 1 and 4. Replacement of the halide for NCS in the diimine complexes also caused an increase in the branching content, whereas the opposite occurs for the iminophosphine complexes. The different activities and behavior of the catalyst systems with halide versus NCS in the polymerization of ethylene and the characteristics of the final products suggest a modification in the active species caused by the non‐chelating ligand. Polymer molecular weight and branching content is dependent on the MAO/Ni molar ratio and on the working temperature. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Judiciously balancing steric and electronic influences on 2,3‐diiminobutane‐based Pd(II) complexes in nourishing polyethylene properties

A new series of palladium complexes ( Pd1–Pd5 ) ligated by symmetrical 2,3‐diiminobutane derivatives, 2,3‐bis[2,6‐bis{bis(4‐FC₆H₄)₂CH}₂‐4‐(alkyl)C₆H₂N]C₄H₆ (alkyl = Me L1 , Et L2 , ⁱ Pr L3 , ^t Bu L4 ) and 2,3‐bis[2,6‐bis{bis(C₆H₅)₂CH}₂‐4‐{(CH₃)₃C}C₆H₂N]C₄H₆ L5 , have been prepared and well characterized, and their catalytic scope toward ethylene polymerization have been investigated. Upon activation with MAO, all palladium complexes ( Pd1–Pd5) exhibited good activities (up to 1.44 × 10⁶ g (PE) mol^?1(Pd) h^?1) and produced higher molecular weight polyethylene in the range of 10⁵ g mol^?1 with precise molecular weight distribution (M _w/M _n = 1.37–1.77). One of the long‐standing limiting features of the Brookhart type α‐diimine Pd(II) catalysts is that they produce highly branched (ca. 100/1000 C atoms) and totally amorphous polymer. Conversely, herein Pd5 produced polymers having dramatically lower branching number (28/1000) as well as improved melting temperature up to 73.1 °C showing well‐controlled linear architecture, and very similar to polyethylene materials generated by early‐transition‐metal based catalysts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 3214–3222     

The Influence of Substituents at C2 Carbon Atom of Thiosemicarbazones {R(H)C2=N3‐N2(H)‐C1(=S)‐N1H2} on their Dentacy in PtII/PdII Complexes: Synthesis,Spectroscopy, and Crystal Structures

The coordination chemistry of platinum(II) with a series of thiosemicarbazones {R(H)C²=N³‐N²(H)‐C¹(=S)‐N¹H₂, R = 2‐hydroxyphenyl, H₂stsc; pyrrole, H₂ptsc; phenyl, Hbtsc} is described. Reactions of trans‐PtCl₂(PPh₃)₂ precursor with H₂stsc (or H₂ptsc) in 1 : 1 molar ratio in the presence of Et₃N base yielded complexes, [Pt(η³‐ O, N³, S‐stsc)(PPh₃)] ( 1 ) and [Pt(η³‐ N⁴, N³, S‐ptsc)(PPh₃)] ( 2 ), respectively. Further, trans‐PtCl₂(PPh₃)₂ and Hbtsc in 1 : 2 (M : L) molar ratio yielded a different compound, [Pt(η²‐ N³, S‐btsc)(η¹‐S‐btsc)(PPh₃)] ( 3 ). Complex 1 involved deprotonation of hydrazinic (‐N²H‐) and hydroxyl (‐OH) groups, and stsc^2? is coordinating via O, N³, S donor atoms, while complex 2 involved deprotonation of hydrazinic (‐N²H‐) and ‐N⁴H groups and ptsc^2? is probably coordinating via N⁴, N³, S donor atoms. Reaction of PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ with Hbtsc‐Me {C₆H₅(CH₃)C²=N³‐N²(H)‐C¹(=S)‐N¹H₂} yielded a cyclometallated complex [Pd(η³‐C, N³, S‐btsc‐Me)(PPh₃)] ( 4 ). These complexes have been characterized with the help of analytical data, spectroscopic techniques {IR, NMR (¹H, ³¹P), U.V} and single crystal X‐ray crystallography ( 1 , 3 and 4 ). The effects of substituents at C² carbon of thiosemicarbazones on their dentacy and cyclometallation are emphasized.     

Tritopic NHC Precursors: Unusual Nickel Reactivity and Ethylene Insertion into a C(sp3)–H Bond

The imidazolium chloride [C₃H₃N(C₃H₆NMe₂)N{C(Me)(=NDipp)}]Cl ( 1 ; Dipp=2,6‐diisopropyl phenyl), a potential precursor to a tritopic N^imineC^NHCN^amine pincer‐type ligand, reacted with [Ni(cod)₂] to give the Ni^I‐Ni^I complex 2 , which contains a rare cod‐derived η³‐allyl‐type bridging ligand. The implied intermediate formation of a nickel hydride through oxidative addition of the imidazolium C−H bond did not occur with the symmetrical imidazolium chloride [C₃H₃N₂{C(Me)(=NDipp)}₂]Cl ( 3 ). Instead, a Ni−C(sp³) bond was formed, leading to the neutral N^imineCHN^imine pincer‐type complex Ni[C₃H₃N₂{C(Me)(=NDipp)}₂]Cl ( 4 ). Theoretical studies showed that this highly unusual feature in nickel NHC chemistry is due to steric constraints induced by the N substituents, which prevent Ni−H bond formation. Remarkably, ethylene inserted into the C(sp³)−H bond of 4 without nickel hydride formation, thus suggesting new pathways for the alkylation of non‐activated C−H bonds.     

Synthesis and structure of mono- and di-nuclear complexes of ortho-palladated derived from phosphorus ylides

The phosphorus ylides Ph₃PCHC(O)C₆H₄R (R = 4-Me 1a, 4-Br 1b) react with PdCl₂ in equimolar ratios to give the C,C-orthopalladated [Pd{CHP(C₆H₄)Ph₂CO-C₆H₄-R)}(μ-Cl)]₂ (R = 4-Me 2a, 4-Br 2b) which react with NaClO₄/dppe, NaClO₄/dppm, py and PPh₃ to give the mononuclear derivatives [Pd{CH{P(C₆H₄)Ph₂}COC₆H₄-R}(dppe-P,P′)[(ClO₄) (R = 4-Me 3a, 4-Br 3b), [Pd{CH{P(C₆H₄)Ph₂}COC₆H₄-R}(dppm-P,P′)[(ClO₄ ( (R = 4-Me 4a, 4-Br 4b), [Pd{CH{P(C₆H₄)Ph₂}COC₆H₄-R}Cl(L)] (L = py, R = 4-Me 5a, 4-Br 5b, L = PPh₃, R = 4-Me 6a, 4-Br 6b). The C, C-metalated chelate are demonstrated by an X-ray diffraction study of 3a and 4a. Characterization of the obtained compounds was also performed by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H, ³¹P, and ¹³C NMR.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrrolthiosemicarbazone Complexes of Palladium(II). Crystal Structures of [{Pd[C4H4NC(H)=NNC(S)NHMe](Cl)}2{μ‐Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2}] and [Pd{C4H4NC(H)=NNC(S)NHMe}{Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2‐P,P}](Cl)

Reaction of the thiosemicarbazone ligands C₄H₄NC(H)=NN(H)C(S)NHR (R = Me, a ; Et, b ) with Li₂[PdCl₄] gave the dinuclear complexes [Pd{C₄H₄NC(H)=NNC(S)NHR}(μ‐Cl)]₂ (R = Me, 1a ; Et, 1b ) with a central Pd₂Cl₂ core and with deprotonation of the thiosemicarbazones at the hydrazinic nitrogen atom. Treatment of 1a and 1b with triphenylphosphine gave the mononuclear compounds [Pd{C₄H₄C(H)=NNC(S)NHR}(Cl)(PPh₃)] (R = Me, 2a ; Et, 2b ), whereas reaction of 1a and 1b with tertiary diphosphines gave mono‐ and dinuclear compounds, as appropriate, with the corresponding diphosphine acting as a monodentate ( 6b ), chelating ( 3a ) and bridging ligand ( 4a, 5a , 4b, 5b ). Treatment of 1a and 1b with (Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂)W(CO)₅ gave the new heterobimetallic complexes 7a and 7b . The crystal structures of complexes 3a and 4a are described.     

Syntheses and Structures of trans-bis(Alkenylacetylide) Ruthenium Complexes

A series of ruthenium alkenylacetylide complexes trans-[Ru{C≡CC(=CH₂)R}Cl(dppe)₂] (R=Ph ( 1 a ), ^cC₄H₃S ( 1 b ), 4-MeS-C₆H₄ ( 1 c ), 3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene (DMBT) ( 1 d )) or trans-[Ru{C≡C-^cC₆H₉}Cl(dppe)₂] ( 1 e ) were allowed to react with the corresponding propargylic alcohol HC≡CC(Me)R(OH) (R=Ph ( A ), ^cC₄H₃S ( B ), 4-MeS-C₆H₄ ( C ), DMBT ( D ) or HC≡C-^cC₆H₁₀(OH) ( E ) in the presence of TlBF₄ and DBU to presumably give alkenylacetylide/allenylidene intermediates trans-[Ru{C≡CC(=CH₂)R}{C=C=C(Me)}(dppe)₂]PF₆ ([ 2 ]PF₆). These complexes were not isolated but deprotonated to give the isolable bis(alkenylacetylide) complexes trans-[Ru{C≡CC(=CH₂)R}₂(dppe)₂] (R=Ph ( 3 a ), ^cC₄H₃S ( 3 b ), 4-MeS-C₆H₄ ( 3 c ), DMBT ( 3 d )) and trans-[Ru{C≡C-^cC₆H₉}₂(dppe)₂] ( 3 e ). Analogous reactions of trans-[Ru(CH₃)₂(dmpe)₂], featuring the more electron-donating 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (dmpe) ancillary ligands, with the propargylic alcohols A or C and NH₄PF₆ in methanol allowed isolation of the intermediate mixed alkenylacetylide/allenylidene complexes trans-[Ru{C≡CC(=CH₂)R}{C=C=C(Me)}(dmpe)₂]PF₆ (R=Ph ([ 4 a ]PF₆), 4-MeS-C₆H₄ ([ 4 c ]PF₆). Deprotonation of [ 4 a ]PF₆ or [ 4 c ]PF₆ gave the symmetric bis(alkenylacetylide) complexes trans-[Ru{C≡CC(=CH₂)R}₂(dmpe)₂] (R=Ph ( 5 a ), 4-MeS-C₆H₄ ( 5 c )), the first of their kind containing the dmpe ancillary ligand sphere. Attempts to isolate bis(allenylidene) complexes [Ru{C=C=C(Me)R}₂(PP)₂]²⁺ (PP=dppe, dmpe) from treatment of the bis(alkenylacetylide) species 3 or 5 with HBF₄ ⋅ Et₂O were ultimately unsuccessful.     

Alkoxy-1,3,5-triazapentadien(e/ato) copper(II) complexes: template formation and applications for the preparation of pyrimidines and as catalysts for oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl products

Template combination of copper acetate (Cu(AcO)₂?H₂O) with sodium dicyanamide (NaN(C≡N)₂, 2 equiv) or cyanoguanidine (N≡CNHC(=NH)NH₂, 2 equiv) and an alcohol ROH (used also as solvent) leads to the neutral copper(II)–(2,4‐alkoxy‐1,3,5‐triazapentadienato) complexes [Cu{NH?C(OR)NC(OR)?NH}₂] (R=Me ( 1 ), Et ( 2 ), nPr ( 3 ), iPr ( 4 ), CH₂CH₂OCH₃ ( 5 )) or cationic copper(II)–(2‐alkoxy‐4‐amino‐1,3,5‐triazapentadiene) complexes [Cu{NH?C(OR)NHC(NH₂)?NH}₂](AcO)₂ (R=Me ( 6 ), Et ( 7 ), nPr ( 8 ), nBu ( 9 ), CH₂CH₂OCH₃ ( 10 )), respectively. Several intermediates of this reaction were isolated and a pathway was proposed. The deprotonation of 6 – 10 with NaOH allows their transformation to the corresponding neutral triazapentadienates [Cu{NH?C(OR)NC(NH₂)?NH}₂] 11 – 15 . Reaction of 11 , 12 or 15 with acetyl acetone (MeC(?O)CH₂C(?O)Me) leads to liberation of the corresponding pyrimidines NC(Me)CHC(Me)NC NHC(?NH)OR, whereas the same treatment of the cationic complexes 6 , 7 or 10 allows the corresponding metal‐free triazapentadiene salts {NH₂C(OR)?NC(NH₂)?NH₂}(OAc) to be isolated. The alkoxy‐1,3,5‐triazapentadiene/ato copper(II) complexes have been applied as efficient catalysts for the TEMPO radical‐mediated mild aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes (molar yields of aldehydes of up to 100 % with >99 % selectivity) and for the solvent‐free microwave‐assisted synthesis of ketones from secondary alcohols with tert‐butylhydroperoxide as oxidant (yields of up to 97 %, turnover numbers of up to 485 and turnover frequencies of up to 1170 h^?1).     

μ‐2,2′,6,6′‐Tetramethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridine‐κ2N1:N1′‐bis[(diethylenetriamine‐κ3N,N′,N′′)palladium(II)] tetranitrate

The title compound, [Pd₂(C₄H₁₃N₃)₂(C₁₄H₁₆N₂)](NO₃)₄, comprises discrete tetracationic dumbbell‐type dinuclear complex molecules and noncoordinating nitrate anions. Two Pd(dien)²⁺ moieties (dien is diethylenetriamine) are joined by the rigid linear exo‐bidentate bridging 2,2′,6,6′‐tetramethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridine ligand to form the dinuclear complex, which lies across a centre of inversion in the space group P2₁/n, so that the rings in the 2,2′,6,6′‐tetramethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridine bridging ligand are parallel. In the crystal, the primary and secondary amino groups of the dien ligand act as hydrogen‐bond donors towards the nitrate anions to form a three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bond network.     

Two new oximate‐bridged square‐planar dinuclear nickel(II) complexes

The synthesis and characterization of two new dinuclear nickel(II) complexes, namely bis{μ‐3‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethylimino]butan‐2‐one oximato}dinickel(II) bis(perchlorate) acetonitrile solvate, [Ni₂(C₈H₁₆N₃O)₂](ClO₄)₂·CH₃CN, (I), and bis{μ‐3‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethylimino]‐3‐phenylpropan‐2‐one oximato}dinickel(II) bis(perchlorate), [Ni₂(C₁₃H₁₈N₃O)₂](ClO₄)₂, (II), are reported. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses of the complexes reveal that the nickel(II) ions are in square‐planar N₃O environments and form six‐membered (NiNO)₂ metallacycles. The cation in (II) possesses crystallographically imposed inversion symmetry.     

A coordination polymer consisting of two different one‐dimensional copper(II) chains

The title compound, catena‐poly[[[diaqua(methanol‐κO)copper(II)]‐μ‐N‐(4‐methylpyrimidin‐2‐yl‐κN¹)pyrazin‐2‐amine‐κ²N¹:N⁴] [[aqua(aqua/methanol‐κO)(perchlorato‐κO)copper(II)]‐μ‐N‐(4‐methylpyrimidin‐2‐yl‐κN¹)pyrazin‐2‐amine‐κ²N¹:N⁴] tris(perchlorate) methanol monosolvate 1.419‐hydrate], {[Cu(C₉H₉N₅)(CH₃OH)(H₂O)₂][Cu(C₉H₉N₅)(ClO₄)(CH₃OH)_0.581(H₂O)_1.419](ClO₄)₃·CH₃OH·1.419H₂O}_n, is a one‐dimensional straight‐chain polymer of N‐(4‐methylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)pyrazin‐2‐amine (L) with Cu(ClO₄)₂. The complex consists of two crystallographically independent one‐dimensional chains in which the Cu^II atoms exhibit two different octahedral coordination geometries. The L ligand coordinates to two Cu^II centres in a tridentate manner, with the pyrazine ring acting as a bridge linking the Cu^II coordination units and building an infinite one‐dimensional chain. Extensive hydrogen bonding among perchlorate anions, water molecules and L ligands results in three‐dimensional networks.