电子主体材料对蓝光OLED的影响

基于ITO/MoO₃/NPB/TCTA/FIrpic：TCTA/FIrpic：X/Y/LiF/Al结构,研究了主体材料的能级和三线态激子,以及电子传输材料的能级对器件性能的影响。研究发现,X与Y分别为TmPyPb与TPBI的双发光层蓝光器件的性能最优,最大发光效率达到了23.78 cd/A。研究表明,电子主体材料可以调节激子分布,影响能量转移。     

基于载流子平衡的效率及亮度提高的有机蓝光器件

研究了在两空穴传输层之间插入Bphen中间层对有机蓝光器件(BOLEDs)效率的影响。结果表明,其对空穴的阻挡作用使得电子与空穴在发光区内达到相对平衡,减少了激子-极化子猝灭几率,从而提高了有机蓝光器件的效率和亮度。器件的最大电流效率从16.12 cd/A增加到20.52 cd/A,相对提高了27.30%;最大功率效率从14.23 lm/W增加到17.64 lm/W,相对提高了23.96%。文中对提高效率的物理机制进行了详细的阐述。     

高效率有机蓝光和白光电致发光器件

以蓝光材料FIrpic同时掺杂空穴传输层TCTA和电子传输层TPBI,制备了具有双发光层的高效率蓝光器件(D-BOLED),D-BOLED最大发光效率达23.4 cd/A,比单发光层蓝光器件(S-BOLED)提高了约36.8%.这是因为双发光层结构能够更有效地利用扩散到激子复合界面两边载流子传输层的三线态激子.结合基于...     

氧化锌作为电子传输层的量子点发光二极管

为降低量子点发光二极管(QLED)的开启电压,提高器件性能,利用电子传输性能良好的氧化锌(ZnO)作为电子传输层,制备了结构为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/poly-TPD/QDs/ZnO/Al的QLED样品。在该器件结构基础上,采用隧穿注入和空间电荷限制电流模型仿真分析了载流子在量子点(QDs)层的电流密度。研究发现,当ZnO厚度为50 nm时,poly-TPD的理论最优厚度为40 nm,载流子在QDs层的注入达到相对平衡。通过测试器件的电流密度-电压-亮度-发光效率特性,研究了空穴传输层厚度对QLED器件性能的影响。实验结果表明,当空穴传输层厚度为40 nm时,器件的开启电压为1.7 V,最大发光效率为1.18 cd/A。在9 V电压下,器件最大亮度达到5 225 cd/m~2,远优于其他厚度的器件。实验结果与仿真结果基本吻合。     

1,5-萘二胺衍生物的合成及发光行为

通过在CuI的强碱溶液中Ullmann反应合成了纯度较高的1,5-萘二胺衍生物NPN,制备了NPN薄膜。利用紫外／可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱的溶剂效应对化合物NPN的发光行为进行了研究,了解了该分子在基态和激发态时的性质。差热扫描法(DSC)测定其玻璃化温度(t)高达129．7℃,熔点达245．7℃。结果表明,NPN薄膜在365nm紫外光的激发下,产生发光峰在448．6nm附近、谱线带宽为72．6nm的蓝光发射,发光亮度高,色纯度高。该材料具有良好的热稳定性,期望通过设计合理的器件结构实现电致蓝光发射。同时NPN保持了TPD、NPB三苯胺的基本结构特征,具有较好的给电子性,而且引入1,5-萘二胺结构单元,使结构更紧凑,有利于空穴迁移率的提高,也可望成为优良的空穴传输材料。     

高效率的蓝色磷光有机电致发光器件

制备了基于双母体结构的高效率蓝色磷光有机电致发光器件。通过与采用单母体结构和双发光层结构的器件性能进行对比,发现双母体结构的应用对蓝光器件的性能起到了明显的提升作用。双母体蓝光器件的最大效率为14.9 cd/A(13.3 lm/W),最大亮度达到10 440 cd/m~2,其开启电压仅为2.7 V。蓝光器件同时展示出低的效率滚降特性,在100~5 000 cd/m~2范围内,器件的效率滚降仅为35.3%。在3~8 V的电压变化内,器件的色坐标一直位于蓝光区域。     

利用p型掺杂技术制备的高效有机电致发光器件

利用氧化钼(MoO_x)作为p型掺杂剂,以掺杂层4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl(CBP):MoO_x作为空穴注入层,制备了一种结构为ITO/MoO_x/CBP:MoO_x/CBP/CBP:tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III)(Ir(ppy)₃)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(Bphen)/LiF/Al的有机电致发光器件.器件中CBP同时作为空穴注入层、空穴传输层以及发光层母体材料,这种结构具有结构简单同时能有效降低空穴注入势垒等优点.研究发现,随着空穴注入层厚度的增加,器件的电流密度增加,表明p型掺杂层的引入能够有效增强空穴的注入;通过优化器件空穴注入层与空穴传输层厚度,器件性能有所提高,最大电流效率为29.8 cd/A,可以认为合理的优化空穴注入层和空穴传输层的厚度,使载流子在发光层中的分布更加平衡是提高器件发光效率的主要原因.值得指出的是,从电流效率最大值到亮度为 20 000 cd/m²时,优化后器件的效率衰减仅为17.7%,而常规器件的效率衰减则为62.1%,优化后器件效率衰减现象得到了明显的改善.分析认为优化后的器件中未掺杂的CBP有助于展宽激子形成区宽度,进而减弱了三线态-三线态湮灭、三线态-极化子淬灭现象,激子形成区的展宽是改善效率衰减的主要原因.     

高亮度高效率蓝色聚合物发光二极管

蓝色聚合物发光二极管是人们关注的课题,前不久,我们报道[1]了利用ITO/PVCz/BBOT/Mg·Ag结构达到亮度1700cd/m2,量子效率0.2%的蓝色器件.在本文中我们报道以掺杂perylene(PRL)和triphenylamine(TPA)的poly(N-vinylcar-bazole)(PVCz)为空穴传输层,以PBD为空穴锁住层,Alq为电子注入层的器件,其亮度达6100cd/m2,量子效率达0.7500,流明效率0.451m/W的蓝色发光器件.就我们所知,这个亮度是蓝光中最高的亮度.     

基于溶液加工小分子材料发光层的有机-无机复合发光器件

报道了基于溶液加工有机小分子材料发光层、聚乙烯亚胺电子注入层的有机-无机复合发光器件. 优化了空穴传输层和磷光染料的掺杂浓度, 得到最佳发光效率的器件. 蓝光、黄光和红光器件的最大外量子效率为17.3%, 10.7% 和7.3%. 在发光亮度为1000 cd/m² 时, 蓝光、黄光和红光器件的外量子效率分别为17.0%, 10.6% 和5.8%, 器件效率下降较小. 原因在于同时采用空穴传输型和电子传输型的小分子材料作为共同主体材料, 器件具有较宽的载流子复合区域, 降低了三线激发态-三线激发态湮灭和三线激发态-极化子相互作用对器件发光效率的影响. 白光器件在亮度为1000 cd/m²时, 发光效率和功率效率为31 cd/A和 14.8 lm/W. 器件的色度为(0.32, 0.42), 色度比较稳定, 随电流的变化微小. 器件的效率较以往报道的有机-无机复合发光器件有显著的提高, 主要归因于在聚乙烯亚胺上能够制备特性良好的小分子材料薄膜, 以及小分子主体材料拥有较高的三线态能量和平衡的载流子传输特性, 能够获得高效的磷光发射.     

基于ZnS增透膜的顶发射白光有机发光二极管

顶发射白光有机发光二极管(TEWOLED)在白光照明和全彩显示中有着良好的应用前景, 克服顶发射器件中的微腔效应是制备光电性能良好的TEWOLED的前提. 使用具有高折射率的ZnS作为增透膜改善金属阴极在蓝光波段的透射率,降低其反射性, 从而有效抑制了微腔的影响.同时利用转移矩阵理论和宽角干涉方法分别对阴极结构和 蓝光发光层位置进行了优化,最终获得了高效、色纯度良好、色度随视角变化小的TEWOLED. 最高亮度和效率分别达到9213 cd/m²和3 cd/A,色坐标位于白光区且接近白光等能点, 同时具有良好的视角稳定性,在0°---60°范围内色坐标仅变化(0.02, 0).     

Novel Chiral Conducting Poly[N-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-Alanine] (PN9FA) with Good Fluorescence Properties via Electropolymerization

Poly[N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-alanine] (PN9FA) films with good fluorescence properties and chirality were prepared electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-alanine (N9FA) in boron trifluoride diethyletherate (BFEE). Results of FT-IR spectral measurements indicated that N9FA was probably polymerized through the coupling at the C (2) and C (7) positions. Results of electrochemical measurements of PN9FA showed good redox activity and stability. The fluorescence spectra indicated that PN9FA films were blue-light emitters. In addition, the structures and properties of the monomer and the polymers were characterized and evaluated with cyclic voltammograms (CVs), 1H-NMR, UV–vis spectra (UV), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

新型苯乙烯衍生物掺杂的蓝色及白色有机电致发光器件

研究了新型高效蓝色掺杂剂EBDP的电致发光性能. 分别以EBDP为掺杂剂制备了结构为氧化铟 锡(ITO)/酞菁铜(CuPc)/N,N′-二(1-萘基)-N,N′-二苯基-1,1′-联苯-4-4′-二胺(NPB)/2- 叔丁基-9,10-二-(2-萘基)蒽(TBADN):EBDP/8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq₃)/LiF/Al 与ITO /CuPc/NPB/TBADN:EBDP: 4-二氰亚甲基-2-叔丁基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久咯呢定基-9-烯基)- 4H-吡喃/Alq_{3 关键词： 有机电致发光 蓝色掺杂剂 蓝色电致发光器件 白色电致发光器件}     

Photoluminescence and electroluminescence of a novel green-yellow emitting material-5,6-Bis-[4-(naphthalene-1-yl-phenyl-amino)-phenyl]-pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile

A new compound with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) property—5,6-Bis-[4-(naphthalene-1-yl-phenyl-amino)-phenyl]-pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile(BNPPDC) was synthesized. The new compound was strongly fluorescent in non-polar and moderately polar solvents, as well as in thin solid film. The absorption and emission maxima shifted to longer wavelength with increasing solvent polarity. The fluorescence quantum yield also increased with increasing solvent polarity from non-polar to moderately polar solvents, then decreased with further increase of solvent polarity. This indicates both “positive” and “negative” solvatokinetic effects co-existed. Using this material as hole-transporting emitter and host emitter, we fabricated two electroluminescent (EL) devices with structures of A (ITO/BNPPDC (45 nm)/1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBI) (45 nm)/Mg:Ag (200 nm) and B (ITO/N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-(3-methylphenyl) (1,1′-diphenyl)4,4′-diamine (TPD) (50 nm)/BNPPDC (20 nm)/1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBI) (45 nm)/Mg:Ag (200 nm). The devices showed green-yellow EL emission with good efficiency and high brightness. For example, the device A exhibited a high brightness of 17400 cd/m² at a driving voltage of 11 V and a very low turn-on voltage (2.9 V), as well as a maximum luminous efficiency 3.61 cd/A. The device B showed a similar performance with a high brightness of 12650 cd/m² at a driving voltage of 13 V and a maximum luminous efficiency 3.62 cd/A. In addition, the EL devices using BNPPDC as a host and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) as a dopant (configuration: ITO/TPD (60 nm)/BNPPDC:DCJTB (2%) (30 nm)/TPBI (35 nm)/Mg:Ag (200 nm)) showed a good performance with a brightness of 150 cd/m² at 4.5 V, a maximum brightness of 12600 cd/m² at 11.5 V, and a maximum luminous efficiency of 3.30 cd/A.     

基于7-（9H-carbazol-9-yl）-N,N-diphenyl-9, 9’-spirobi[fluoren]-2-amine主体材料的高效红色电致磷光器件

研究了基于新型骨架7-（9H-carbazol-9-yl）-N,N-diphenyl-9,9’-spirobi[fluoren]-2-amine（CzFA）双极性主体材料的红色电致磷光器件的光电特性。研究结果表明：将红色磷光染料iridium（Ⅲ）bis[2-methyldibenzo-（f,h）quinoxaline]（acetylacetonate）（Ir（MDQ）₂（acac））掺杂到CzFA主体材料中,以其制备的电致发光器件具有优良的特性,最大电流效率为27.8 cd/A,最大功率效率为21.8 lm/W,最大功率效率几乎是先前报道的主体材料为CBP器件（13.7 lm/W）的1.6倍。这种咔唑-螺二芴-二胺基团所组成的双极性主体材料对于提升磷光器件的性能起到了重要的作用。     

Solution-processed white organic light-emitting diodes with mixed-host structures

Efficient white light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) were fabricated with a solution-processed single emission layer composed of a molecular and polymeric material mixed-host (MH). The main host used was a blue-emitting molecular material of 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (DPVBi) and the assisting host used was a hole-transport-type polymer of poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). By co-doping 4,4′-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl and 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphacene into the MH, the performances of the fabricated devices made with different mixing ratio of host materials were investigated, and were to depend on the mixing ratios. Under the optimal PVK:DPVBi ratio (3:7), we achieved a maximum luminance of 14 110 cd/m² and a maximum current efficiency of 9.5 cd/A. These improvements were attributed to the MH structure, which effectively improved the thermal stability of spin-coated film and enhanced the hole-injection/transporting properties of WOLEDs.     

High-Efficiency Blue Electroluminescence Based on Coumarin Derivative 3-(4-(anthracen-10-yl)phenyl)-benzo[5,6]coumarin

The electroluminescent (EL) properties of a new coumarin derivative, 3-(4-(anthracen-10-yl)phenyl)-benzo[5,6]coumarin (APBC), were investigated. The results show that the EL devices comprised of vacuum vapor-deposited films using the derivative as dopant exhibited blue emission that is identical to the photoluminescence of the thin film. The electroluminescence device of ITO/2-TNATA (5?nm)/NPB (40?nm)/CBP : APBC (1.0?wt%, 30?nm)/PBD (30?nm)/LiF (1?nm)/Al (100?nm) gives a maximum luminous efficiency of 2.3?cd/A at the current density of 20?mA/cm², and maximum luminance of 5169?cd/m² at 16?V. The external quantum efficiency of the device is 1.85?%.     

基于1,3,5-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene 主体材料的高效蓝色电致磷光器件

以1,3,5-tri(9H-ctarbazol-9-yl)benzene(TCzP)为主体材料,制备了FIrpic掺杂的高效有机电致蓝光双发光层器件,最大亮度为11957 cd/m2;最大电流效率为18.8 cd/A;色坐标为(0.17,0.37);光谱峰值位于472nm,在496 nm处有一肩峰;即使在1 000cd...     

Synthesis, Photo- and Electro-Luminescence of 3-Benzoxazol-2-yl-Coumarin Derivatives

Two coumarin derivatives containing electron-transporting benzoxazolyl moiety, 7-(diethylamino)-3-(benzoxazol-2-yl)coumarin (DABOC) and 3-(benzoxazol-2-yl)benzo[5,6]coumarin (BOBC), were synthesized and characterized. The photoluminescence and electroluminescence of the compounds were investigated detailedly. The compounds exhibited strong blue-green emissions in both solution and solid states, but the devices with DABOC as the emitting layer exhibited orange emission and maximum luminous efficiency of 2.8 cd/A and maximum luminance of 8,800 cd/m², and the devices with BOBC displayed orange-white emission and maximum luminous efficiency of 0.13 cd/A and maximum luminance of 540 cd/m².     

Efficient white organic light-emitting devices using 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline as block layer

A white light-emitting device has been fabricated with a structure of ITO/m-MTDATA (45 nm)/NPB (10 nm)/DPVBi (8 nm)/DPVBi:DCJTB 0.5% (15 nm)/BPhen (x nm)/Alq₃ [(55−x) nm]/LiF (1 nm)/Al, with x=0, 4, and 7. BPhen was used as the hole-blocking layer. This results in a mixture of lights from DPVBi molecules (blue-light) and DCJTB (yellow-light) molecules, producing white light emission. The chromaticity can be readily adjusted by only varying the thickness of the BPhen layer. The CIE coordinates of the device are largely insensitive to the driving voltages. When the thickness of BPhen is 7 nm, the device exhibits peak efficiency of 6.87 cd/A (3.59 lm/W) at the applied voltage of 6 V, the maximum external quantum efficiency η_ext=2.07% corresponding to 6.18 cd/A, and the maximum brightness is 18494 cd/m² at 15 V.     

Synthesis and electroluminescence properties of benzothiazole derivatives

Benzothiazole-based blue fluorescent materials N-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine (BPPA) and N-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine (BPNA) were synthesized for use in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Electroluminescent device with a configuration of ITO/NPB/BPPA/BCP/Alq₃/LiF/Al showed a maximum brightness of 3760 cd/m² at 14.4 V with the CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.16). A current efficiency of 3.01 cd/A and an external quantum efficiency of 2.37% at 20 mA/cm² were obtained from this device. Molecules derived from BPPA and BPNA with incorporated dicyanomethylidene, which is a functional group for most red fluorescent molecules, were designed, synthesized and characterized to study the red fluorescence properties of the benzothiazole derivatives.