絮凝剂P(DMDAAC/DMC/IA/FA)处理印染和钻井废水的研究

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)、衣康酸(IA)、富马酸(FA)以不同配比共聚合成絮凝剂P(DMDAAC/DMC/IA/FA),得到絮凝剂I和II。研究了絮凝剂I和II对印染废水、钻井废水絮凝效果;由电镜扫描观察得到絮体的形貌图,非线性分维计算了絮体形貌的空隙分维数。结果表明,絮凝剂I在p H~8、投加量为0.75g/L时,对印染废水的CODCr去除率是45.9%;絮凝剂II在p H~10、投加量0.25g/L,对钻井废水的CODCr去除率为73.4%。不同合成条件得到的絮凝剂处理不同的废水效果不同。非线性分维数计算与试验结果一致。     

壳聚糖改性絮凝剂絮凝性能的研究

壳聚糖是一种性能优异的天然高分子材料。由于糖环上含有氨基,在酸性溶液中易形成阳离子型聚电解质,在水处理中显示出良好的絮凝性能。为了进一步提高壳聚糖的水处理性能,人们还通过化学方法制备高效壳聚糖改性絮凝剂材料。本文以一种壳聚糖改性絮凝剂——壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酰胺共聚物为研究对象,以高岭土悬浊液为模拟水样,通过实验室烧杯实验,系统地研究了该材料的实际絮凝性能,考察了新型絮凝剂投加量和实际絮凝效果与原水温度、浊度的对应关系,并从絮凝机理角度讨论了絮凝剂投加量的变化规律。     

复合型高效絮凝脱色剂处理印染废水的研究

选用自制的双氰胺甲醛作为絮凝脱色剂处理高浓度印染废水,并与硫酸铝、三氯化铝作了对比实验。考察了投加量、pH值、反应温度等因素对絮凝效果的影响。实验结果表明在用量较少并且其它操作条件相同的情况下,双氰胺甲醛制备的脱色絮凝剂具有很好的絮凝脱色效果及COD_(Cr)去除率。在最佳的操作条件下(投加量120 mg/L,pH=7,反应温度25℃),此脱色絮凝剂对分散、酸性、活性印染废水的COD_(Cr)去除率分别为79.1%、78.5%、79.0%,对分散、酸性、活性印染废水的脱色率分别为94.0%、97.1%、72.9%,减轻了后续处理难度。在与无机絮凝剂的对比试验中,在相同的条件下有机絮凝剂的处理效果总体比无机絮凝剂的处理效果好。     

聚合氯化铁的制备及其絮凝效果

以赤铁矿和工业盐酸为原料,采用盐酸酸浸和加碱聚合等方法制取聚合氯化铁絮凝剂(PFC),将其用来处理造纸废水,并与市售聚合氯化铁和碱式氯化铝絮凝剂进行比较.结果表明,在碱化度为2∶1、聚合温度为40℃、陈化时间为24h时,自制聚合氯化铁絮凝剂对造纸废水具有较好的处理效果;投加量为1.4mL/L时,造纸废水的浊度降低了99%,化学需氧量(COD)降低了69.55%,优于市售絮凝剂对造纸废水的处理效果;且三种絮凝剂用量相同时,自制的聚合氯化铁絮凝剂形成絮体的速率和沉降速率都较快.     

两种两性高分子絮凝剂处理印染废水的研究

采用水溶液聚合方法制备两种两性高分子絮凝剂p(DMDAAC-co-FA)和p(DMC-co-DMAEMA-coAMPS)。对两种共聚合产物进行了傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)结构表征。用两种絮凝剂对印染废水进行絮凝试验的结果显示,絮凝剂p(DMDAAC-co-FA)在pH~7、投加量120 mg·L~(-1)时,CODCr去除率79.2%,色度去除率95.0%;絮凝剂p(DMC-co-DMAEMA-co-AMPS)在pH~7、投加量140 mg·L~(-1)时,CODCr去除率75.3%,色度去除率92.0%。通过对絮凝试验的絮体进行电镜扫描分析,采用非线性数学分形理论盒子法计算絮体形貌的空隙分维数Df,结果表明,絮体形貌的空隙分维数理论计算值与试验结果相符。     

Al-Fe-Mg三阳离子聚硅酸絮凝剂的研发

为了提高腈纶废水的絮凝处理效果,研发了一种Al-Fe-Mg三阳离子聚硅酸絮凝剂。通过正交实验研究了金属溶液浓度、硅与金属比例以及铝、铁、镁之间比例对絮凝剂制备的影响。然后,将制备好的絮凝剂药液投加入废水中,研究其投加量及pH对废水处理的影响。结果表明,将聚硅酸溶液倾倒入(金属溶液浓度为0.02mol·L~(-1),Si与金属摩尔比为2∶1,金属铝铁镁摩尔比为3∶1∶2)金属溶液搅拌快速搅拌5min后静置12h,在此条件下制备的铝铁镁絮凝剂效果最佳,并且硅与金属比例是复合絮凝剂的主要影响因素,去浊率可达99.59%。     

一种复合脱色剂在印染废水中的应用研究

以甲醛、双氰胺、醋酸钠、氯化铵、氯化铝等为原料制备了一种印染废水脱色絮凝剂T-1。采用福州某纺织印染有限公司的印染废水为处理对象,以脱色率为主要考核指标,讨论了T-1的投加量、pH值、废水温度等对絮凝效果的影响。实验结果表明,双氰胺-甲醛缩聚物对印染废水具有优良的脱色絮凝效果,当投加量为100mg/L,废水温度为30℃,pH=8时,处理效果最佳,色度去除率达70%,COD去除率为78.3%。而且其絮凝性能明显优于聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铝(PAS)絮凝剂。     

聚硅酸硫酸铁/壳聚糖复合絮凝剂的制备及其在废水处理中的应用

制备了无机高分子复合絮凝剂聚硅酸硫酸铁（PFSS）和助凝剂壳聚糖（CTS）,考察了影响合成及絮凝剂应用的因素,探讨了其组成、投加量以及pH值对城市废水絮凝效果的影响,通过对模拟废水和城市废水絮凝试验,得出最佳的合成和应用条件：n（Fe）∶n（Si）=1∶1,PFSS的碱化度为1.5,聚合硫酸铁（PFS）的pH=2,聚硅酸（PS）的活化时间为1.5 h;n（PFSS）∶n（CTS）=5∶1,投加量为(20+4) mg/L,pH值的范围为6～9,沉降时间为15 min。 复合絮凝剂（PFSS-CTS）在最佳条件下浊度、色度、COD的去除率分别达到95.04%、91.26%和83.45%。     

新型海水微生物絮凝剂研制取得初步成果

国家“十一五”科技支撑计划的生活用海水集成技术研究及应用研究子课题海水净化微生物絮凝剂研究工作,目前已取得阶段性成果。海水微生物絮凝剂是一种天然高分子絮凝剂,具有可生物降解性、无二次污染等优点,是当前絮凝剂研究领域的热点。承担该任务的国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所课题组成员经过科研攻关,成功地从土壤和污泥中筛选出具有絮凝效果的微生物产生菌菌株,完成了对海水微生物絮凝剂产生菌菌种的鉴定等工作。初步确定了絮凝剂的有效成分和絮凝活性分布,确定了实验条件下投加量、水力条件、无机盐和pH值等的最佳取值范围,为海水微生物絮凝剂的应用等后续研究工作提供了有效支持。(中国化工仪器网)新型海水微生物絮凝剂研制取得初步成果     

两性高分子絮凝剂P(FA/NVP/DMC)处理钻井废水的研究

考查了一种两性高分子絮凝剂P(FA/NVP/DMC)对钻井废水的絮凝性能。试验显示,在pH=7、投加量为186.94mg/L条件下,CODCr去除率达到90.2%,浊度去除率达到98.9%;对钻井废水絮凝处理后的絮体进行电镜扫描,运用非线性数学分形理论计算絮体空隙分维数,结果表明,理论计算与试验结果一致。     

以赤泥为原料合成聚合氯化铝铁复合絮凝剂及其应用

介绍了用炼铝废弃物赤泥制备聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂（PAFC）的基本工艺.研究了液固比、反应温度、反应时间对赤泥溶出率的影响,确定了最佳溶出条件为反应液固比3.5∶1、温度85℃、时间1.5 h;制备聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的最佳工艺条件为铝铁摩尔比1∶1,温度60℃,反应时间1.0 h.通过对该产品进行混凝试验,得出当PAFC投加量为0.80 mL.L-1,沉降时间为30 min,pH在6～7之间时,浊度、色度、COD的最大去除率分别达到69%、85%、70%.     

赤泥的固硫特性及其机理研究

燃烧固硫技术作为洁净煤技术的一个重要发展方向,一直受到研究者的关注.其中,对固硫剂的研究也是热点之一.     

The influence of soda additive on the thermal properties of red mud

The dehydration and decomposition of the red mud from Seydięehir Aluminum factory, mixed with soda were investigated under dynamic and isothermal conditions. Soda was added to the red mud samples as much as 50, 100 and 150 mass% of Na₂CO₃ of the red mud sample's mass. To determine the effect of soda additive on the red mud's thermal properties, using TG and DTA techniques simultaneously under atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, the original red mud sample's XRD and IR spectrum curves were investigated. It seems that the temperatures of the endothermic peaks of the red mud decreased with the amount of soda added. However the endothermic peak's temperature readings showed that the melting of soda increased gradually with the quantity of soda used. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

An investigation on characterization and thermal analysis of the Aughinish red mud

Summary Red mud is insoluble, fine-grained waste residue which is generated as a by product during the production of alumina from the Bayer process. In this article, the thermal behavior of Aughinish red mud was investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). For identification of oxide and mineral phases in the red mud sample, XRD method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDAX were used. Iron (30.4%), aluminium (23.6%) and titanium (17.85%) oxides are major oxides in the sample. Two endothermic peaks were shown on DTA curve. The total mass loss in the red mud was found to be 10.1%, which was associated with moisture and water molecules in gibbsite and boehmite phases.     

Preparation and performance of Fe(II)-akaganeite(β-FeOOH) modified red mud granule filter material

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Red mud granule filter material (RMGFM) was prepared, then was used as a support for preparation of Fe(II)-akaganeite (β-FeOOH) modified red mud granule...     

Red mud for purification of galvanic wastewater

A study of a coagulant-adsorbent, new agent for treatment of industrial waste water, which is modified red mud, a residue from alumina manufactures. The efficiency of the coagulant-adsorbent use was demonstrated for the purification of waste water from heavy metals.     

A Chemical Engineer's View of the Red Mud Disaster

The red mud disaster of October 4, 2010, followed the collapse of the Chamber 10 dam in Ajka Alumina Refinery, Hungary. Serious questions then arose about the properties of red mud, its health and environmental impacts, disposal of red mud, and the reasons for the collapse of the embankment.     

Removal of phenol from aqueous phase by using neutralized red mud

The objective of this study is to remove the phenol from aqueous solution by using the neutralized red mud in batch adsorption technique. The study was carried out as functions of contact time, pH, initial phenol concentration, red mud dosage and effect of salt addition. The experiments demonstrated that maximum phenol removal was obtained in a wide pH range of 1-9 and it takes 10 h to attain equilibrium. The adsorption data was analyzed using the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models and it was found that the Freundlich isotherm model represented the measured sorption data well. The influence of addition of salt on phenol removal depends on the relative affinity of the anions for the red mud surface and the relative concentrations of the anions.     

Synthesis and electromagnetic shielding behaviour of poly(o‐toluidine)/red mud composite

This paper is an attempt to find out application of red mud in controlling electromagnetic pollution. Composite of PoT/RM has been prepared by in‐situ chemical oxidative polymerization and has been tested for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Red mud here acted as a filler material. The incorporation of 50 wt% red mud in the polymer matrix results in a shielding effectiveness of 8.9 dB in 8.2 to 12.4 GHz frequency range (X‐band). Furthermore, the structural analysis, morphology, and magnetization have been studied using XRD, TEM, and VSM techniques, respectively. TEM image of the composite shows the distribution of red mud particles in the polymer matrix. The magnetization decreases on incorporation of red mud in the polymer matrix.     

Intercalation modification of Fe OCl and its application in dye wastewater treatment

The textile industry spreads globally with the challenges of its wastewater treatment,especially dyes,which are difficult to degrade.To improve coagulation-flocculation process in dye wastewater treatment,an intercalation process was employed to prepare a new efficient coagulant of lithium borohydride-iron oxychloride(LiBH_4_FeOCl) in this study.The layered crystal pristine iron oxychloride(FeOCl) material was prepared by chemical gas phase migration.LiBH4 was introduced into the layers of two dimensional(2 D) FeOCl nanosheets by a simple method of liquid phase insertion.The samples were characterized by a field emitting scanning electron microscopy(SEM),a rotating anode X-ray powder diffractometer(XRD),etc.The cationic dye was employed as the simulated pollutant.A coagulation and decolorization experimental device was built to study the coagulation performance of the new coagulant LiBH_4_FeOCl.It is found that the intercalation modified LiBH_4_FeOCl exhibits the characteristics of crystal structure,and the layered structure of FeOCl is preserved.LiBH_4_FeOCl,as an insoluble inorganic solid coagulant,performs well for dye pollutants of methyl red,basic yellow 1,methylene blue,rhodamine B,ethyl violet and Janus green B.The reaction rate is significantly 68% higher than the current commercial coagulants of Al_2(SO_4)_3.The mechanism analysis reveals that LiBH_4_FeOCl breaks and disperses rapidly in the water environment.Its negatively charged material particles can be electrostatically adsorbed with dye pollutant molecules through electrostatic action.The above collaborative actions of breaking,dispersion and electrostatic adsorption are the main coagulation mechanisms of LiBH_4_FeOCl.The solid inorganic coagulant of LiBH_4_FeOCl provides a competitive alternative for traditional inorganic salts and organic coagulants.