6-(4'-烟酰胺基)苯基-3-(3'-吡啶基)哒嗪并[3,2-c]1,2,4-三唑的制备及其对Hg(Ⅱ)离子吸附性能

利用3-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯哒嗪和烟肼合成了新化合物6-(4'-烟酰胺基)苯基-3-(3'-吡啶基)哒嗪并[3,2-c]1,2,4-三唑(K_2),通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱等技术手段对化合物K2进行了表征。化合物K_2可以选择吸附Hg(Ⅱ)离子。通过火焰原子吸收法(FAAS)检测Hg(Ⅱ)离子吸附,结果表明,在pH值6.0~8.0条件下,20 min即可达吸附平衡,饱和吸附量为45.60 mg/g。以0.50 mol/L HCl与1.00 mol/L硫脲作为洗脱剂,洗脱率达97%。对Cd(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)和/Mn(Ⅱ)的选择性系数分别为5.67、6.70、10.20、8.90和9.21,体现了化合物K_2良好的选择吸附能力。化合物K_2对Hg(Ⅱ)离子的吸附符合准二级动力学反应控制的化学吸附过程和Langmuir模型。     

离子印迹壳聚糖/凹土分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱测定中药材中痕量Cd(Ⅱ)的研究

建立了离子印迹壳聚糖/凹凸棒石(IICA)分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定中药材中痕量Cd(Ⅱ)的新方法。在动态吸附条件下,系统研究了溶液pH值、流速、洗脱条件和干扰离子对痕量Cd(Ⅱ)分离富集的影响。研究表明,在pH为4.5,上样流速为0.60mL/min条件下,Cd(Ⅱ)能被IICA定量富集;吸附的Cd(Ⅱ)可用1.0mol/L HCl-0.1mol/L甲基异丁酮的乙醇溶液,在流速为0.96mL/min条件下完全洗脱。优化条件下,IICA对Cd(Ⅱ)的动态吸附容量为56.45mg/g。线性范围为0.00097～1.28mg/L,r=0.9994,检出限(3σ,n=11)为0.97μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.32%(n=6,c=0.08mg/L),回收率在96.5%～106.4%之间。该方法操作简便,灵敏度和精密度高,可应用于实际中药材样品中痕量镉的测定。     

氨丙基硅三烷改性介孔二氧化硅及对痕量镉(Ⅱ)的分离富集性能研究

以氨丙基硅三烷作为改性剂,对介孔二氧化硅表面进行修饰,制备了氨基化介孔二氧化硅吸附材料,采用透射电镜和傅立叶红外光谱仪对其进行表征,并用于水样中痕量镉的富集,建立了氨基化介孔二氧化硅分离预富集/火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量镉的方法。考察了溶液pH值、样品流速、洗脱剂类型、干扰离子和吸附容量等对痕量镉分离富集的影响,以及该吸附材料对痕量镉(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。结果表明,溶液pH 7.0,样品流速8 m L/min时镉离子能被制备材料高效吸附,吸附的镉(Ⅱ)用5.0 m L 2 mol/L HNO_3完全洗脱,火焰原子吸收法测定。在最佳实验条件下,方法的线性范围为0.6~20 ng/m L,定量下限为0.5 ng/m L,富集倍数为50倍,对10 ng/m L Cd2+测定的相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.92%,加标回收率为98.8%~104.5%。该方法的抗干扰能力较好,富集柱可循环使用12次以上,可用于环境水样中镉(Ⅱ)的测定。     

1-(4-安替比林)-3-(3-硝基苯胺)三氮烯分光光度法测定镉(Ⅱ)

合成了一种新的显色剂三氮烯试剂1-(4-安替比林)-3-(3-硝基苯胺)三氮烯(ANTA),并研究了该显色剂与镉(Ⅱ)的显色反应。在Tween-80存在下及pH 10.2的硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,显色剂ANTA与镉(Ⅱ)形成2∶1的稳定络合物。其最大吸收波长位于508 nm波长处,表观摩尔吸光率为3.4×105L.mol-1.cm-1。镉(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在30.0~450μg.L-1范围内符合比耳定律,方法的检出限(3σ/k)为10.0μg.L-1。方法用于废水样品中微量镉(Ⅱ)的测定,测定结果与原子吸收光谱法相一致,平均回收率为103.5%,平均相对标准偏差(n=6)为4%。     

二乙烯三胺键合硅胶的制备及其对痕量铜(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

以二乙烯三胺为改性剂,对硅胶进行表面修饰,制备了二乙烯三胺改性硅胶吸附材料,采用傅立叶红外光谱仪(IR)对其进行表征,用静态法考察了该吸附材料对痕量铜(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。在p H 5.5,35℃下恒温振荡50 min,Cu2+,Cd2+能同时被吸附材料很好的吸附,吸附的Cu2+,Cd2+可用0.5 mol/L硫脲+0.2 mol/L HNO3完全洗脱。其静态饱和吸附容量分别为16.63,24.86 mg/g。对2.0 mg/L的Cu2+,Cd2+的标准溶液液进行11次测定,相对标准偏差分别为3.3%和1.5%,检出限(3σ,n=11)分别为5.90,3.77μg/L。加标回收率分别95%~101%和99%~104%。方法可用于实际矿样中痕量铜、镉的测定。     

介孔TiO2分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定矿样中痕量Cd(Ⅱ)

研究了介孔Ti O2分离富集材料的制备及其对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能,考察了影响吸附和解吸的主要因素。pH=6.0时,介孔Ti O2能定量吸附溶液中的痕量Cd(Ⅱ),其静态饱和吸附容量为57.8 mg/g。吸附在介孔Ti O2上的Cd(Ⅱ)可用1 mol/L HCl洗脱,洗脱液中的Cd(Ⅱ)用火焰原子吸收法测定。本法对Cd(Ⅱ)的检出限(3σ)为23.3 ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.0%(n=7,c=1.0μg/mL),回收率在94.0%～102.5%之间。该方法用于矿样中痕量Cd(Ⅱ)的测定,结果满意。     

纳米二氧化钛对水中Sn(Ⅱ)、Sn(Ⅳ)和二丁基锡吸附性能的研究

采用流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法研究纳米TiO2对Sn(Ⅱ)、Sn(Ⅳ)和二丁基锡(DBT)的吸附作用,探讨在不同pH值、吸附时间、试样浓度和试样体积下,不同用量的纳米TiO2的吸附效果以及试样的洗脱条件和效率。结果表明,Sn(Ⅱ)和Sn(Ⅳ)的浓度≤6.0μg/mL、体积≤500 mL、pH=3.0;DBT的浓度≤0.2μg/mL、体积≤50 mLp、H=4.0,30 mg纳米TiO2对Sn(Ⅱ)、Sn(Ⅳ)和DBT的吸附率≥90.0%。在25℃条件下,纳米TiO2对Sn(Ⅱ)、Sn(Ⅳ)和DBT的饱和吸附容量分别为23.6μg/mg、13.7μg/mg和0.628μg/mg,适用于无机锡和二丁基锡污染的吸附去除及对水中无机及丁基锡的定量富集。用4 mol/L HCl对吸附的Sn(Ⅱ)、Sn(Ⅳ)和DBT进行洗脱,洗脱率达到98%以上,可做为样品分析的前处理方法。     

1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(2-吡嗪)-三氮烯的合成及与镉(Ⅱ)的显色反应

报道了显色剂1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(2-吡嗪)-三氮烯化合物的合成及其与镉(Ⅱ)的显色反应。在非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100存在下,pH 10.5的Na2B4O7-NaOH的缓冲介质中,该试剂能与镉(Ⅱ)与发生显色反应,形成摩尔比为4∶1的黄棕色配合物,配合物在波长453 nm处有最大吸收峰,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为6.90×104L.mol-1.cm-1,镉(Ⅱ)质量浓度在0~0.56μg/mL范围内遵守比尔定律。用拟定方法测不同废水中的镉(Ⅱ)。     

1-(2-苯并咪唑)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯的合成及与镉(Ⅱ)的显色反应

报道了1-(2-苯并咪唑)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯(PIPAPT)的合成及与镉(Ⅱ)的显色反应。在非离子表面活性剂OP存在下,于pH 11.0 Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲体系中,试剂与镉(Ⅱ)形成4∶1的橘红色配合物,其最大吸收波长位于523 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.19×105L.mol-1.cm-1。镉质量浓度在0~0.7μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律。方法可用于水中微量镉的测定。     

空心ZnO微米花材料富集-分光光度法测定Pb(Ⅱ)方法研究

建立了空心ZnO微米花材料富集-分光光度法测定Pb(Ⅱ)的新方法。在溶液的pH=6.0时,用空心ZnO微米花吸附Pb(Ⅱ),吸附15 min,其吸附率可达到95.44%。用5.0 mL 0.01 mol·L~(-1)NaOH溶液从空心ZnO微米花上洗脱Pb(Ⅱ),其回收率可达到95.34%,即能被定量洗脱。以二甲酚橙为显色剂,用分光光度法测定分离富集后的Pb(Ⅱ),线性范围为0.1～3 000μg·L~(-1),相关系数R~2=0.9989,方法的检出限为0.005μg·L~(-1)。该方法用于环境水样中Pb(Ⅱ)的分析简单快捷。     

在线流动注射螯合树脂预富集石英缝管增敏火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量镉和铜

应用高效的在线流动注射螯合树脂预富集石英缝管增敏火焰原子吸收系统直接测定水中痕量镉和铜 ,试验用内装 2 0 0 mg Amberlite XAD- 4键合的 5-磺酸 - 8-羟基喹啉螯合树脂的锥形柱 ,在 p H6条件下 ,样品流速为 6.0 ml·min-1,90 s装样 ,用 0 .5mol· L-1HCl洗脱 ,分析速度为30样·h-1分别获得 38和 40倍的富集 ,经石英缝管增敏 ,总灵敏度分别提高 1 36和 1 2 0倍 ,检出限为 0 .1和 0 .2μg· L-1。对镉和铜含量分别为 2 .0 ,5.0μg· L-1的水样连续测定 1 1次的相对标准偏差分别为 2 .8%和 3.4% ,可直接测定水体中 μg· L-1级的镉和铜。     

铁(Ⅱ)-硫代巴比妥酸- NO2-显色体系树脂相光度法测定微量铁

建立了一种测定微量铁的硫代巴比妥酸- NO2-显色体系树脂相分光光度法.在碱性介质中,铁(Ⅱ)可与硫代巴比妥酸(TBA) - NO2-体系反应形成一种稳定的蓝色配阴离子,其最大吸收波长位于671 nm处.该配阴离子能被阴离子交换树脂完全吸附,且树脂相在671 nm处的吸光度与铁含量在0～15μg/(25 mL)的范围内...     

Cloud Point Extraction Preconcentration of Trace Cadmium as 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone Complex and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A new method for the determination of trace cadmium in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after cloud point extraction (CPE) is proposed. The method is based on the complexation of Cd with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) in the presence of non-ionic micelles of Triton X-100. The effect of experimental conditions such as pH, concentration of chelating agent and surfactant, equilibration temperature and time on cloud point extraction was studied. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits are 0.64 ng mL^±1 with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.1% (n = 10). The proposed method was applied to the determination of trace cadmium in water samples with satisfactory results.     

树脂相分光光度法测定水中微量铁

建立了一种测定微量铁的树脂相分光光度法.在碱性介质中,铁(Ⅱ)与巴比妥酸( BA )-NO2-体系反应形成一种稳定的兰色配阴离子,其最大吸收波长位于635 nm处,该配阴离子能被阴离子交换树脂完全吸附,且树脂相在635 nm处的吸光度与铁含量在0～25μg/(25 mL)的范围内呈良好的线性关系.方法应用于水样中微量铁...     

Determination of cadmium and lead in high purity uranium compounds by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with on-line micro-column preconcentration by CL-7301 resin

An on-line solid phase micro-column extraction and determination system for trace Cd and Pb in nuclear fuel grade uranium compounds was established. The preconcentration of trace elements Cd and Pb from uranium compounds was achieved by adsorbing Cd and Pb on CL-7301 resin in hydroiodic acid media, while the uranyl ion passed through. The method coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was applied to analysis trace Cd and Pb in real samples. The preconcentration factors obtained by this method were 320 and 180 each for Cd and Pb, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits corresponding to three times the standard deviation of the blank were found to be 0.13 ng·mL⁻¹ and 0.37 ng·mL⁻¹ for Cd and Pb, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) and the recoveries of standard addition (spiked with 1–5 ng of Cd and Pb) were of <5% (n = 10) and 96.2%–102.3%, respectively. Precision was also evaluated and found to be ≤4.3% (N = 11). The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of trace Cd and Pb in commercially available uranium compounds (e.g., uranyl acetate and triuranium octoxide).     

Azocalix[4]pyrrole Amberlite XAD-2: New polymeric chelating resins for the extraction, preconcentration and sequential separation of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) in natural water samples

Two novel azocalix[4]pyrrole Amberlite XAD-2 polymeric chelating resins were synthesized by covalently linking diazotized Amberlite XAD-2 with calix[4]pyrrole macrocycles. The chelating resins were used for extraction, preconcentration and sequential separation of metal ions such as Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) by column chromatography prior to their determination by UV/vis spectrophotometry or flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Various parameters such as effect of pH on absorption, concentration of eluting agents, flow rate, total sorption capacity, exchange kinetics, preconcentration factor, distribution coefficient, breakthrough capacity and resin stability, were optimized for effective separation and preconcentration. The resin showed good ability for the separation of metal ions from binary and ternary mixture on the basis of pH of absorption and concentration of eluting agents. The newly synthesized resins showed good potential for trace enrichment of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal ions, especially for Cu(II), as compared to the earlier reported resins. The synthesized resins were recycled at least 8-10 times without much affecting column sorption capacity. The presented method was successfully applied for determination of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) in natural and ground water samples.     

Synthesis and Efficiency of a Spherical Macroporous Epoxy-dicyandiamide Chelate Resin for Preconcentrating and Separating Trace Au, Hg, Pd and Ru from Samples

IntroductionThe preconcentration and separation of elements in samples by means of a chelateresin[l--5J or a chelate fibre[6'7J have been reported. However, the synthesis of the resin or thefibre usually takes a long time and a complex synthetic process. Accordingly, the epoxy--tan-ning chelate resin[8] and the epoxy-urea chelate .esin[9] have been synthesized and used for thepreconcentration of trace elements. However, these chelate resins could not be used for theenrichment of trace element…     

On-line Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Metals in Water Samples by Flow Injection Combined with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry via Calix[4]arene Carboxylic Acid Packed Micro-column

An adsorbent calix[4]arene carboxylic acid was employed as the adsorption material for on-line flow injection( FI) micro-column preconcentration coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS) determination of trace heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Co, Ni and Cd). Parameters such as the pH, loading time and flow rate of sample, and the concentration, volume and flow rate of eluent were optimized. The enrichment factors are 50.0, 56.5, 11.6, 12.1 and 19.1 for Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, and Cd, respectively, and a sample throughput of 20 h^-1 was obtained. The limits of detection for Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, and Cd were in a range of 1.56―3.91 μg/L, and the relative standard deviations(RSDs) were less than 2.76%(n=7). Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, and Cd in certified reference materials and various water samples.     

The synthesis of new polymeric sorbent and its application in preconcentration of cadmium and lead in water samples

Metal determinations at low concentration levels (≤ng mL⁻¹) comprise one of most important targets in analytical chemistry. This interest also increases in different areas such as biology, medicine, environment and food samples. In spite of inherent high sensitivities obtained for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), these techniques have some limitations depending on the concomitants. As a result, interest in preconcentration techniques still continues increasingly for trace metal determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) due to the high accuracy of this method.In this work, thioureasulfonamide resin was synthesized, characterized and applied as a new sorption material for determinations of cadmium and lead in water samples. The method is based on the sorption of Cd and Pb ions on the synthesized resin without using any complexing reagent. The optimization of experimental conditions was performed using factorial design including pH, amount of resin, contact time, first sample volume and final eluent volume. Using the experimental conditions defined in the optimization, the method was applied to the determination and preconcentration of Cd and Pb at ng mL⁻¹ level in natural water. Flame AAS was used for trace metal determinations. This method exhibits the superiority in compared to the other adsorption reagents because of the fact that there is no necessity of any complexing reagent and optimum pH of solution presents in acidic media. Consequently, 600- and 360-fold improvements in the sensitivity of FAAS were achieved by combining the slotted tube atom trap-atomic absorption spectrometry (STAT-FAAS) and the purposed enrichment method for Cd and Pb, respectively.