黄酮化合物的合成新方法

黄酮类化合物具有广泛而重要的生物活性和药理作用,其化学合成研究受到普遍重视.经典的合成方法主要是查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来有很多新技术、新方法在黄酮化合物合成中得到了巧妙的应用.对近年来出现的新的改进的Baker-Venkataraman法、催化羰基化闭环法以及其他合成黄酮化合物的新方法作了介绍.     

噌啉类化合物的合成研究进展

噌啉类化合物具有抗癌、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎和镇静作用等多种生物活性.此外,噌啉环还是优良的电子受体.因此,噌啉骨架已经成为新材料和新药研发中的优势骨架,其合成新方法的研究也受到了化学家们的持续关注.近年来,碳氢官能团化策略迅猛发展,大大推动了噌啉类化合物合成新方法的开发.按照不同的合成策略和反应底物进行分类,综述了近年来噌啉类化合物合成研究的最新进展.     

氨基酸和酸酐直接反应合成含羧基的酰亚胺类化合物

首次用氨基酸与一系列酸酐直接反应, 合成了20个含羧基的酰亚胺, 对其结构进行了表征. 为含羧基酰亚胺类化合物的合成提供了一种直接、简便的新方法.     

苯并咪唑类化合物催化合成的研究进展

苯并咪唑类化合物在医药、农药等方面具有广泛的应用,因此这类化合物合成的新方法备受关注.从合成苯并咪唑类化合物的不同的原料出发,综述了近年来催化合成苯并咪唑化合物的研究新进展.     

糖苷和寡糖的立体选择性合成研究进展

精苷、寡糖的立体选择性合成是一个十分重要的课题. 本文结合作者的研究工作介绍了糖苷、寡糖的立体选择合成的方法学进展,主要涉及近年来合成寡糖的新方法,并对这些方法的优势及不足进行了评述.     

利用天然手性源合成复杂手性化合物的方法

利用天然手性源来合成一些复杂的手性化合物,其合成策略往往具有很高的艺术性.本文主要对糖类和甘露糖以及一些氨基酸类天然产物作为合成子来合成手性分子的一些新方法作了报道.     

2-取代苯并噻唑类衍生物合成方法研究的新进展

2-取代苯并噻唑类衍生物在工业、农业、医药等领域有广泛的应用前景,因此这类衍生物合成的新方法备受关注.笔者以邻氨基苯硫酚、芳香邻氨基二硫化物、硫代酰胺、硫脲与邻卤苯胺等反应原料为基础,从引入硫原子的方法及反应机理的角度综述了近几年合成2-取代苯并噻唑类衍生物的新方法.     

用后功能化方法合成含吲哚二阶非线性光学发色团侧基的高分子

用后功能化方法合成了两类连有吲哚二阶非线性光学发色团侧基的高分子.通过核磁、红外、紫外-可见、示差扫描量热分析、分子量测定等手段对所得高分子进行了鉴定.此合成方法简便易行,易于产物的分离提纯,为二阶非线性光学材料的合成提供了一种新方法.     

不同催化剂上碳酸乙烯酯与对苯二甲酸二甲酯的酯交换反应

 将碳酸乙烯酯与甲醇酯交换合成碳酸二甲酯的反应和乙二醇与对苯二甲酸二甲酯酯交换合成聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的反应偶合,建立了同时合成碳酸二甲酯和PET的新方法. 探索了有机锡、钛酸酯、乙酸盐和金属氧化物等不同催化剂对合成碳酸二甲酯和PET的影响. 二丁基氧化锡的催化效果最佳,其碳酸二甲酯的收率达68.4%.     

丙基-β-环糊精的绿色合成与结构表征

采用绿色丙基化试剂成功探索了丙基-β-环糊精合成的新方法.该方法选用碳酸二丙酯为原料,以DMF为溶剂,在无水碳酸钾催化下,将其与β-环糊精反应选择性地合成了目标产物.采用薄层色谱、红外光谱、质谱和核磁共振技术对所合成的产品进行了表征.     

负载型烯烃聚合催化剂合成的新方法

介绍了负载型烯烃聚合催化剂合成的新方法,探讨了不同载体负载的Ziegler- Natta催化剂各组分之间的相互作用机理及活性中心的形成途径。对负载茂金属催 化剂的新型载体及新的负载方法进行了评述。     

Chemical conjugation of biomacromolecules: A mini-review

Biological studies showed that assembles of biomolecules can dramatically change their physiological effectiveness. Covalent coupling of different types of biomolecules leads to novel biomacromolecules of different properties. Generally, bioconjugate chemistry opens a new dimension in biomedical and biotechnology research. In this review, some important chemical methods of bioconjugates preparation used in the practice are described. Proteins and saccharides modification methods and employment of linkers used to achieve new functionalities are discussed. Common bioconjugation methods are emphasized and novel methods from recent years are described. Except in chemistry, benefits and limits of the studied methods are outlined.     

中草药化学成分提取新技术

介绍五种提取新技术棗微波萃取技术、超临界二氧化碳萃取技术、超声波提取技术、半仿生提取技术和酶法的原理和特点,以及这些新技术近年来在中草药化学成分提取工艺中的研究应用现状,并展望了它们的应用前景。     

Peptide display in functional genomics

The completion of the human genome project has opened novel scientific avenues in functional genomics, structural genomics and proteomics. These areas have a common goal: the identification of all the proteins acting and cross-talking in a single cell at a defined moment of its lifecycle. The expansion of these areas in bioscience has been facilitated by the rapid development of high throughput screening (HTS) methods which has, in turn, attracted the business community to make investments in this novel business segment of biotechnology. By using these HTS methods, the hope is that novel targets will be validated much more rapidly speeding up the development of novel drugs. Numerous techniques and tools have emerged over the past decade for the identification of small target-specific molecular ligands that exploit a common feature: the exploration of molecular diversity using combinatorial methods. While chemists developed new methods for rapidly and efficiently synthesising and screening large collections of small molecules, biologists used recombinant DNA techniques for selecting displayed repertoires. To this end, the discovery of new low molecular weight peptides is becoming increasingly important, not only as molecular tools for the understanding of protein-protein interactions but also for the generation of lead compounds.     

Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives

In order to find novel synthetic antitumor agents with superior cytotoxicity and overcoming multidrug resistance,a novel series of 4β-N-substituted podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential antitumor agents.Seven novel podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized by linking 4β-amino-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin with N-substituted 5-methylindol-3- yl-glyoxyl chlorides and tested against K562 and K562/A02 using SRB methods in vitro,KB and KBV using MTT methods in vitro.     

New methods for stereochemical determination of complex polyketides: configurational assignment of novel metabolites from myxobacteria

An overview on recently developed methods for the stereochemical determination of complex polyketides is given and NMR-spectroscopic, computational, biosynthetic and synthetic methods are discussed. These methods are presented in their applications to structurally novel polyketide classes from myxobacteria.     

A computational approach to design and evaluate enzymatic reaction pathways: application to 1-butanol production from pyruvate

We present a new computational strategy for the design and evaluation of novel enzymatic pathways for the biosynthesis of fuels and chemicals. The approach combines the use of the Biochemical Network Integrated Computational Explorer (BNICE) framework and a structure-based screening method for rapid generation and evaluation of novel enzymatic reactions and pathways. The strategy is applied to a case study of 1-butanol production from pyruvate, which yielded nine novel biosynthetic pathways. Using screening criteria based on pathway length, thermodynamic feasibility, and metabolic flux analysis, all nine novel pathways were deemed to be attractive candidates. To further assess their feasibility of implementation, we introduced a new screening criterion based on structural complementarity using molecular docking methods. We show that this approach correctly reproduces the native binding poses for a wide range of enzymes in key classes related to 1-butanol production and provides qualitative agreement with experimental measures of catalytic activity for different substrates. In addition, we show that the structure-based methods can be used to select specific proteins that may be promising candidates to catalyze novel reactions.     

A novel phenylpropanoid glycosides and a new derivation of phenolic glycoside from Paris Polyphylla var. yunnanensis

A novel phenylpropanoid glycosides 1, named parispolyside F, and a novel derivation of phenolic glycoside 2, named parispolyside G, as well as two known flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.     

General and reliable quantitative measurement of fluorescence resonance energy transfer using three fluorescence channels

In this paper, we describe a comprehensive general system adapted for quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement using signals from three channels of a fluorescence instrument. The general FRET measurement system involves two established methods, as well as two novel approaches. Unlike the previous measurements, which can be taken correctly only when the quantity of the acceptor is greater than or equal to that of the donor, one of our novel methods can overcome this obstacle and take quantitative FRET measurements when the donor is in excess of the acceptor. Hence the general FRET measurement system allowed one to determine the exact distance when the donor and acceptor were present in different quantities, and integrated the methods for quantitative FRET measurements. The uniformity of measured values and utility of each method were validated using molecular standards based on DNA oligonucleotide rulers. We also discussed and validated the use of a novel method for estimating the relative quantities of the donor and acceptor fluorophores when they were not known before an appropriate method of this system can be selected.     

磷酸化蛋白质分析技术在蛋白质组研究中的应用

磷酸化修饰蛋白质的分析是蛋白质组研究中的重要内容。对于目前磷酸化蛋白质分析所涉及的各种方法,包括放射性同位素标记,抗体免疫印记等传统方法和以串联质谱各种扫描技术为基础,结合亲和提取、液相色谱-质谱联用等手段的新技术、新方法,以及这些技术在磷酸化蛋白质组学中的应用予以评述。