等离子体填充圆柱波导中双流不稳定性的研究

 在无限大磁场情况下对等离子体填充圆柱波导中双电子注的相互作用进行了理论分析，得出行列式形式的色散方程。针对不同参数对色散方程进行数值计算，发现当两根电子注之间存在速度差时，通过快慢空间电荷波的相互作用，两电子注引起的双流不稳定性可以产生契伦柯夫辐射；当等离子体频率超过双注相互作用的频率范围后，可以大大加强和改善等离子体、两电子注三者之间的相互作用。     

充空气的同轴慢波结构高功率微波器件粒子模拟

 粒子模拟了电子碰撞空气产生的等离子体对同轴慢波结构高功率微波器件的影响，并且在充空气条件下对器件结构参数进行了进一步优化。模拟表明，气压越高，产生的二极管电流越大，二极管电压越低，频率越低。等离子体离子对电子束的空间电荷中和及等离子体电子对微波的能量吸收共同影响输出微波功率的大小。在一定的气压范围内，提高气压能够提高输出功率，此时等离子体离子对电子束的空间电荷中和起主导作用。气压高于一定值时，所产生的等离子体电子强烈吸收微波，输出功率迅速下降，甚至引起脉冲缩短。此外，由于等离子体的存在，器件最佳相互作用区长度以及最优端面反射系数均有可能发生改变。最后还对慢波结构周期数以及漂移段长度等进行了研究，优化的器件内、外导体周期数为11和8.5，慢波结构前端以及内外慢波结构末端分别接4, 17和2 mm的漂移段，在气压4 Pa下获得了1.64 GW的输出功率，效率39%。     

薄环形等离子体介质切伦柯夫脉塞

 理论分析了无限大引导磁场情况下的薄环形等离子体介质切伦柯夫脉塞。得出了通入相对论电子注时行列式形式的热腔色散方程,并求出了波增长率。针对不同等离子体密度下,对色散方程以及波增长率进行数值计算和模拟验证。研究发现与电子注作用的主要模式为低频等离子体模式中的前两个模式,随着等离子体密度的升高,脉塞中心工作频率升高、增益变大、带宽明显变宽,由模拟结果可以看出:等离子体频率为4.5×10¹⁹ m^-3时对应着最大的输出功率为80 MW,效率为19.75%,频率为15.55 GHz,继续增大等离子体密度虽然可以使输出频率进一步提高,但是同时会使输出功率迅速下降。     

Dust acoustic wave in a dusty plasmas with streaming ions and nonadiabatic dust charge variation

The effects of nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation on the nonlinear propagation of the dust acoustic (DA) solitary wave in collisionless dusty plasma with streaming ions have been investigated. By using the reductive perturbation technique, a modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation governing the nonlinear waves was derived and the solitary solution of the mKdV equation was also obtained. It was shown that the damping rate of the slow mode DA solitary wave was strongly affected by the ion streaming velocity.     

Shock waves in a rotating non-Maxwellian viscous dusty plasma

A theoretical model is presented to study the characteristics of dust acoustic shock in a viscous, magnetized, rotating dusty plasma at both fast and slow time scales. By employing the reductive perturbation technique, the non-linear Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burger (ZKB) equation is derived for both cases when the dust is inactive and dynamic (fast and slow time scales). Both electrons and ions are considered to follow the kappa/Cairns distribution. It is observed that in both cases, i.e. when dust is in the background and active, viscosity plays a key role in dissipation for the propagation of acoustic shock. Magnetic field and rotation are responsible for the dispersive term. Superthermality is found to affect significantly the formation of the shock wave along with viscous nature of plasma, whereas the dust charge affects the non-linear coefficient of the ZKB equation. The present investigation may be beneficial to the understanding of the rotating plasma, in particular the experiments being carried out.     

夹断开关对“荧光-1”实验装置电流特性的影响

主要探讨了夹断开关对“荧光-1”实验装置输出电流特性的影响,利用Pspice软件对其在装置中起到的作用进行功能建模并分析其参数影响,同时开展初步调试实验并分析多组夹断开关导通性能及其同步性对负载电流的影响。仿真与实验结果表明:夹断开关可有效改善负载电流脉宽,可使脉宽从原有3 μs展宽至100 μs,其导通电阻与电感参数均能明显影响电流幅值与脉宽。由实验波形结合仿真可知,夹断开关实际导通电阻约4 mΩ, 两支路耦合电感分别约为60,125 nH,调试结果验证了夹断开关功能建模的正确性及其对脉宽展宽的有效性。     

Effect of drifting carriers on longitudinal electro-kinetic waves in ion-implanted semiconductor plasmas

We present an analytical study of wave spectra of electro-kinetic waves propagating through semiconductor plasma, whose main constituents are drifting electrons, holes and non-drifting negatively charged colloids. By employing the hydrodynamical model of multi-component plasma, a compact dispersion relation for the same is derived. This dispersion relation is used to study slow electro-kinetic wave phenomena and resultant instability numerically. We find some important modifications in the wave spectra of the slow electro-kinetic branch. It is found that the drift velocities of electrons and holes are responsible for converting two aperiodic modes into periodic ones. The applied dc electric field increases the phase velocities of contra-propagating modes. The amplification coefficients of propagating modes can be optimized by tuning the amplitude of applied electric field and wave number. It is hoped that the results of this investigation should be useful in understanding the wave spectra of slow electro-kinetic waves in ion-implanted semiconductor plasma subjected to a dc electric field along the direction of wave propagation.     

Observation of explosive instability in an electron beam-plasma system

We have observed experimentally the explosive instability of the slow space charge wave of the electron beam and the electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic wave due to nonlinear wave-particle interaction. These waves interact nonlinearly with the electron beam and grow simultaneously.     

Quantum transport of slow charge carriers in quasicrystals and correlated systems

We show that the semiclassical model of conduction breaks down if the mean free path of charge carriers is smaller than a typical extension of their wave function. This situation is realized for sufficiently slow charge carriers and leads to a transition from a metalliclike to an insulatinglike regime when scattering by defects increases. This explains the unconventional conduction properties of quasicrystals and related alloys. The conduction properties of some heavy fermions or polaronic systems, where charge carriers are also slow, present a deep analogy.     

Propagation of Ion-Acoustic Wave in an Inhomogeneous Dusty Plasma with. Dust Charge Fluctuation

The propagation of dust ion-acoustic wave in an inhomogeneous dusty plasma is studied by taking the dust charge fluctuation and collisions into account. It is shown that the dust charge fluctuation brings a phase shift to the wave. Furthermore, because of the presence of dust charge fluctuation, a new damping term rises, which makes the damping more sharply.     

真空环境中等离子体喷流对反射电磁波衰减的实验研究

在真空环境中，利用传输线测量装置，开展微波等离子体喷流对反射电磁波衰减的实验研究.实验结果表明，采用传输线测量方法能够有效地获得等离子体对反射电磁波的衰减；在5GHz附近，以氩气为工质，流量为52.5mg/s时，52W微波功率在真空环境中产生的等离子体喷流能对反射电磁波产生最大的衰减；增加微波功率、降低真空环境压强可以提高等离子体对反射电磁波的衰减；要使等离子体能够对反射电磁波产生最大的衰减，必须选取合适的发生器参数. 关键词： 电磁波在等离子体中的传输 等离子体基本过程 电磁波     

电子束电流对介质切伦科夫脉塞色散关系的影响

采用等离子体流体理论,从线性扰动方程出发,研究了电子束电流大小对介质切伦科夫脉塞中束波相互作用色散关系的影响,得到了当等离子体返回电流能有效中和与不能有效中和电子束电流两种情形下色散关系和波的增长率,并讨论了电子束电流对束波相互作用色散关系和波增长率的影响。研究表明,等离子体返回电流能有效中和与不能有效中和电子束电流两种情况下有着不同的色散关系和波的增长率。在波导参数和背景等离子体参数固定的情况下,电子束电流并不是越大越好,电子束电流过大不利于提高器件效率,它们之间存在最佳匹配关系。     

Nonlinear propagation of fast and slow magnetosonic waves in collisional plasmas

Low-frequency fast and slow magnetosonic waves propagating in electron ion plasmas with damping effects through ions and neutral atoms collisions are investigated. Linear wave analysis is performed to obtain dispersion relation. The reductive perturbation method is applied and it is shown that fast and slow modes of nonlinear magnetosonic wave are governed by damped Korteweg-de Vries (DKdV) equation in the presence of ion neutral collisions in plasmas. The analytical solution of DKdV soliton is presented under the assumption of weak collisional effects and numerical solutions of DKdV equation are also obtained using two-level finite difference scheme with the help of Runge–Kutta method at different plasma parameters. The damping of nonlinear fast and slow magnetosonic wave structures at different times are discussed in the context of space plasma situations where ions and neutral atoms collisions exist.     

Theoretical analysis of a relativistic travelling wave tube filled with plasma

A cold and uniform plasma-filled travelling wave tube with sinusoidally corrugated slow wave structure is driven by a finite thick annular intense relativistic electron beam with the entire system immersed in a strong longitudinal magnetic field. By means of the linear field theory, the dispersion relation for the relativistic travelling wave tube (RTWT) is derived. By numerical computation, the dispersion characteristics of the RTWT are analysed in different cases of various geometric parameters of the slow wave structure and plasma densities. Also the gain versus frequency for three different plasma densities and the peak gain of the tube versus plasma density are analysed. Some useful results are obtained on the basis of the discussion.     

Generation of a Plasma Waveguide with Slow-Wave Structure

Using the particle-in-cell simulations,we report an efficient scheme to generate a slow wave structure in the electron density of a plasma waveguide,based on the array laser-plasma interaction.The spatial distribution of the electron density of the plasma waveguide is modulated via effective control of the super-Gaussian index and array pattern code of the lasers.A complete overview of the holding time,and the bearable laser's intensity of the electron density structure of the plasma waveguide,is obtained.In addition,the holding time of the slow wave structure of the plasma waveguide is also controlled by adjusting the frequency of the array laser beam.Finally,effects due to ion motion are discussed in detail.     

Experimental observation of traveling waves in the transverse section of a laser

The selection of a transverse traveling wave by an inhomogeneous pump profile has been experimentally observed in a class B laser structure. The laser structure consisted of a wide-aperture edge-emitting laser diode operating in pulsed mode to avoid thermal guiding effects. The injection current's profile was modified from the usual top-hat configuration to a Lorentzian-like profile by the inclusion of a 10-mum p-type expitaxial spreading layer. Spatial dependance of the far field on the near field was observed. The same behavior is also demonstrated numerically by use of Maxwell-Bloch equations for semiconductor lasers.     

Analysis of the axial electric field in a plasma-loaded-helix travelling wave tube

A helix type slow wave structure filled with plasma is immersed in a strong longitudinal magnetic field. Taking into account the effect of the plasma and the dielectric, the system is separated radially into three regions. By means of the sheath model and Maxwell equation, the distribution of the electromagnetic field is established. Using the boundary conditions of each region, the dispersion relation of the slow wave structure is derived. The trend of change for the radial profile of the axial electric field is analysed respectively in different plasma densities, plasma column radius and dielectric constant by numerical computation. Some useful results are obtained on the basis of the discussion.     

Peculiarities of electron-beam interaction with waves in partially plasma-filled corrugated waveguide

It is shown when the cross-section of a waveguide is partially filled by magnetized plasma, slow and fast E-waves can exist simultaneously at the same frequency, which is lower than the plasma frequency. In the case of spatially periodic corrugation of the waveguide wall, the waves can be coupled, forming new waves with hybrid properties in a certain frequency range. The interaction of an electron beam with the hybrid waves differs from the interaction with a slow plasma wave in a waveguide with smooth walls or with the wave in an evacuated corrugated waveguide. For example, when two waves traveling in the same direction are coupled, the increments of the hybrid waves have values on the order of but somewhat smaller than those of the increment of a slow plasma wave in a smooth waveguide.Moscow Radio-Engineering Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 825–836, July, 1991.     

EASTװ�õ��Ӳ���������Ч�ʷ���

在EAST上通过分析剩余环电压与低杂波功率之间的关系,计算得到了低杂波电流驱动效率。采用归一化功率,即功率对等离子体电流、电子密度、等离子体大半径以及有效电荷数归一化,将所有数据绘制在同一曲线中,这样可以得到不同等离子体参数下的低杂波电流驱动效率。实验得到低杂波电流驱动效率η0=(0.5~1.3)×1019 A.m-2.W-1,在等离子体电流Ip=277kA、低杂波功率PLH=681kW条件下,实验得到长达3s的低杂波全波驱动。     

磁化等离子体填充螺旋线的色散方程

利用等离子体流体理论和纵向场分量法，结合螺旋线的导电面模型，对在有限磁场作用下，填充等离子体的螺旋线进行了严格的场分析. 在给出各区域电磁场分量表达式的基础上，利用螺旋线的边界条件，导出了磁化等离子体填充螺旋线中电磁波传播所满足的色散方程，并对所导出的色散方程进行了讨论. 关键词： 有限磁场 等离子体 螺旋线 色散方程