乙醇-水团簇分子形成激基缔合物及荧光发射机理研究

紫外光照射具有特殊结构的长链式乙醇-水团簇分子时,处于激发态和基态的分子形成了分子间激基缔合物,并发射荧光.根据实验结果分析和能量转移理论可知,激发态单分子和激基缔合物间形成了电子迁移洛合物并发生了能量转移.根据Mulliken理论对电子迁移洛合物进行量子力学处理,得出了团簇分子在基态和激发态能量E^b_N和E^b_E以及由于电子迁移而引起的静电相互作用能E^s;根 关键词： 荧光光谱 激基缔合物 电子迁移 乙醇-水团簇     

乙醇水溶液荧光发射的时域和频域特性研究

针对乙醇水溶液荧光发射的四个特征参量进行了研究,得出了该溶液发射荧光光子的时域和频域特征参量。发射光谱和激发光谱表明乙醇水溶液中含有三个结构不同的发光物质,其发射峰分别位于290 nm,305 nm和330 nm处,与其相对应的最佳吸收峰为265 nm,280 nm和236 nm。荧光强度随溶液中乙醇与水体积混合比的变化规律也证实了三种不同发光结构的存在。在荧光光谱峰值波长处分别监测其荧光强度随时间的衰变过程,将获得的荧光衰减动力学曲线采用指数方法拟合并进行解卷积处理,测试的荧光寿命分别对应8 ns,12 ns,25 ns。结合乙醇水溶液荧光发射的四个特征参量可以看出:乙醇分子和水分子发生团簇作用形成了三个新的分子结构从而可发射具有不同能量的荧光光子。该研究结果能为乙醇水分子的团簇结构研究提供参考。     

用稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱研究乙醇－水分子团簇的可能类型

研究了紫外光照射乙醇－水混合溶液的稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱.通过检测其荧光光谱和激发光谱,得到了稳态发射光谱的三个荧光峰,峰值分别位于290 nm、305 nm、330 nm,相应的最佳激励光分别为265 nm, 280 nm 和236 nm.在荧光光谱峰值波长处分别监测其荧光强度随时间的衰变过程,将获得的荧光衰减动力学曲线采用指数拟合并进行解卷积处理获得不同荧光光子的寿命值.乙醇－水溶液稳态光谱的特点和三个不同的荧光寿命都表明了溶液中含有三个不同的生色团,分析认为乙醇和水分子间通过氢键作用形成了不同结构的团簇分子.     

乙醇-水溶液中团簇分子的基元荧光光谱研究

采用高斯分解法对236 nm的紫外光激发乙醇体积浓度为10%～95%的乙醇-水二元混合物产生的荧光光谱进行分解,得到了荧光谱线里面所包含的基元峰,发现每种浓度溶液的谱线都是由8个基元高斯峰组成的,并获得了每个基元谱线的相对强度、峰值位置数据。对这些高斯峰及相应参数进行分析,并结合乙醇-水混合物的荧光发射机理得到了各种发光团簇的相对大小以及构象信息,进一步计算了它们各自的荧光主发射跃迁能。另外,还对高斯峰半高宽与溶液中分子间缔合形态之间的联系做了初步探讨。研究结果可为进一步研究乙醇-水二元混合物的微观结构和特性提供理论和实验依据。     

苋菜红与胭脂红荧光光谱的比较分析

测量了胭脂红以及其同份异构体苋菜红的荧光光谱.胭脂红标准溶液在220～400 nm不同波长激发光下,分别在420 nm,530 nm,635 nm,687 nm波长处产生了四个荧光峰,苋菜红在220～430 nm不同波长激发光下,在654 nm处产生了一个明显荧光峰.胭脂红产生四个荧光峰是由于其具有四种可以发射荧光的荧光团,为了研究这四种荧光在不同激发光激励下产生荧光的敏感程度,以及找到胭脂红和苋菜红这两种色素产生荧光的基团之间的联系.利用荧光强度的加和性原则,分别对这两种物质的荧光强度进行了理论计算.认为苋菜红的荧光峰对应丁胭脂红的第三个荧光峰,根据此特点,初步分析了四种荧光团对这两种色素在荧光发射过程中的影响程度,同时还从结构上分析了两种色素荧光光谱差异的根本原因.     

染料掺杂液晶可调谐光纤荧光光源的研究

本文提出了染料掺杂液晶填充空心光纤构造荧光可调谐光源.基于染料分子能级结构理论分析B4400荧光光谱依赖温度的变化特性,采用脉宽8 ns,波长为532 nm YAG倍频脉冲激光器抽运,向列相液晶作基体,实验分析染料B4400掺杂液晶填充空心光纤荧光光谱选择性荧光放大规律及温度调谐特性.结果表明:通过控制染料浓度可控制荧光输出功率水平;当温度升高时,中心波长发生红移,中心波长调谐范围为590—605 nm;荧光谱宽呈单调展宽,调制范围为228—236 nm;染料掺杂液晶填充空心光纤荧光光源可实现一定范围内的温度调谐.     

Economic and Deterministic Quantum Teleportation of Arbitrary Bipartite Pure and Mixed State with Shared Cluster Entanglement

We present a novel protocol for teleportation of arbitrary bipartite pure and mixed state with shared cluster entanglement in this paper. By employing Bell-state measurement on the teleported state and the shared cluster state twice, a sender could transmit the arbitrary bipartite state to a distant receiver. We show the good feature of the cluster state channel, with which it can realize the deterministic teleportation rather than probabilistic one. Moreover, since we require less particles to be shared and need no auxiliary qubit in our protocol, it is more efficient and applicable than the previous schemes.     

Preparation of the four-qubit cluster states in cavity QED and the trapped-ion system

This paper proposes a simple scheme to generate a four-atom entangled cluster state in cavity quantum electrodynamics. With the assistantce of a strong classical field the cavity is only virtually excited and no quantum information will be transferred from the atoms to the cavity during the preparation for a four-atom entangled cluster state, and thus the scheme is insensitive to the cavity field states and cavity decay. Assuming that deviation of laser intensity is 0.01 and that of simultaneity for the interaction is 0.01, it shows that the fidelity of the resulting four-atom entangled cluster state is about 0.9886. The scheme can also be used to generate a four-ion entangled cluster state in a hot trapped-ion system. Assuming that deviation of laser intensity is 0.01, it shows that the fidelity of the resulting four-ion entangled cluster state is about 0.9990. Experimental feasibility for achieving this scheme is also discussed.     

Controlled Teleportation Using Four-Particle Cluster State

A controlled teleportation scheme is presented. In this scheme, quantum information of a single-qubit state or an entangled two-qubits state is transmitted from a sender (Alice) to a receiver (Charlie) via a four-particle cluster state under the control of the supervisor (Bob). The feature of this scheme is that the teleportation between the sender and the receiver depends on the control of the supervisor.     

A source of UV radiation based on pulsed discharge in a Xe-NaCl mixture

The design and operation parameters of an excimer lamp on a Xe-NaCl mixture are described. The emission spectrum of the lamp and its temporal characteristics are described. The XeCl excimer band at 308 nm dominates in the spectrum. The spectral distribution of energy within the band and its dependence on the experimental conditions are studied. The mechanism of excitation of the upper state of the excimer molecule is discussed.     

Fluorescence spectrum characteristic of ethanol--water excimer and mechanism of resonance energy transfer

The steady-state fluorescence spectrum characteristic of ethanol--water excimer has been studied in this paper. By analysing the features of the sharp emission spectrum with fine structures in a shortwave band and the characteristics of the broad and featureless fluorescence peaks in the longwave band, one can conclude that the excimers are formed between the new ethanol--water cluster molecules in the excited state and the ground state through the interaction among different chromophores. The excitation spectra in the two fluorescence bands have been studied, and their emission mechanisms have been ascertained based on the energy transfer theory. Furthermore, the critical distance of the resonance energy transfer has been calculated.     

基于LIF的海面溢油状态识别研究

随着海洋运输业和海洋石油开采业的快速发展,溢油污染日益严重,给海洋环境和海洋生态平衡带来极大威胁。因此海洋溢油污染的治理、改善,成为海洋环境保护工程中刻不容缓的重要工作。而对不同状态溢油的识别则是解决溢油污染问题的基础与关键。海面上的溢油,主要包括未乳化与乳化两个不同阶段。前者以不同厚度的油膜形式存在,后者以不同油水比的溢油乳化物形式存在。不同状态的海面溢油具有不同的元素组成：油膜为纯油分子,乳化溢油为油水混合结构,构建出差异化的荧光基团。在激光作用下具备各自特征的荧光光谱信息,不同状态显示出较为明显的荧光光谱差异。光谱曲线的形状特征是荧光物质物理化学性质的一种外在体现,所以从光谱的特征形状来分析、比较一定的光谱参量可以达到物质分类和物种识别的目的和效果。为了实现海面溢油不同状态的快速分类识别,通过搭建的LIF探测系统,采集了常用成品油不同状态的荧光光谱,光谱曲线对比发现：乳化阶段的光谱会表现出荧光峰个数增多、荧光强度改变、荧光峰位偏移等一系列特征。在此基础上,根据表观统计学原理,提取光谱的均值、标准差、峰度系数、谱线宽度、曲线斜率等特征参量,并将这些特征值进行聚类分析。结果显示: 基于激光诱导荧光光谱的海面溢油聚类分析结果与实际溢油状态是基本一致的。即在已知油种的前提下,该分类方法可较好识别出海面不同的溢油状态。因此该方法可以为海面溢油识别提供一种新思路,也为LIF技术探测质量的提高,应用水平的提升奠定一定的基础。     

Steady state and time-resolved studies of pyrene in solution and in single microcrystals

Single microcrystals of pyrene have been studied by steady state and time resolved fluorescence microscopy. The fluorescence spectra of microcrystals exhibit vibrational structure unlike the broad spectrum observed in pyrene excimer. A risetime is observed in the decay curves of the concentrated solutions, indicating the excimer formation. In contrast, the fluorescence decay profiles of the single microcrystals are nonexponential in nature and the decay times vary with their size and the wavelength of emission. This behaviour has been explained mainly by considering the pyrene dimer stabilized in the ground state.     

运用核物理教学实验测量和分析照明光源的辐射

用盖革—谬勒计数器对日光灯、白炽灯、LED等光源进行测量,发现日光灯发射高能光子,它能穿透包封感光胶片的黑纸。用能谱分析仪测量日光灯发射光子能谱显示,日光灯发射峰值能量为83 keV。因辐射对视网膜神经组织伤害较大,长期使用日光灯时要利用射线在空气中衰减很快的特性,应保持眼睛距日光灯50 cm以外。     

准分子激光轰击Y-Ba-Cu-O高温超导靶的空间分辨光谱研究

采用WP4-光学多道分析仪对准分子激光轰击Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_x超导靶产生的等离子体辐射进行了空间分辨测量和研究。实验结果表明,在靶面的邻近区(d<0.4mm),等离子体辐射为较强的连续谱,并迭加有Y、Ba原子和Y~+、Ba~+离子基态电子跃迁的自吸收线。Y、Ba、Cu原子和相应的一价离子以及金属氧化物分子激发态的发射谱线仅在距靶面为0.4mm以外的区域出现。光谱的测量结果支持靶面表层发生爆炸、出射分子簇团和固体微粒的激光烧蚀沉积动力学机制解释。     

Douglas Henderson: a life in statistical mechanics

In a previous study (Wang, L. S., Nicholas, J. B., Dupuis, M., Wu, H., and Colson, S. D., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 4450) of small silicon oxide clusters with stochiometry Si3Oy(y = 1-6), it was found that the molecule Si3O2 and its anion required special theoretical attention. This is due to a particular electronic structure feature of the neutral cluster: the s,p hybrid atomic orbitals of the two bonded silicon atoms give rise to a low lying empty π molecular orbital. As a result the ground state of Si3O2 has a triplet spin, and a state of singlet spin is a low lying excited electronic state at about 0.5 eV above the triplet state. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations show that photoelectron detachment proceeds from the 2B1 state of the anion to the 3B1 ground state of the neutral cluster. Detachment via the 1A1 state of the neutral cluster lies in the shoulder of the detachment via the triplet state.     

Investigation of Abnormal Long‐Wavelength Fluorescence Emissions Occurring in Binary Organic Nanoparticle Films

In some fluorophores with planar groups, a long‐wavelength emission band different from their native one can sometimes be observed. The main cause of this long‐wavelength band is excimer formation. It is generally accepted that once condensed in the solid state, whether fluorophores can exhibit excimer emission or not depends only on their molecular structure and packing. However, here it is shown that there are exceptions when fluorophores are present in nanoparticles (NPs), where excimer emission can be affected by the environment surrounding the NPs, even in the solid state. It is found that in some binary NP films consisting of fluorophore NPs and other NPs, unusual long‐wavelength bands ascribed to excimer emission can be activated, even though these bands are absent from the photoluminescence spectra of the pure fluorophore NP films. This finding is beneficial to better understand and control excimer emissions. In addition, such a binary NP system provides an ideal platform to investigate the interplay between two fluorophores, because it keeps them effectively separated while maintaining suitable spatial distances for exciton migration and dipole–dipole interactions. This work also provides evidence for the long‐debated origin of the green emission band (g‐band) of fluorene‐based fluorophores.     

用偏振荧光光谱表征乙醇-水团簇分子的取向行为

采用波长为236nm紫外光激励乙醇水溶液获得荧光光谱并对其偏振特性进行了研究.实验中分别改变入射光的偏振度，在300—400nm波段内进行荧光光谱、水平和垂直偏振荧光光谱检测.实验结果表明，当采用线偏振光照射乙醇水溶液时，其发射的荧光具有一定的偏振性，并计算了其偏振度.经理论分析得到了描述荧光偏振态的四个斯托克斯矢量，进而对该荧光的偏振状态进行了描述，通过对乙醇-水溶液的米勒矩阵的计算，对溶液中分子的取向特性进行了分析.本结果能对乙醇-水团簇分子的结构提供理论参考. 关键词： 荧光光谱 偏振光谱 斯托克斯矢量 米勒矩阵     

单分子-光子制冷泵的热力学行为(Ⅰ)

建立了一般意义上的单分子－光子泵模型,并用计算机模拟了在不同能量的光子激发下单个分子作为制冷泵时的量子跃迁过程,研究了单分子－光子泵处于基态和激发态时的热激发过程以及在发生荧光辐射时的声子参与情况,得出了基态具有较强的制冷能力的结论。基态和激发态在光吸收和发射过程中热力学效应是不同的,因此在选择反斯托克斯芝光制冷材料时,发光中心的基态能级劈裂更具重要性。     

Teleportation of arbitrary unknown two-atom statewith cluster state via thermal cavity

This paper proposes a scheme for implementing the teleportation of an arbitrary unknown two-atom state by using a cluster state of four identical 2-level atoms as quantum channel in a thermal cavity. The two distinct advantages of the present scheme are： （i） The discrimination of 16 orthonormal cluster states in the standard teleportation protocol is transformed into the discrimination of single-atom states. Consequently, the discrimination difficulty of states is degraded. （ii） The scheme is insensitive to the cavity field state and the cavity decay for the thermal cavity is only virtually excited when atoms interact with it. Thus, the scheme is more feasible.