手性1,2-二氢吡啶化合物的合成研究进展

手性1,2-二氢吡啶化合物是重要的手性砌块, 可通过还原或环加成反应来方便构建药物分子中十分重要的手性含氮杂环化合物如哌啶等, 因此其高效合成对于新药研发具有重要的研究意义. 利用手性源和手性辅基诱导的策略需要使用化学计量的手性试剂, 发展不对称催化的方法来合成结构多样性的手性1,2-二氢吡啶化合物无疑十分重要. 自2004年报道首例对活化吡啶的不对称C2位亲核加成反应以来, 该策略被成功用于发展合成C2位芳基、烷基、炔基等取代的手性1,2-二氢吡啶化合物的不对称催化新方法. 最近, 一种新的基于亚胺不对称转化的串联反应策略也被设计开发用于多样性合成这类手性含氮杂环化合物. 本综述概述了相关研究进展, 并介绍了相关研究难点和未来的发展空间.     

1-{[2-(1,3-二苯基-1H-萘[1,2-e][1,3]-2-噁嗪基)环己氨基]-苯基-甲基}-2-萘酚的合成与晶体学表征

具有光学活性的1,2-二氨基环己烷及其衍生物作为手性辅剂或手性配体被广泛地用在催化不对称合成中[1-3].最近,我们在无溶剂的条件下,利用(1R,2R)-1,2-二氨基环己烷与2-萘酚、苯甲醛反应一锅法合成手性配体1的过程中,没有得到目标化合物1,得到了一种新的1,2-二氨基环己烷衍生物2.经元素分析,IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS以及X射线单晶衍射,确定了2的结构,结果表明2中含有五个手性中心.本文报道2的合成与晶体学表征(Scheme 1).     

新型手性Salen配体及其与Ti,Ga配合物的合成

基于手性1,2-环己二胺Salen配体在不对称合成中具有极重要的地位,其与金属离子形成的手性配合物催化许多不对称反应,取得了好的结果.因此此类催化剂的合成及其应用研究一直是不对称合成中的一个热点.     

手性1,2-二苯基乙二醇衍生物的合成及催化性能研究

合成了3种含吡啶环的手性1,2-二苯基乙二醇衍生物,并通过1HNMR、13CNMR、LCMS和IR的结构表征。将3种衍生物用于催化苯甲醛与二乙基锌的不对称加成反应的结果表明,其中的(1R,2R)-2-(2-吡啶甲氧基)-1,2-二苯基乙醇具有较好的催化活性,获得了78%的收率和56%e.e.。     

多手性中心联萘-2-芳甲羟基-2'-醇(Ar-BINMOLs):一类可应用于不对称催化反应的新型手性配体

近年来,我们基于1,1'-联萘基-2,2'-二酚(BINOL)为手性源成功地发展了一类多手性中心化合物联萘-2-芳甲羟基-2'-醇(Ar-BINMOLs),它是BINOL的单苄醚化合物经过不对称[1,2]-Wittig重排合成得到的,涉及C—O键的断裂与新C—C的构建反应,由轴手性诱导产生新的碳手性中心,结构独特新颖,同时具有C2轴手性和sp3碳手性的光学纯醇酚类化合物.目前,Ar-BINMOLs作为新型手性配体应用于不对称催化反应已有不少的报道.基于BINOL衍生物以及近几年Ar-BINMOLs及其衍生物的研究进展,重点阐述了其作为新型手性配体或手性骨架在不对称催化反应中的应用研究进展.     

α-醛亚胺基酯的不对称乙基锌加成反应

首次以手性1,2-二苯基-2-氨基乙醇衍生物为配体实现了乙基锌对α-醛亚胺基酯的不对称加成,合成了手性非天然α-氨基酸酯,最高收率66%,最高对映选择性28%.     

α-酮亚胺基酯的不对称乙基锌加成反应

首次以手性1,2-二苯基-2-氨基乙醇衍生物为配体实现了乙基锌对α-酮亚胺基酯的不对称加成反应,合成了手性非天然α-氨基酸酯(1,4-加成产物),最高收率67%,最高对映选择性44%.     

(S)-1-苯基-1,2-乙二醇的合成

手性醇作为重要中间体可广泛用于药物﹑农药及食品添加剂等的合成,国内外已有许多相关的合成报道[1,2].二元手性醇具有光、热和化学稳定性,是材料科学及药物开发的重要原料,如(S)-1-苯基-1,2-乙二醇,它不仅是液晶中不可缺少的重要原料和手性添加剂,而且已成为制备具有光学活性的医药、农药和功能材料的重要中间体[3,4].     

生物催化不对称合成β-羟基酸衍生物

手性β-羟基酸及其衍生物是应用化工和有机合成的关键中间体.生物催化的不对称合成方法以其绿色环保、简洁高效及高立体选择性已成为一个新兴的研究热点.本文较系统地总结了生物催化不对称合成β-羟基酸及其衍生物的研究工作,重点介绍了脂肪酶、腈代谢酶及还原酶在合成手性β-羟基酸衍生物中的应用.最后,展望了生物催化不对称合成β-羟基酸的发展方向.     

1,2-亚乙基氧化硅螺旋纳米管在制备过程中的手性反转

以D-缬氨酸为手性源合成了手性阴离子两亲性小分子化合物D-C12ValC10COONa. 用圆二色谱表征了该化合物在溶液和胶体中的自组装行为. 通过溶胶\|凝胶复制法, 以该手性化合物和结构助剂3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙胺的组装体为模板, 制备了左手螺旋1,2-亚乙基氧化硅纳米管. 扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜研究显示, 调节溶液浓度和pH值可以控制1,2-亚乙基氧化硅纳米管的手性, 而温度和溶剂配比的改变对纳米管手性并无影响.     

Concise asymmetric synthesis of (+)-CP-99,994 and (+)-L-733,060 via efficient construction of homochiral syn-1,2-diamines and syn-1,2-amino alcohols

An efficient asymmetric synthesis of human NK-1 SP receptor antagonists (+)-CP-99,994 and (+)-L-733,060 was achieved starting from a common chiral intermediate (5). Our route featured the SmI2-induced reductive coupling of N-tert-butanesulfinyl imine (7) with aldehyde (6) as the key step as well as pivotal transformations of the anti-1,2-amino alcohol thus obtained to homochiral syn-1,2-amino alcohol and syn-1,2-diamine for the asymmetric synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted piperidines.     

A fascination with 1,2-diacetals

1,2-Diacetals are readily prepared, rigid structural motifs that provide a wide range of opportunities for applications in natural product assembly. These uses encompass selective 1,2-diol or alpha-hydroxy acid protection, enantiotopic recognition and desymmetrization methods, chiral memory applications, and reactivity control in oligosaccharide synthesis, as well as functioning as templating components, chiral auxiliaries, and building blocks. 1,2-Diacetals are often more stable and lead to products with enhanced crystallinity compared to their five-ring acetonide counterparts. Many 1,2-diacetals have favorable NMR parameters, which facilitate structural assignment, particularly during asymmetric reaction processes.     

Synthesis of (S,S)-1,2-Bis(3,5-DI-Tert-Butylphenyl)Ethane-1,2-Diol

The synthesis of (S,S)-1,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol (98.6% ee), which should be useful as a chiral ligand of catalysts in asymmetric inductions, is described.     

A highly selective, organocatalytic route to chiral dihydro-1,2-oxazines

[reaction: see text] The organocatalyzed asymmetric synthesis of chiral dihydro-1,2-oxazines from achiral starting materials proceeds in moderate to excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivity. This sequential reaction gives the desired products in a single pot.     

Regio‐ and Enantioselective Formal Hydroamination of Enamines for the Synthesis of 1,2‐Diamines

The asymmetric formal hydroamination of enamines using a CuH catalyst is reported. The method provides a straightforward and efficient approach to the synthesis of chiral 1,2‐dialkyl amines in good yields with high levels of enantioselectivities for a broad range of substrates, and should have significant value for the preparation of molecules bearing a 1,2‐diamine motif.     

Functionalised butanediacetal-protected 1,2-diols as suitable partners for Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions

A new method for the synthesis of dienes and enynes containing chiral 1,2-diols is described. The strategy is based on the Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions of a series of vinyl and alkynyl asymmetric butanediacetal-protected building blocks. After the coupling, removal of the protecting group leads to the desired functionalised dienes and enynes.     

The synthesis and use in asymmetric epoxidation of metal salen complexes derived from enantiopure trans-cyclopentane- and cyclobutane-1,2-diamine

A complete synthesis of enantiopure trans-cyclopentane-1,2-diamine and trans-cyclobutane-1,2-diamine is described. These diamines have been used as components of novel chiral salen ligands whose chromium and manganese complexes were then evaluated as oxygen transfer agents in the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes.     

Development of the enantioselective addition of ethyl diazoacetate to aldehydes: asymmetric synthesis of 1,2-diols

A novel synthetic strategy toward the asymmetric synthesis of vicinal diols bearing a tertiary center is presented. The method encompasses the dinuclear Mg-catalyzed asymmetric addition of ethyl diazoacetate into several aldehydes, oxidation of the diazo functionality, and diastereoselective alkyl transfer of various organometallics into the resulting chiral β-hydroxy-α-ketoesters to afford a diverse range of 1,2-diols in high yield, diastereoselectivity, and chirality transfer.     

Organocatalysis using protonated 1,2-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane for asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction

Bisammonium salts of mono-N-alkylated chiral 1,2-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane (DPEN) were employed in the catalytic and asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and crotonaldehyde. The N-3-pentyl diamine·2HCl catalyst shows high endo/exo selectivity and endo-enantioselectivity for the cycloaddition, and this organocatalysis is the first example of the use of a chiral 1,2-diamine to generate an imine intermediate which is activated by an internal ammonium Brønsted acid for the cycloaddition in a wet solvent.     

New chiral 1,2-aminoalcohols derived from biomass and their application in diethyl zinc additions

A convenient procedure for the preparation of chiral 1,2-aminoalcohols starting from levoglucosenone, a biomass derivative, is described. The 1,2-aminoalcohols, bearing primary, secondary, and tertiary amino groups, were tested as chiral catalysts in the asymmetric addition of diethyl zinc to benzaldehyde.