Acoustic cavitation series: part one: Acoustic cavitation: an introduction

Acoustic cavitation has been an active area of research for at least 30 years and interest in the subject shows no sign of diminishing. Cavitation may occur whenever high intensity ultrasound is applied to liquids, for example in such important applications as sonar, industrial processing and bio-medical research. Future issues will carry a series of articles reviewing the physics and technology of acoustic cavitation, each contributed by a well-known specialist. The present introductory article is a preface to the series, covering background history, explaining the scope of the subject and defining terms in common use. Also included is a list of the major sources of reference presently available, in the form of books, reviews and collections of papers.     

铜铁镁三掺铌酸锂晶体的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,研究了Cu:Fe:Mg:LiNbO3晶体及对比组的电子结构和光学特性.研究显示,单掺铜或铁铌酸锂晶体的杂质能级分别由Cu 3d轨道或Fe 3d轨道贡献,禁带宽度分别为3.45和3.42 eV;铜、铁共掺铌酸锂晶体杂质能级由Cu和Fe的3d轨道共同贡献,禁带宽度为3.24 eV,吸收峰分别在3.01,2.53和1.36 eV处;Cu:Fe:Mg:LiNbO3晶体中Mg^2+浓度低于阈值或高于阈值(阈值约为6.0 mol%)的禁带宽度分别为2.89 eV或3.30 eV,吸收峰分别位于2.45 eV,1.89 eV或2.89 eV,2.59 eV,2.24 eV.Mg^2+浓度高于阈值,会使吸收边较低于阈值情况红移;并使得部分Fe^3+占Nb位,引起晶体场改变,从而改变吸收峰位置和强度.双光存储应用中可选取2.9 eV作为擦除光,2.5 eV作为读取和写入光,选取Mg^2+浓度达到阈值的三掺晶体在增加动态范围和灵敏度等参量以及优化再现图像的质量等方面更具优势.     

The radiothermoluminescence of (ZnS:CdS:Ag:Ni:Co) phosphors irradiated with beta-rays

The radiothermoluminescence characteristics have been studied for a number of (ZnS:CdS::Ag:Ni:Co) phosphors, with various cobalt impurity contents, after exposure to⁹⁰Sr beta-rays at room temperature. Thermoluminescent spectra show a peak wavelength of 7000 Å, which remains unchanged with increase in cobalt concentration. Thermoluminescence curves exhibit a single well-defined peak appearing at temperatures far above room temperature. This peak shifts to lower temperatures with increasing cobalt content. The relation between thermoluminescence response and dose is linear over the dose range of 1 to 500 rads. Thermoluminescence measurements made after storing the irradiated phosphor for 48 hours in dark have revealed an information loss of 4% over this storage period. The radiothermoluminescence characteristics, storage capacity and storage stability of these sulphide phosphors compete reasonably with those of lithium fluoride over the dose range of 1 rad to 500 rads.     

Fourier transform profilometry: : a review

Fourier transform profilometry is one of the popular non-contact 3-D measurement methods, where a Ronchi grating or sinusoidal grating is projected onto a diffuse three-dimensional surface, and the resulting deformed grating image is detected by a CCD camera and processed by a computer. This method requires only one frame (or two frames) of the deformed fringe pattern in some algorithms to retrieve the surface of measured object, so it has obvious advantage for real time data acquisition and 3-D measurement of dynamic process. In this paper, we review some algorithms in FTP, discuss some important problems, including frequency spectra overlapping, phase unwrapping, sampling, and 3-D measurement of dynamic process. With the development of computer hardware and software and availability of high-resolution image grabber, FTP method will be a promising one for acquiring 3-D data of object, and more and more researchers pay attention to it.     

Er:YCOB和Er:Yb:YCOB晶体的光谱分析

分别测量了Er YCOB晶体和ErYb YCOB晶体的室温吸收光谱.讨论了Yb3+离子对Er3+离子的敏化作用.     

LiNbO_3:In:Fe:Cu晶体中的双波长非易失存储

为了提高晶体的非易失存储性能,采用双波长存储技术实验研究了LiNbO3:In:Fe:Cu晶体中的非易失存储,折射率调制度为1.04×10-4,记录灵敏度达到0.965 cm/J.与传统的双色非易失记录相比,该方法大幅度地提高了光栅的强度和记录的灵敏度.利用Kukhtarev带输运模型对双波长非易失记录过程中光栅的动态演化过程进行了数值模拟,同时讨论了氧化还原程度对双波长非易失全息记录的影响.理论与实验符合的较好.     

Soliton mode-locked Er:Yb:glass laser

We report on a simple diode-pumped passively mode-locked Er:Yb:glass laser generating transform-limited 1536-nm solitons of 255-fs duration with a repetition rate of 50 MHz and average power of 58 mW. We also discuss timing jitter and the trade-off between short pulses and high output power in these lasers.     

Sensitization in CaS:Bi:Tm phosphors

The emission spectra of calcium sulphide phosphors activated with bismuth, thulium, and both together are studied in the spectral range of 4000 Å to 8000 Å. The results indicate resonance transfer of excitation energy from Bi to Tm. Sensitizer to sensitizer transfer also appears to be appreciable. A plausible energy level diagram is proposed to explain the sensitization mechanism.     

SILEX-I: 300-TW Ti:sapphire laser

Based on chirped pulse amplification technology, we have built a Ti:sapphire laser system, called SILEX-I (superintense laser for experiments on extremes), at CAEP, which consists of three stages with 5-, 30-, and 300-TW outputs, respectively. The first and the second stages work at 10 Hz, while the third works at single shot. Pulse durations of 30 fs have been obtained by installing an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter (AOPDF) to compensate for the spectral gain narrowing in the regen. By taking a number of advanced measures for spatial beam control, such as spatial beam shaping, relay-imaged propagation, precise alignment of compressor gratings, and OAP, near-diffraction limited focal spots (FWHM) have been obtained. Focused intensities are calculated at (1–3) × 10²⁰ W/cm² with an f/2.2 OAP.SILEX-I has shown an excellent stability and reliability in operations for applications since its completion and will soon be able to operate at 500 TW.     

钛宝石泵浦的Yb:YAG晶体的激光性能

测量了Yb:YAG晶体的光谱特性,用Ar⁺离子泵浦钛宝石激光器作为泵浦源泵浦Yb:YAG晶体,采用平平腔设计,当输出耦合镜T_1.053μm=4.26%,泵浦功率为1410mW时,得到320mW1.053μm的高效CW激光输出,斜率效率为54%,外推阈值功率为203mW。     

Laser phenomena in DCEL of ZnS:Cu:Nd:Cl thin films

The possibility of the occurrence of laser phenomena in the DCEL of thin films of ZnS:Cu:Nd:Cl, designed for display purposes, has been investigated. Evidence of stimulated emission at ～ 1080 nm has been found in both DCEL and cathodoluminescence emission of the films and has been attributed to a tendency to population inversion involving the ${}^4\text{F}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}$ energy level and a sub-level of the ${}^4\text{I}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>11</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ energy level. In addition, the expected directional nature of the stimulated emission has been shown to be present at the higher applied voltages.