二氧化碳系列实验的创新改进

在复习课中,设计了综合实验装置,能够完成二氧化碳的制取,二氧化碳与水反应生成碳酸,碳酸具有不稳定性,二氧化碳一般情况下不可燃、不助燃及密度比空气大,二氧化碳与澄清石灰水反应的系列实验。实验器材普通,操作简单,现象明显,可用于多个平行班的实验演示和探究。     

设计组合实验装置多视角探究二氧化碳

通过设计组合与改进二氧化碳的实验装置,对二氧化碳的性质、分离与提纯、定性检测、定量测量、制备新物质等方面进行了探究,培养学生的综合探究与设计实验的能力。     

二氧化碳性质实验的综合设计

分析了教科书上"二氧化碳灭火"实验和"二氧化碳与水反应"实验的不足之处,并将这2个实验结合在一起进行了设计.新设计的实验成功率高、效果明显、趣味性强.     

基于实验探究的整合教学模式案例研究

以“二氧化碳的性质和用途”为教学案例,设计了家庭实验和分组实验等实验探究活动,改进了传统的演示实验与板书,并对上述内容进行了整合研究,形成了基于实验探究的整合教学模式。     

二氧化碳熄灭阶梯蜡烛实验的创新设计*

围绕中学化学教材中二氧化碳熄灭阶梯蜡烛的实验设计,从实验原理入手,自制了简便“阶梯蜡烛”,改进了二氧化碳气体的倾倒方法。通过实验探究发现,在大小一定的反应容器中,实验成功率与蜡烛间距以及储气瓶口径大小有关。研究了影响实验的可能因素,提供了一种安全可靠、成功率高的实验方法。     

蜡烛燃烧产物二氧化碳非常规灭火原因的实验探究

将蜡烛燃烧产物的检验和二氧化碳非常规灭火实验探究集中在一个实验内完成,使实验操作更加简便、现象更加明显,同时对二氧化碳非常规灭火原因的假设和验证进行了巧妙的实验探究。最后,对化学实验教学提出了几点教学思考。     

量筒中的二氧化碳气体定量实验

设计了一个关于二氧化碳气体的定量实验。实验装置简单，操作方便。通过实验让学生初步了解理想气体状态方程和气体常数等相关内容。     

温室效应的实验探究——广为流传且错误的探究

相信对于温室效应的实验探究,广大化学教师来都耳熟能详了,这个探究实验的面世在我的记忆中至少已经有9年多了,2000年4月在绵阳举行的四川省实验成果交流会上,一位职业中学的老师就展示了这个实验研究,她的设计是:在2个空的矿泉水瓶中,一个装满二氧化碳,另一个装满空气,在2个瓶中各插入一只温度计,再用白炽灯泡等距离照射2个矿泉水瓶,一段时间后,观察到装二氧化碳的瓶中的温度计上升的温度比装空气的矿泉水瓶中的高,试图以此来证明二氧化碳的温室效应.     

对二氧化碳的化学性质演示实验的改进

人民教育出版社九年义务教育三年制初中化学教材演示实验[5-7]：向盛有紫色石蕊试液的试管里通入二氧化碳,观察石蕊试液颜色的变化,待石蕊试液颜色变化后停止通人二氧化碳,取少量溶液放在酒精灯火焰上加热,再观察石蕊颜色的变化（图1）。     

初中新课程微型化学实验的设计研究

根据初中化学新课程实验内容进行微型化学实验设计,其中包括空气中氧气含量的测定、氧气的制取与性质、电解水实验、氢气的制取与性质、二氧化碳的制取与性质、一氧化碳的制取与性质等实验。     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

Mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine and perforine and of their derivatives

Conclusions The mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine, perforine, and their derivatives have been studied. The influence of the open and cyclic forms of the molecular ion on the nature of the fragmentation has been discussed. The main routes of fragmentation of the compounds considered are due to the presence of substituents at C₈ and C₄.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 273–279, 1969     

Crystal and molecular structure of aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- and benzaldehydes

Aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- (I) and benzaldehydes (IV) and benzoylhydrazones of acet- (II) and benzaldehydes (III) were studied by x-ray structural and quantum-chemical methods in order to establish their structures. Compund (I) was the EEZ structure in the crystal. Calculations and spectral data showed that the EEE form occurs in nonpolar solvents and in the gas phase. According to crystallographic data molecules (I)–(IV) are the E-isomers (relative to the N-N bond) and the hydrazone fragments are planar. Intermolecular N-H...O H-bonds from in the crystals. The data obtained suggest that the majority of acylhydrazones are conformationally rigid on dissolution although exceptions do occur. Apparently the reasons for the difference of acetyl- and benzoylhydrazones in electrocarboxylation reactions are electronic and not steric factors.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–81, January, 1991.     

Investigation of adhesion and mobility of polyurethane and epoxy-rubber glues and adhesives

The values of activation parameters in uncured and cured epoxy resins, rubbers, and blends thereof are investigated. The dependences of activation energy and adhesion strength of epoxy-rubber compositions on rubber content are determined. The correlation of adhesion and activation energy values for polyurethane rubber and epoxy-rubber compositions is shown.     

Synthesis and characterization of triazenide and triazene complexes of ruthenium and osmium

Triazenide [M(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 [M = Ru, Os; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl; P = P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] complexes were prepared by allowing triflate [M(kappa2-OTf)P4]OTf species to react first with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene and then with an excess of triethylamine. Alternatively, ruthenium triazenide [Ru(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 derivatives were obtained by reacting hydride [RuH(eta2-H2)P4]+ and RuH(kappa1-OTf)P4 compounds with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of the [Ru(eta2-1,3-PhNNNPh){P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 derivative. Hydride triazene [OsH(eta1-1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar)P4]BPh4 [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] and [RuH{eta1-1,3-p-tolyl-N=NN(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivatives were prepared by allowing kappa1-triflate MH(kappa1-OTf)P4 to react with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The [Os(kappa1-OTf){eta1-1,3-PhN=NN(H)Ph}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 intermediate was also obtained. Variable-temperature NMR studies were carried out using 15N-labeled triazene complexes prepared from the 1,3-Ph15N=N15N(H)Ph ligand. Osmium dihydrogen [OsH(eta2-H2)P4]BPh4 complexes [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] react with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene to give the hydride-diazene [OsH(ArN=NH)P4]BPh4 derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(PhN=NH){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 complex is reported. A reaction path to explain the formation of the diazene complexes is also reported.     

Preparation and characterization of diarylphosphazene and diarylphosphinohydrazide complexes of titanium, tungsten and ruthenium and phosphorylketimido complexes of rhenium

Reaction of the proligand Ph2PN(SiMe3)2 (L1) with WCl6 gives the oligomeric phosphazene complex [WCl4(NPPh2)]n, 1 and subsequent reaction with PMe2Ph or NBu4Cl gives [WCl4(NPPh2)(PMe2Ph)] (2) or [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] (3), respectively. DF calculations on [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] show a W=N double bond (1.756 A) and a P-N bond distance of 1.701 A, which combined with the geometry about the P atom suggests, there is no P-N multiple bonding. Reaction of L1 with [ReOX3(PPh3)2] in MeCN (X = Cl or Br) gives [ReX2(NC(CH3)P(O)Ph2)(MeCN)(PPh3)](X = Cl, 4, X = Br, 5) which contains the new phosphorylketimido ligand. It is bound to the rhenium centre with a virtually linear Re-N-C arrangement (Re-N-C angle = 176.6 degrees, when X = Cl) and there is multiple bonding between Re and N (Re-N = 1.809(7) A when X = Cl). The proligand Ph2PNHNMe2(L2H) reacts with [(C5H5)TiCl3] to give [(C5H5)TiCl2(Me2NNPPh2)] (6). An X-ray crystal structure of the complex shows the ligand (L2) is bound by both nitrogen atoms. Reaction of the proligands Ph2PNHNR2[R2 = Me2 (L2H), -(CH2CH2)2NCH3 (L3H), (CH2CH2)2CH2 (L4H)] with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave [RuCl2(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)L] {L = L2H (7), L3H (8), L4H (9)}. The X-ray crystal structures of 7-9 confirmed that the phosphinohydrazine ligand is neutral and bound via the phosphorus only. Reaction of complexes 7-9 with AgBF4 resulted in chloride ion abstraction and the formation of the cationic species [RuCl(6-p-MeC6H4iPr)(L)]+ BF4- {(L = L2H (10), L3H (11), L4H (12)}. Finally, reaction of complex 6 with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave the binuclear species [(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)Cl2Ru(mu2,eta3-Ph2PNNMe2)TiCl2(C5H5)], 13.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。