Effect of the character of conduction electron reflection on the electromagnetic properties of an inhomogeneous cylindrical particle

The cross section of magnetic absorption of a small elongated cylindrical particle with a dielectric core and metallic shell is calculated. The general case of an arbitrary value of the ratio of the dielectric core radius to the radius of the particle is considered. The condition of mixed (mirror-diffuse) reflection of conduction electrons from the boundaries of the metal layer of the particle is chosen as the boundary condition to the problem. The limiting cases are considered, and the results obtained are discussed.     

The effect of the character of electron reflection on the electromagnetic properties of an inhomogeneous spherical particle

The magnetic absorption cross section of a small spherical particle with a dielectric core and a metallic shell is calculated. The general case is considered when the ratio of the radius of the dielectric core to the total radius of the particle may take arbitrary values. The condition of specular-diffuse reflection of conduction electrons from the surfaces of the metal layer of the particle is chosen as the boundary conditions of the problem. The limit cases are considered, and the results are discussed.     

Absorption of electrical energy by a fine cylindrical metal particle

The absorption cross section for the energy of an electric field aligned with the symmetry axis of a cylindrical metal particle is calculated. The radius of the particle is assumed to be much smaller than its length. As the boundary condition of the problem, diffuse reflection of electrons from the inner surface of the particle is taken. Limiting cases are considered, and the results obtained are discussed.     

Electric-field energy absorption by a bimetallic cylindrical particle

The electric-field energy absorption cross section of a bimetallic cylindrical particle is calculated for an external ac electric field directed along the axis of the particle. The calculations are performed for arbitrary values of the ratio of the particle core radius to the particle radius. The reflection of electrons from the inner and outer surfaces of the metallic shell of the particle is assumed to be diffuse. The limiting cases are considered, and the results obtained are discussed.     

Absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a bimetallic cylindrical particle of finite length

The absorption cross section of electromagnetic radiation is calculated for a bimetallic cylindrical particle of finite length. A general case is considered, where the ratio of the radius of the particle core to the particle radius and the ratio of the radius of the particle to its length can take arbitrary values. The conditions of diffuse reflection of electrons from the internal and external surfaces of the metal shell of the particle and from its faces are used as the boundary conditions of the problem. The effect of the ratio of the radius of the core of a bimetallic cylindrical particle to the particle radius and the ratio of the radius of the particle to its length on the electromagnetic properties of the particle is analyzed.     

Diffusive growth of a single droplet with three different boundary conditions

We study a single, motionless three-dimensional droplet growing by adsorption of diffusing monomers on a 2D substrate. The diffusing monomers are adsorbed at the aggregate perimeter of the droplet with different boundary conditions. Models with both an adsorption boundary condition and a radiation boundary condition, as well as a phenomenological model, are considered and solved in a quasistatic approximation. The latter two models allow particle detachment. In the short time limit, the droplet radius grows as a power of the time with exponents of 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 for the models with adsorption, radiation and phenomenological boundary conditions, respectively. In the long time limit a universal growth rate as is observed for the radius of the droplet for all models independent of the boundary conditions. This asymptotic behaviour was obtained by Krapivsky [#!krapquasi!#] where a similarity variable approach was used to treat the growth of a droplet with an adsorption boundary condition based on a quasistatic approximation. Another boundary condition with a constant flux of monomers at the aggregate perimeter is also examined. The results exhibit a power law growth rate with an exponent of 1/3 for all times. Received 19 July 1999     

格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟弯流道中粒子的惯性迁移行为

本文发展了一个能够模拟微流场环境下粒子惯性迁移行为的三维耦合模型.该模型采用基于动理论的格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)描述流体流动,采用牛顿动力学模型描述粒子的平动和转动,采用基于LBM反弹格式的运动边界法实现流体与粒子模型的耦合.模拟了重力作用下粒子的沉降过程和Couette流条件下粒子的转动过程,通过将模拟结果与文献中的基准解进行对比定量验证了模型的可靠性.模拟了不同大小的球形粒子在环形流道中的迁移,成功复现了经典的流道截面二次流形成过程,分析了粒径大小对粒子在流道中平衡位置的影响机理.结果表明,粒子在弯流道中的平衡位置与粒径大小密切相关,小半径粒子的平衡位置靠近流道外侧而大半径粒子则靠近流道内侧.通过实验对模拟结果进行了定性验证.本模型为深入研究微流场环境下粒子的运动特性以及开发微流控粒子分选器件提供了参考依据.     

Thermophysical parameters of additive gap welding with the laser cladding of powders

The simulation and optimization of the main process variables of gap welding with the laser cladding of metallic powders is considered. The adsorption coefficient of powdered particles as a function of particle radius is analyzed for powder feeding via a metering unit. Optimum particle velocities and the weight flow rate of the metering device are determined. Preliminary experimental results are presented.     

Boundary condition model for diffractive elastic scattering

Diffractive elastic scattering is studied by a boundary condition model that does not utilize a potential model.S-matrix elements are calculated and compared to those found from an optical potential model calculation. The unitarity of the model is related to the boundary condition imposed. A radially ingoing boundary condition is imposed on the wave function at one angle only, at a scattering angle of 180 °. This condition is required to hold in the vicinity of the nuclear radius, but not for all radii. Elastic scattering peaks at forward and backward angles are reproduced and discussed. The model is applied to composite particle scattering above the Coulomb barrier.     

基于多粒子群算法的视频跟踪研究

粒子群算法是一种新的进化算法,算法思路适合于进行视频跟踪,但是由于在视频跟踪过程中以跟踪窗口作为粒子,因此该粒子具有中心点横坐标、中心点纵坐标和窗口半径三维特征向量,计算冗余较大,难以满足视频跟踪的实时性要求。提出了一种多粒子群视频跟踪算法,即在跟踪过程中使用多个粒子群,粒子群与粒子群之间粒子半径不同,在各粒子群以评价函数收敛到最佳中心点后,再完成各自半径的一维粒子群计算。这样就可将三维粒子群计算分为一个两维和一个一维粒子群计算,最后通过比较得出最佳粒子,作为搜索结果。分析了这一算法成立的必要条件,即当选择Bhattacharyya系数计算方法作为粒子群算法的评价函数时,大于目标的固定窗体的中心点可以收敛到目标的形心。实验证明,这种基于多粒子群的跟踪算法可以应用于实时视频跟踪,其跟踪效果优于传统算法。     

等离子体鞘层附近尘埃颗粒特性的数值模拟

为了研究尘埃等离子体中尘埃颗粒以及鞘层中粒子密度分布等特性,对尘埃颗粒存在条件下等离子体鞘层结构的采取数值模拟.采用稳态无碰撞的尘埃等离子体鞘层模型,对玻姆判据、尘埃颗粒的荷电性质、平板鞘层区域的电势分布及鞘层内粒子分布特性进行了系统的数值模拟研究.计算结果显示,鞘层边缘尘埃颗粒数密度的增加、尘埃温度的升高,将引起孤立尘埃颗粒对电子吸附能力的减弱,集体效应也受到一定程度的影响;二者同时对离子玻姆速度以及鞘层厚度的增加都有着极大的促进作用.鞘层电势在靠近下极区处降落迅速,主要聚集在接近阴极极板的鞘层区域,各种微粒数密度的空间分布满足准中性条件.     

Electrostatic interaction of a spherical particle in the vicinity of a circular orifice

The electrostatic interaction of a charged spherical particle in the vicinity of an orifice plane has been investigated in this paper.The particle can creep along the axis of the orifice and is immersed in a bulk electrolyte.By solving the Poisson-Boltzmann problem,we have obtained the effective electrostatic interaction for several values of reduced orifice radius h,including the cases of h > 1,h = 1 and h < 1.Two kinds of boundary conditions of the orifice plane are considered.One is the constant potential model corresponding to a conducting plane,the other is the constant charge model.In the constant potential model,there is an electrostatic attraction between the particle and the orifice plane when they get close to each other,while there is a pure electrostatic repulsion in the constant charge model.The interactions in both boundary models are sensitive to the parameters of the reduced orifice radius,the reduced particle-orifice distance,surface charge densities of the particle and orifice plane,and the reduced Debye screen constant corresponding to the salt-ion concentration and ion valence.     

Interaction between glow discharge plasma and dust particles

The effect of dust particle concentration on gas discharge plasma parameters was studied through development of a self-consistent kinetic model which is based on solving the Boltzmann equation for the electron distribution function. It was shown that an increase in the Havnes parameter causes an increase in the average electric field and ion density, as well as a decrease in the charge of dust particles and electron density in a dust particle cloud. Self-consistent simulations for a wide range of plasma and dust particle parameters produced several scaling laws: these are laws for dust particle potential and electric field as a function of dust particle concentration and radius, and the discharge current density. The simulation results demonstrate that the process of self-consistent accommodation of parameters of dust particles and plasma in condition of particle concentration growth causes a growth in the number of high-energy electrons in plasma, but not to depletion of electron distribution function.     

Electrical conduction of a thin cylindrical wire in a longitudinal magnetic field

The electric conductivity of a metallic cylindrical wire in a longitudinal magnetic field is calculated. The case when the radius of the wire is much smaller than its length is considered. As the boundary condition of the problem, the condition of diffuse reflection of electrons from the inner surface of the wire is adopted. Limiting cases are considered and the results are discussed.     

Electric Field-Induced Fluid Velocity Field Distribution in DNA Solution

We present an analytical solution for fluid velocity field distribution of polyelectrolyte DNA. Both the electric field force and the viscous force in the DNA solution are considered under a suitable boundary condition. The solution of electric potential is analytically obtained by using the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The fluid velocity along the electric field is dependent on the cylindrical radius and concentration. It is shown that the electric field-induced fluid velocity will be increased with the increasing cylindrical radius, whose distribution also varies with the concentration     

Application of Permanent Magnets for Particle Extraction from Cyclic Accelerators with Constant Orbit Radius

Closed orbits with almost constant radius in an induction synchrotron with a permanent magnetic field are formed using the method of particle reflection by fields of permanent magnets. In this study we consider the application of such permanent magnets for automatic particle extraction from cyclic accelerators with R = const, B = var. The problem of formation of orbits with almost constant radius in a cyclic accelerator with a permanent leading magnetic field was considered in [1]. In this study we consider the application of such permanent magnets for automatic particle extraction from cyclic accelerators with R = const, B = var.     

Internal electric field distribution within a micro-cylinder-shaped particle suspended in an absorbing gaseous medium

The present study is concerned with photophoresis of a microsized long cylinder-shaped particle suspended in an absorbing gas medium. To facilitate the analysis, an infinite cylinder subjected to an intensive light beam is considered as the physical model. The electromagnetic energy can be absorbed by the particle and turned into thermal energy heating surface unevenly, which results in a net momentum transfer between gas molecules and the particle to drive particle in photophoretic motion. Effects of the governing parameters on the absorbed energy distribution in the cylindrical particle are investigated. The results demonstrate that increasing either the radius or absorptivity of the cylinder enhances the energy absorbed on the illuminated side and tends to generate positive photophoresis; while an increase in the refractivity of the particle tends to enhance the internal electric field intensity and shift the absorption peak on the shaded side toward the particle center. Increase in medium absorptivity reduces the energy reaching at the particle, which significantly degrades the level of energy absorption and therefore weakens the photophoretic mobility of the particle. It is also found that, at the same conditions, the source function peaks in long cylinder-shaped particles are generally lower than those in spheres due to the weaker light refraction of the cylindrical shape.     

粒子像衍射晕与PIV系统的工作条件

讨论了粒子像的衍射晕分布并进行了计算机模拟,得出一个结论：当照相机相干传递函数的通带半宽度大于１．６倍粒子夫朗和费零级衍射环半径时,粒子像的自相关函数与照相机孔径无关,且粒子像有较尖锐的自相关峰和较小的衍射晕。这是ＰＩＶ系统的最佳工作条件。     

On the analytic properties of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>-matrix for the unknown interactions surrounded by centrifugal and rapidly decreasing potentials

The analytic structure of the non-relativistic unitary and non-unitary S-matrix is investigated for the cases of the unknown interactions with the unknown motion equations inside a sphere of radius a, surrounded by the centrifugal and rapidly decreasing (exponentially or by the Yukawian law or by the more rapidly decreasing) potentials. The one-channel case and special examples of many-channel cases are considered. Some kinds of symmetry conditions are imposed. The Schroedinger equation for r > a for the particle motion and the condition of the completeness of the correspondent wave functions are assumed. The connection of the obtained results with the usual (temporal) causality is examined. Finally a scientific program is presented as a clear continuation and extension of the obtained results.     

极区夏季中层顶区域尘埃粒子参数的研究

采用轨道受限运动方法研究了极区夏季中层顶区域的尘埃粒子电荷数与尘埃粒子半径。利用尘埃等离子体充电理论,建立了尘埃粒子充电方程模型,得到尘埃粒子充电时尘埃电荷数和半径的比值。然后结合ECT02实验数据,分析了发生极区中层夏季回波现象时极区中层顶区域尘埃粒子电荷数和半径的比值,并得到尘埃粒子的半径以及尘埃粒子所带电荷量。结果表明,极区中层顶区域的尘埃粒子平均所带电荷不到一个,它的半径约为20nm。