Pseudo-random number generator based on discrete-space chaotic map

This paper describes an efficient method to predict the nonlinear steady-state response of a complex structure with multi-scattered friction contacts. The contact friction force is equivalent to additional stiffness and damping based on optimal approximation theory, and as a consequence, the computation is simplified greatly by the linearization for a nonlinear system. In order to obtain accurate pressure distribution on the contact interfaces, the dynamic contact normal pressure is obtained by the equivalent static analysis which is validated for most engineering cases. Considering the complex procedure to determine the transformation between two different contact states, the differential forms of friction force are given to solve the tangential force accurately under the complex movement of interfaces. The approaches developed in this paper are particularly suitable to solve the dynamic response of large-scale structures with local contact nonlinearities. The entire procedure to calculate the steady-state response of a finite element model with a large number of degrees of freedom is demonstrated taking the blades with underplatform dampers as an example. The method is proved to be accurate and efficient; in particular, it does not suffer convergence problem in the allowable range of precision error, which exhibits remarkable potential engineering application values.     

Enriched goal-oriented error estimation for fracture problems solved by continuum-based shell extended finite element method简

An enriched goal-oriented error estimation method with extended degrees of freedom is developed to estimate the error in the continuum-based shell extended finite element method. It leads to high quality local error bounds in three-dimensional fracture mechanics simulation which involves enrichments to solve the singularity in crack tip. This enriched goal-oriented error estimation gives a chance to evaluate this continuum- based shell extended finite element method simulation. With comparisons of reliability to the stress intensity factor calculation in stretching and bending, the accuracy of the continuum-based shell extended finite element method simulation is evaluated, and the reason of error is discussed.     

Non-linear finite element analysis of flexible risers in presence of buoyancy force and seabed interaction boundary condition

A non-linear finite element static analysis for flexible risers with large displacements is presented using a four-node pipe elbow element with 24 degrees of freedom. A pipe–soil interaction model is used to identify seabed boundary condition. The effects of buoyancy force as well as steady-state current loading are considered in the finite element solution for riser structures response. In fact considering buoyancy force among with current loading and seabed interaction boundary condition in this paper leads to a particular formulation. The resulting formulation has been implemented in a finite element code which is subsequently used to model and analyze some typical riser configurations. The results of some sample solutions are given to illustrate the accuracy and capability of the formulation.     

ENRICHED GOAL-ORIENTED ERROR ESTIMATION APPLIED TO FRACTURE MECHANICS PROBLEMS SOLVED BY XFEM

Based on the concept of constitutive relation error along with the residual of both origin and dual problems, a goal-oriented error estimation method with extended degrees of freedom is developed in this paper. It leads to high quality local error bounds in the problem of fracture mechanics simulation with extended finite element method (XFEM), which involves enrichment to solve a stress singularity in the crack. Since goal-oriented error estimation with enriched degrees of freedom gives us a chance to evaluate the XFEM simulation, the stress intensity factor calculated by two kinds of XFEM programs developed by ourselves and by commercial code ABAQUS are compared in this work. By comparing the reliability of the stress intensity factor calculation, the accuracy of two programs in different cases is evaluated and the source of error is discussed. A 2-dimensional XFEM example is given to illustrate the computational procedure.     

Dynamic behavior of long-span box girder bridges subjected to moving loads: Numerical analysis and experimental verification

In this study we conducted three-dimensional dynamic analyses of long-span box girder bridges subjected to moving loads, using four-node Lagrangian and Hermite finite elements. In finite element formulation, a 6 × 6 transformation matrix is derived to transform the system element matrices before assembly. The usual 5 degrees of freedom per node are appended with an additional drilling degree of freedom in order to fit the transformation. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental data from an existing two-span prestressed concrete box girder bridge under travelling vehicles. Parametric studies are focused on the various effects of moving loads on the dynamic behavior for different locations on the cross-section of box girder bridges.     

Free vibration and dynamic stability of rotating thin-walled composite beams

The dynamic stability behavior of thin-walled rotating composite beams is studied by means of the finite element method. The analysis is based on Bolotin’s work on parametric instability for an axial periodic load. The influence of fiber orientation and rotating speeds on the natural frequencies and the unstable regions is studied for symmetrically balanced laminates. The regions of instability are obtained and expressed in non-dimensional terms. The “modal interchange” phenomenon arising in rotating beams is described. The dynamic stability problem is formulated by means of linearizing a geometrically nonlinear total Lagrangian finite element with seven degrees of freedom per node. This finite element formulation is based on a thin-walled beam theory that takes into account several non-classical effects such as anisotropy, shear flexibility and warping inhibition.     

Design of an Optimal Grid for Finite Element Methods

ABSTRACT Finite element solutions of improved quality are obtained by optimizing the location of nodes of the finite element grid, while keeping the number of degrees of freedom fixed. The formulation of the grid optimization problem is based on the reduction of error associated with interpolation of the exact solution, using functions from the finite element space. Element sizes are selected as design variables: length in R1 and area in R2. Analytically derived optimality conditions are presented and an approximation to these conditions is introduced to obtain a set of operationally useful equations that can be used as guidelines for construction of improved grids. Example problems are given for illustration.     

Lyapunov exponents in discrete modelling of a cantilever beam impacting on a moving base

The dynamic behaviour of a cantilever beam of an unnegligible large mass and with a concentrated mass fixed at its end, which impacts on a movable base according to Hertz's damp law, is studied. A new finite element reference model of the system and its lower-dimensional substitutive models with one degree or two degrees of freedom are developed. The qualitative-type as well as quantitative-type applicability limits of these substitutive models are discussed - the latter ones are described in terms of the corresponding spectra of Lyapunov exponents.     

Nonlinear aeroelastic coupled trim and stability analysis of rotor-fuselage

Based on the Hamilton principle and the moderate deflection beam theory, discretizing the helicopter blade into a number of beam elements with 15 degrees of freedora, and using a quasi-steady aero-model, a nonlinear coupled rotor/fuselage equation is established. A periodic solution of blades and fuselage is obtained through aeroelastic coupled trim using the temporal finite element method （TEM）. The Peters dynamic inflow model is used for vehicle stability. A program for computation is developed, which produces the blade responses, hub loads, and rotor pitch controls. The correlation between the analytical results and related literature is good. The converged solution simultaneously satisfies the blade and the vehicle equilibrium equations.     

非饱和土-结构动力响应的多耦合周期性有限元法

真实的地基土体-隧道系统中土体及结构性质往往沿线路纵向变化.为考虑土体与结构沿纵向的变化特性,提出了一种非饱和土-结构系统动力响应分析的多耦合周期性有限元法.首先基于非饱和土的实用波动方程,采用Galerkin法推导了单节点5个自由度的非饱和土ub-pl-pg格式有限元表达式,相比于单节点9个自由度的ub-v-w格式有...     

Subharmonic steady vibrations of a non-linear damper with two degrees of freedom and viscous damping

The steady-state. $\text{1}\text{3}$ subharmonic vibrations of a dynamic damper (or vibration absorber) with two degrees of freedom, sinusoidal forcing function and internal viscous damping. are presented. The study of these oscillations leads to the determination of suitable “form functions” of the solutions, by following a methodology recently introduced by Nocilla for studying the harmonic vibrations of non-linear systems with one and two degrees of freedom. The proposed theory. which is valid even if the non-linearity is large, gives satisfactory results in all the cases in which the subharmonic component is predominant in the steady-state oscillation of the system.     

A simple and efficient triangular finite element for plate bending

A simple and efficient triangular finite element is introduced for plate bending application. The element is a three-node triangular one with three basic degrees of freedom per node and two internal rotation degrees of freedom, using selective reduced integration. Numerical examples indicate that, despite its simplicity, the element is not only competitively accurate, but also useful as a thick/thin triangular plate bending element. It is also pointed out that this element using selective reduced integration is in fact a mixed element.     

饱和土一维动力响应分析的弱式微分求积元法

基于伽辽金加权残值法，本文首先建立一维饱和土动力学控制微分方程的弱形式，而后分别采用微分求积法和有限元法将其空间坐标离散，得到以土体骨架位移、流体-土骨架相对位移和孔隙流体压力为自由度的单元离散方程，从而采用Crank-Nicolson 法求解．数值算例一方面通过与解析解的对比，验证了离散方程和数值程序的正确性．另一方面，通过地表位移和基底孔隙压力的收敛性分析，检验了求积元和有限元法的收敛效率．数值结果表明：所建立的弱式微分求积法在饱和土动力分析中不仅具有显著优于常规有限元法的收敛效率，而且还具有可变阶的收敛性能，为今后高效率分析提供了一种可能．     

改进型扩展比例边界有限元法

结合了扩展有限元法(extended finite elementmethods,XFEM)和比例边界有限元法(scaled boundary finite elementmethods,SBFEM)的主要优点,提出了一种改进型扩展比例边界有限元法(improvedextended scaled boundary finite elementmethods,$i$XSBFEM),为断裂问题模拟提供了一条新的途径.类似XFEM,采用两个正交的水平集函数表征材料内部裂纹面,并基于水平集函数判断单元切割类型;将被裂纹切割的单元作为SBFE的子域处理,采用SBFEM求解单元刚度矩阵,从而避免了XFEM中求解不连续单元刚度矩阵需要进一步进行单元子划分的缺陷;同时,借助XFEM的主要思想,将裂纹与单元边界交点的真实位移作为单元结点的附加自由度考虑,赋予了单元结点附加自由度明确的物理意义,可以直接根据位移求解结果得出裂纹与单元边界交点的位移;对于含有裂尖的单元,选取围绕裂尖单元一圈的若干层单元作为超级单元,并将此超级单元作为SBFE的一个子域求解刚度矩阵,超级单元内部的结点位移可通过SBFE的位移模式求解得到,应力强度因子可基于裂尖处的奇异位移(应力)直接获得,无需借助其他的数值方法.最后,通过若干数值算例验证了建议的$i$XSBFEM的有效性,相比于常规XFEM,$i$XSBFEM的基于位移范数的相对误差收敛性较好;采用$i$XSBFEM通过应力法和位移法直接计算得到的裂尖应力强度因子均与解析解吻合\较好.      

高层空间框架结构动力分析的超级元子结构模型

本文将超级元和子结构的思想相结合,根据框架结构的变形特点,建立了高层空间框架结构动力分析的超级元子结构模型。模型中将楼面划分为子结构,在总结构层次将各子结构假想为二维连续体后用超级元来描述,而在子结构内部仍用经典有限元三维梁单元模拟。据此,框架梁位于同一超级元内,而框架柱连接不同的超级元。通过假设子结构内部结点自由度与总结构结点自由度的位移关系,得到超级元的质量矩阵以及框架梁和框架柱的单元刚度方程。该模型中空间框架结构的动力和非动力自由度均有大幅度的缩减,而刚性楼面假定可以进一步减少计算量。最后通过一幢30层钢筋混凝土空间框架结构的动力特性分析验证本文理论的正确性和适用性。     

High-order triangular finite element for shell analysis

A curved-shell finite element of triangular shape is described which is based on conventional shell theory expressed in terms of surface coordinates and displacements Each of the three surface displacement components is independently represented by a two-dimensional polynomial of constrained-quintic order giving the element a total of 54 degrees of freedom. Two particular geometric forms of the element are considered, viz. doubly-curved shallow and circular cylindrical. The high level of accuracy which can be achieved using few elements is demonstrated in a range of problems where comparison is made with previous finite element solutions.     

一维连续体释放和回收过程的构形计算

一维连续体的释放和回收过程由时变的动力学方程描述。将一维连续体离散为有限单元,建立其时变自由度的高维离散动力学模型。通过重新划分单元,重置系统质量、阻尼和刚度矩阵,以及位移和荷载向量,并基于改进的有限差分法,提出了一维连续体释放和回收过程的一种构形计算方法。以柔性索的面内运动为例,计算了其释放和回收过程的动力学构形,实...     

Dynamics of finite element structural models with multiple unilateral constraints

Fast and accurate simulation of mechanical structures with complex geometry requires application of the finite element method. This leads frequently to models with a relatively large number of degrees of freedom, which may also possess non-linear properties. Things become more complicated for systems involving unilateral contact and friction. In classical structural dynamics approaches, such constraints are usually modeled by special contact elements. The characteristics of these elements must be selected in a delicate way, but even so the success of these methods cannot be guaranteed. This study presents a numerical methodology, which is suitable for determining dynamic response of large scale finite element models of mechanical systems with multiple unilateral constraints. The method developed is based on a proper combination of results from two classes of direct integration methodologies. The first one includes standard methods employed in determining dynamic response of structural models possessing smooth non-linearities. The second class of methods includes specialized methodologies that simulate the response of dynamical systems with unilateral constraints. The validity and effectiveness of the methodology developed is illustrated by numerical results.     

Nonlinear dynamics of three-dimensional belt drives using the finite-element method

In this paper, new nonlinear dynamic formulations for belt drives based on the three-dimensional absolute nodal coordinate formulation are developed. Two large deformation three-dimensional finite elements are used to develop two different belt-drive models that have different numbers of degrees of freedom and different modes of deformation. Both three-dimensional finite elements are based on a nonlinear elasticity theory that accounts for geometric nonlinearities due to large deformation and rotations. The first element is a thin-plate element that is based on the Kirchhoff plate assumptions and captures both membrane and bending stiffness effects. The other three-dimensional element used in this investigation is a cable element obtained from a more general three-dimensional beam element by eliminating degrees of freedom which are not significant in some cable and belt applications. Both finite elements used in this investigation allow for systematic inclusion or exclusion of the bending stiffness, thereby enabling systematic examination of the effect of bending on the nonlinear dynamics of belt drives. The finite-element formulations developed in this paper are implemented in a general purpose three-dimensional flexible multibody algorithm that allows for developing more detailed models of mechanical systems that include belt drives subject to general loading conditions, nonlinear algebraic constraints, and arbitrary large displacements. The use of the formulations developed in this investigation is demonstrated using two-roller belt-drive system. The results obtained using the two finite-element formulations are compared and the convergence of the two finite-element solutions is examined.     

Nonlinear transient dynamic response of damped plates using a higher order shear deformation theory

Damped transient dynamic elasto-plastic analysis of plate is investigated. A finite element model based on a C ⁰ higher order shear deformation theory has been developed. Nine noded Lagrangian elements with five degrees of freedom per node are used. Selective Gauss integration is used to evaluate energy terms so as to avoid shear locking and spurious mechanisms. Von Mises and Tresca yield criteria are incorporated along with associated flow rules. Explicit central difference time stepping scheme is employed to integrate temporal equations. The mass matrix is diagonalized by using the efficient proportional mass lumping scheme. A program is developed for damped transient dynamic finite element analysis of elasto-plastic plate. Several numerical examples are studied to unfold different facets of damping of elasto-plastic plates.