Optical image encryption using chaos-based compressed sensing and phase-shifting interference in fractional wavelet domain

In this paper, a novel optical image encryption system combining compressed sensing with phase-shifting interference in fractional wavelet domain is proposed. To improve the encryption efficiency, the volume data of original image are decreased by compressed sensing. Then the compacted image is encoded through double random phase encoding in asymmetric fractional wavelet domain. In the encryption system, three pseudo-random sequences, generated by three-dimensional chaos map, are used as the measurement matrix of compressed sensing and two random-phase masks in the asymmetric fractional wavelet transform. It not only simplifies the keys to storage and transmission, but also enhances our cryptosystem nonlinearity to resist some common attacks. Further, holograms make our cryptosystem be immune to noises and occlusion attacks, which are obtained by two-step-only quadrature phase-shifting interference. And the compression and encryption can be achieved in the final result simultaneously. Numerical experiments have verified the security and validity of the proposed algorithm.     

基于多模光纤散斑的压缩感知在光学图像加密中的应用

为了安全高效地对图像信息进行传输,提出了一种新颖的基于多模光纤散斑的压缩感知结合双随机相位编码的光学图像加密方法.多模光纤产生的光斑作为压缩感知的测量矩阵,完成对图像的第一次压缩和加密,并且充当第一级密钥;再利用双随机相位编码技术进行第二次加密,实现对图像的完整加密过程,随机相位掩模板充当第二级密钥,解密过程与此相反.通过将光斑测量矩阵与用于压缩感知的常用随机测量矩阵进行对比研究后发现,使用光斑测量矩阵解密后的图像质量更好,而且相比于其他随机测量矩阵在硬件实现上的复杂性与高成本,光斑矩阵可以很容易地通过简单的光学器件来获得,且可以利用工作波长的改变来进行变换,也即第一级密钥非常容易变换.同时经研究表明,本文方法可以有效抵抗统计分析、噪声干扰和剪切等攻击,且对密钥敏感性高,具有良好的鲁棒性和安全性.因此,本文提出的这种基于光斑矩阵的压缩感知与双随机相位编码结合起来的加密方法,可以获得良好的加密效果与极大的密钥空间,并且易于在光学领域整合.     

基于多混沌系统的双图像光学加密算法

为了扩展双图像光学加密算法的密钥空间,克服双随机相位加密系统中随机相位掩模作为密钥难于存储、传输和重构的问题,突破传统图像加密的研究思路,提出了一种基于多混沌系统的双图像加密算法,构造了光学加密系统。系统增加混沌系统参数作为密钥,利用混沌加密密钥空间大和图像置乱隐藏性好的特点,构建基于Logistic混沌映射的图像置乱算法,利用Kent混沌映射生成的伪随机序列构造出一对随机相位掩模,分别放置在分数傅里叶变换光学装置的两端,图像经加密系统变换后得到密文。数值仿真结果表明,算法的密钥敏感性极高,能够有效地对抗统计攻击,具有较高的安全性。     

光学图像加密中随机模板的特性比较

为比较光学图像加密中随机模板的特性,分别利用随机相位模板和随机振幅模板对几种典型的光学图像加密系统进行了光学图像加密的数值模拟和加密效果分析。模拟结果表明,将随机振幅模板用于基于光学傅里叶变换的双随机模板图像加密系统时,原始图像和加密图像的相关系数大于0.5,不能有效加密原始图。但将其用于基于菲涅耳变换全息的光学图像加密系统时,原始图像和加密图像的相关系数趋于0,可获得与使用随机相位模板时非常接近的加密效果。     

Multiple-image encryption by two-step phase-shifting interferometry and spatial multiplexing of smooth compressed signal

A multiple-image encryption method based on two-step phase-shifting interferometry(PSI) and spatial multiplexing of a smooth compressed signal is proposed. In the encoding and encryption process, with the help of four index matrices to store original pixel positions, all the pixels of four secret images are firstly reordered in an ascending order; then, the four reordered images are transformed by five-order Haar wavelet transform and performed sparseness operation. After Arnold transform and pixels sampling operation, one combined image can be grouped with the aid of compressive sensing(CS)and spatial multiplexing techniques. Finally, putting the combined image at the input plane of the PSI encryption scheme,only two interferograms ciphertexts can be obtained. During the decoding and decryption, utilizing all the secret key groups and index matrices keys, all the original secret images can be successfully decrypted by a wave-front retrieval algorithm of two-step PSI, spatial de-multiplexing, inverse Arnold transform, inverse discrete wavelet transform, and pixels reordering operation.     

基于gyrator变换和矢量分解的非对称图像加密方法

本文结合矢量分解和gyrator变换的数学实现得到了一种新的非对称图像加密算法,它将待加密图像先通过矢量分解加密到两块纯相位板中,然后利用从gyrator变换的数学实现中推导出来的加密算法加密其中一块相位板,获得最终的实值密文.另一块相位板作为解密密钥.算法的解密密钥不同于加密密钥,实现了非对称加密,加密过程中产生的两个私钥增大了算法的安全性.数值模拟结果验证了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

基于变形分数傅里叶变换的六重密钥图像加密

提出一种利用变形分数傅里叶变换和双随机相位编码对图像加密的方法.对要加密的图像分别进行两次变形分数傅里叶变换和两次随机相位函数调制,使加密图像的密钥由原来两重增加到六重.利用全息元件,可以用光学系统实现这种加密和解密变换.计算机模拟结果表明,只有当六重密钥都完全正确时,才能准确地重建原图像,这种六重密钥加密方法提高了图像信息的安全保密性.     

基于像素置乱技术的多重双随机相位加密法

提出一种基于像素置乱技术的多重双随机相位加密法,对该加密法中像素置乱操作的原理进行了阐述,并且提出在光学上实现像素置乱操作和解置乱操作的途径.在计算机上模拟实现了该加密法,并且得到很好的加密解密结果.仿真结果证实仅用部分加密图像来解密也能够得到原图像,并且得到随着待解密的加密图像像素的增加,解密图像的信号能量、噪声以及信噪比的变化曲线.最后分析比较了该加密法与双随机相位加密法,得到该加密法与双随机相位加密法相比具有更高的保密性,而且解密图像的信噪比也不会因为引入像素置乱操作而降低.     

基于随机相位实值编码的光学图像加密

提出了一种用于图像加密的随机相位实值编码方法,待编码的纯相位图像与一个随机相位掩膜一起作傅里叶变换,取其实部作为编码图像.已编码的图像和随机相位掩膜的傅里叶变换相加作傅里叶反变换,反变换的光强可以准确地重建原图像.该编译码方法简单,编码图像是一个实值图像,便于计算机打印或显示输出.     

基于联合变换相关和相移干涉的图像加密

提出了一种在联合变换相关器结构中引入三步相移干涉和二元置乱技术的图像加密方法.用纯相位空间光调制器同时调制原始图像和两个随机相位掩模,利用三步相移技术分别将图像信息和主密钥加密为全息图,并用CCD在输出面上接收,再利用二元置乱技术置乱图像信息的全息图.在获得置乱密钥和附加密钥的情况下,可以通过一定的算法快速、清晰的重建原始图像.用计算机仿真验证了它的可行性和有效性.     

基于相位恢复算法的单强度记录光学加密系统

在传统的双随机相位光学加密系统的基础上,提出一种新的单强度记录光学加密技术。在加密时,将原始图像置于4-f系统的输入平面上进行双随机相位光学加密,利用CCD等感光器件记录输出平面上的光强分布作为密文,该光学加密过程只需一次曝光,在解密时,利用相位恢复算法进行迭代计算就可以由密文恢复原始图像。由于解密过程采用数字方式,因此可以在解密过程中引入各种数字图像处理技术来抑制散斑噪声,进一步改善解密图像质量。通过一系列仿真实验,证明该光学加密系统可以实现对二值图像和灰度图像的光学加密,并且能够很好地抵御已知明文攻击、选择明文攻击等方法的攻击。理论分析和计算机仿真表明,该光学加密技术系统结构简单,实现方便,并且不易受到各种攻击,安全性较高。     

A joint image encryption and watermarking algorithm based on compressive sensing and chaotic map

In this paper,a compressive sensing(CS) and chaotic map-based joint image encryption and watermarking algorithm is proposed.The transform domain coefficients of the original image are scrambled by Arnold map firstly.Then the watermark is adhered to the scrambled data.By compressive sensing,a set of watermarked measurements is obtained as the watermarked cipher image.In this algorithm,watermark embedding and data compression can be performed without knowing the original image;similarly,watermark extraction will not interfere with decryption.Due to the characteristics of CS,this algorithm features compressible cipher image size,flexible watermark capacity,and lossless watermark extraction from the compressed cipher image as well as robustness against packet loss.Simulation results and analyses show that the algorithm achieves good performance in the sense of security,watermark capacity,extraction accuracy,reconstruction,robustness,etc.     

基于全息技术的光学加密系统实值编码

提出一种基于全息技术用于光学图像加密的实值编码方法.待编码的数字图像与一个大小相同、灰度值为零的图像组成一幅新的图像,然后与一个随机相位掩膜一起通过光学透镜作傅里叶变换,取变换结果的实部作为编码输出图像.利用全息记录的方法解码,即编码输出图像和随机相位掩膜的傅里叶变换相加通过光学透镜作傅里叶反变换,记录反变换的光强分布,再通过非线性变换或灰度变换的方法可以恢复原图像.     

Color image encryption by using Arnold transform and color-blend operation in discrete cosine transform domains

A color image encryption algorithm is designed by use of Arnold transform and discrete cosine transform (DCT). The RGB components of the color image are scrambled by Arnold transform at the aspect of pixel sequence. The scrambled RGB components are exchanged and mixed randomly under the control of a matrix defined by random angle. DCT is employed for changing the pixel values of color image. In this encryption scheme the operations mentioned above are performed twice continuously. The parameters of Arnold transform and the random angle serve as the key of the color image encryption method. Some numerical simulations are made to test the validity and capability of the color encryption algorithm.     

一种应用相息图对灰度图像信息进行隐藏的方法

一幅灰度图像的相息图被隐藏于一幅宿主图像中,该相息图是采用基于相息图迭代的双随机相位加密技术得到的.由于采用仅含有位相信息的相息图作为待加密灰度图像信息的载体,因而与隐藏图像同时具有振幅和相位信息的情况相比较,需要隐藏的信息量大大降低,从而可在对宿主图像影响较小的情况下,提高提取信息的质量;并可有效地提高信息提取时的光学效率,并且对二元图像信息的隐藏也同样适用.水印图像的剪切对隐藏信息提取质量的影响也被分析,模拟实验结果证明了所采用方法的有效性. 关键词： 灰度图像 相息图 信息隐藏     

Image Encryption Scheme with Compressed Sensing Based on a New Six-Dimensional Non-Degenerate Discrete Hyperchaotic System and Plaintext-Related Scrambling

Digital images can be large in size and contain sensitive information that needs protection. Compression using compressed sensing performs well, but the measurement matrix directly affects the signal compression and reconstruction performance. The good cryptographic characteristics of chaotic systems mean that using one to construct the measurement matrix has obvious advantages. However, existing low-dimensional chaotic systems have low complexity and generate sequences with poor randomness. Hence, a new six-dimensional non-degenerate discrete hyperchaotic system with six positive Lyapunov exponents is proposed in this paper. Using this chaotic system to design the measurement matrix can improve the performance of image compression and reconstruction. Because image encryption using compressed sensing cannot resist known- and chosen-plaintext attacks, the chaotic system proposed in this paper is introduced into the compressed sensing encryption framework. A scrambling algorithm and two-way diffusion algorithm for the plaintext are used to encrypt the measured value matrix. The security of the encryption system is further improved by generating the SHA-256 value of the original image to calculate the initial conditions of the chaotic map. A simulation and performance analysis shows that the proposed image compression-encryption scheme has high compression and reconstruction performance and the ability to resist known- and chosen-plaintext attacks.     

Phase image encryption in the fractional Hartley domain using Arnold transform and singular value decomposition

A novel scheme for image encryption of phase images is proposed, using fractional Hartley transform followed by Arnold transform and singular value decomposition in the frequency domain. Since the plaintext is a phase image, the mask used in the spatial domain is a random amplitude mask. The proposed scheme has been validated for grayscale images and is sensitive to the encryption parameters such as the order of the Arnold transform and the fractional orders of the Hartley transform. We have also evaluated the scheme's resistance to the well-known noise and occlusion attacks.     

一种基于Arnold变换的数字图像加密算法

提出了一种基于Arnold变换的均匀数字图像加密算法。将传统的Arnold变换进行改进,加入两个参数a,b,并利用Logistic映射产生参数序列。将数字图像分块,对每个图像块分别进行参数不同的Arnold变换,由此实现对图像的位置置乱。另外将Arnold变换推广至多维,用于图像的灰度置乱,从而构造一个位置置乱和灰度置乱相结合的图像加密算法。实验仿真结果表明该算法能够取得很好的加密效果,且具有密钥空间大,密钥敏感性强,以及能够抵御统计和已知明文攻击等优点。基本满足图像加密的有效性和安全性要求。     

Triple image encryption scheme in fractional Fourier transform domains

We proposed a triple image encryption scheme by use of fractional Fourier transform. In this algorithm, an original image is encoded in amplitude part and other two images are encoded into phase information. The key of encryption algorithm is obtained from the difference between the third image and the output phase of transform. In general case, random phase encoding technology is not required in the proposed algorithm. Moreover, all information of images is preserved in theory when image are decrypted with correct key. The optical implementation of the algorithm is presented with an electro-optical hybrid structure. Numerical simulations have demonstrated the efficiency and the security of this algorithm. Based on this scheme a multiple image algorithm is expanded and designed.     

Image Encryption Scheme Based on Multiscale Block Compressed Sensing and Markov Model

Many image encryption schemes based on compressed sensing have the problem of poor quality of decrypted images. To deal with this problem, this paper develops an image encryption scheme by multiscale block compressed sensing. The image is decomposed by a three-level wavelet transform, and the sampling rates of coefficient matrices at all levels are calculated according to multiscale block compressed sensing theory and the given compression ratio. The first round of permutation is performed on the internal elements of the coefficient matrices at all levels. Then the coefficient matrix is compressed and combined. The second round of permutation is performed on the combined matrix based on the state transition matrix. Independent diffusion and forward-backward diffusion between pixels are used to obtain the final cipher image. Different sampling rates are set by considering the difference of information between an image’s low- and high-frequency parts. Therefore, the reconstruction quality of the decrypted image is better than that of other schemes, which set one sampling rate on an entire image. The proposed scheme takes full advantage of the randomness of the Markov model and shows an excellent encryption effect to resist various attacks.