硼化锆陶瓷前驱体法制备及其表征

以聚乙酰丙酮锆(PZO)、硼酸、酚醛树脂为原料制备得到硼化锆液相前驱体;在1 400℃和氩气保护下使硼化锆前驱体发生碳热还原反应,得到硼化锆陶瓷.采用热重分析仪、X射线衍射仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、扫描电镜表征了硼化锆前驱体及热解陶瓷产物.结果表明,在相对较低的温度(1 400℃)下热解得到的硼化锆陶瓷纯度较高;硼化锆陶瓷材料整体呈小块状,由硼化锆晶体层层堆积而成,其晶粒尺寸约为200 nm.     

硼硅酸盐矿物硼的化学分离纯化与同位素测定方法

采用碱熔法分解电气石样品,研究了3种不同纯化分离方法对硼回收和同位素测定的影响。实验表明:电气石中富含的Fe³⁺和Al³⁺对甲亚胺-H酸分光光度法测定硼含量有较大干扰,并在硼特效树脂交换分离中形成氢氧化物沉淀,阻塞交换柱;同时吸附溶液中硼元素造成回收率降低。本实验依次采用阴/阳离子混合树脂,硼特效树脂和阴/阳离子混合树脂三步离子交换进行电气石样品的纯化分离方法,实现了复杂基体中硼的完全回收（回收率99%）。在TIMS（Triton TI）采用H3和H4法拉第杯,并通过优化Zoom Optics参数（Focus Quad:15;Dispersion Quad:-85）实现静态双接收硼同位素组成测定。本方法对NIST SRM 951标准样品测定结果为¹¹B/¹⁰B=4.05044±0.00012（2σ,n=8,1μg B）,测定内外精度优于传统的动态峰跳扫。NIST SRM951测定结果为-0.3‰,表明预处理过程中无硼同位素分馏效应。天然样品硼同位素组成分别采用静态多接收PTIMS-Cs₂BO₂⁺法和MC-ICP-MS测定,数据点基本分布在1:1线上,说明MC-ICP-MS测定结果与PTIMS方法结果相一致。     

镍电极开路电位测定微量硼氢根离子

实验采用循环伏安法，用镍电极代替铂铑等贵金属电极测定了碱性体系中不同硼氢根离子浓度下的开路电位，得出了研究电极的开路电位（-0．355～-0．280vs.SCE／V）与微量硼氢根离子浓度的对应关系，并用于监测电解偏硼酸钠制备硼氢化钠体系中微量硼氢根离子，同时计算了该方法的误差。结果表明，测量结果的相对标准偏差为2．2％；回收率为98．4％。该法简单、快速，可测定10^-5～10^-3mol／L范围的硼氢根离子浓度。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定二硼化锆中26种杂质

建立微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定二硼化锆中26种杂质元素含量的方法。根据二硼化锆的化学组成对杂质检测的影响,确定了各元素最佳分析线;通过考察不同浓度的锆基体对待测元素的影响来确定最佳锆基体浓度;通过萃取法分离硼元素,消除硼对杂质检测的干扰;采用基体匹配法、多谱拟和技术消除了锆基体的干扰。在选定的仪器工作条件下,各待测元素的质量浓度与信号强度成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于6%(n=11),样品加标回收率为94%~101%。该方法操作简便,测定结果准确,可用于二硼化锆中26种杂质元素的测定。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定植物样品中硼的研究

本文比较了四种石墨和三种基体改进剂对石墨炉法测硼的影响。结果表明，使用涂层石墨管并采用Ｃａ－Ｍｇ－抗坏血酸作基体改进剂，可获得最高的灵敏度和最好的回收率，讨论了硼的最佳工作条件和干扰情况，对植物标准样品进行了测定，所得结果与标准值吻合，植物中硼含量为３４～５３μｇ／ｇ时，方法的相对标准偏差为２．１％～３．８％，检出限为３７８ｐｇ（Ｋ＝３）。     

火焰原子吸收法测定植物样品中硼与碘

将ＢＯ＾３－３转化为ＢＦ＾－４，ＩＯ＾－３转化为Ｉ＾－以Ｃｄ（ｐｈｅｎ）＾２＋３络合和硝基苯萃取，用火焰原子吸收法间接测定与碘，其特征浓度达０．０１６μｇ／ｍＬ１％Ａ和０．０２８μｇ／ｍＬ１％Ａ，在稻米等样品中作加标回收，硼回收率为９２．８－１０２．４％，碘为９７．２－１０６．７％。     

微波密闭增压浸提柑桔园土壤中水溶态硼

提出了在微波炉加热用水提取土壤中水溶态硼的处理方法,采用的辐射功率为1．36kW,加热提取过程分先后两步：①在0.1MPa压力下加热90s,②在0.2MPa压力下加热125s。从某柑桔园中采得土壤样品12个,分别按回流浸提法和微波消解法提取其水溶态硼并用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GpAAS）测定其含量,两种提取方法所测结果的一元回归方程的相关系数为0．991,对该回归方程斜率和截距进行t检验,表明两种方法所得的水溶态硼量之间无显著差异（置信水平95％）。取同一试样5份,分别按所述方法提取其水溶态硼并按GF-AAS法测定,计算分析结果的相对标准偏差（n=5）为3．4％（微波消解法）和5．7％（回流浸提法）。     

关于十二硼烷二钠盐的合成

硼簇化合物的合成路线长，原料昂贵和产率低，使硼簇物化学的基础研究和开发应用受到了很大的限制．８０年代前苏联科学家对合成Ｂ１２Ｈ２－１２方法做了改进，用非挥发性的（Ｃ２Ｈ５）３Ｎ·ＢＨ３代替剧毒硼烷，产率高达９３．５％～９５％［１］，但需要特殊实验装置...     

酸碱滴定法测定硼粉中硼

以酸碱滴定法测定硼粉中硼含量。称样质量为0.14～0.20 g,加酸加热回流50 min,定容至500 mL,移取50.00 mL作为样品溶液。样品溶液先用碱液中和至pH 5.4,然后加入5 g甘露醇,用0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠标准滴定溶液滴定,临近终点时记录消耗的体积与试液pH值,用二级微商法算得终点体积。硼含量测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.32%～0.42%(n=9)。对比测定硼酸硼含量,该方法所得结果的相对标准偏差为0.05%(n=5)。     

硼烷及杂硼烷簇合物的结构规则

硼烷及杂硼烷簇合物的结构规则张晓辉，陈利平，由业诚，王国栋（大连大学师范学院化学系大连１１６０３５）关键词原子簇化合物，稠合硼烷，杂硼烷，结构规则本文在研究前人工作的基础上［１－１２］，利用徐光宪提出的超额电子数概念，将硼烷分成多个分子片，以讨论它们...     

乙醇增敏－电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定土壤中的全硼

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES)测定土壤中的全硼,具有测定范围宽,精密度高,测定速度快等优点,但其检出限较高,文章选择乙醇作增敏剂,降低仪器检出限,实现高中低含量样品的同时分析测定。实验发现当乙醇含量为5%时,雾化效率最佳,原子线B208.893 nm,B208.959 nm的灵敏度分别增强了21.2% 和18.7% ;采用HF-HCl-HNO3消解样品,甘露醇作保护剂,甘露醇的加入可有效解决样品消解过程中硼挥发所导致的测定结果偏低,精密度差等问题。按照本实验方法对国家标准物质及实际土壤样品进行全硼的分析测定,测定结果相对标准偏差（RSD,n=11）为0.56%～2.14%,相对误差为-2.8%～1.6%。加标回收率在 96.8%~104.6% 之间 ,可满足日常分析要求。     

Determination of boron in high-purity tantalum materials by on-line matrix separation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A method for the determination of ultratrace amounts of boron in high-purity tantalum materials [tantalum metal, tantalum(v) oxide, tantalum pentachloride and tantalum pentaethoxide] is described. On-line anion-exchange matrix separation combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed for the determination of boron at the ng g(-1) level. Tantalum materials were dissolved using HF and/or HNO3 prior to analysis. The loss of boron in the sample preparation procedure was examined as the recovery of boron by adding a definite amount of boron to each tantalum material sample before decomposition, and it was almost negligible. In an anion-exchange method using 0.1 M HF carrier solution, tantalum and boron in the sample solution were first adsorbed on a strongly basic anion-exchange resin. Next, boron was eluted from the resin with 5 M HCl, whereas tantalum was retained strongly adsorbed. The eluted boron was introduced directly into the ICP-MS system for quantitative analysis at m/z 10 and 11. Because of the long elution time of boron, the transient signal was integrated in the time range 70-300 s on the chromatogram. Although the elution of boron in the time range was ca. 40% of total boron in the sample solution injected, the determination limits (10sigma) obtained by the present method were 30, 25, 15 and 13 ng g(-1) for tantalum metal, tantalum(v) oxide, tantalum pentachloride and tantalum pentaethoxide, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of boron in commercially available high-purity tantalum materials and it was found that the concentrations of boron were in the ng g(-1)-microg g(-1) range.     

Separate vaporisation of boric acid and inorganic boron from tungsten sample cuvette-tungsten boat furnace followed by the detection of boron species by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS and ICP-AES)

Utilising extremely different vaporisation properties of boron compounds, the determination procedures of volatile boric acid and total boron using tungsten boat furnace (TBF) ICP-MS and TBF-ICP-AES have been investigated. For the determination of volatile boric acid by TBF-ICP-MS, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH, Me₄NOH) was used as a chemical modifier to retain it during drying and ashing stages. As for the total boron, not only non-volatile inorganic boron such as boron nitride (BN), boron carbide (B₄C), etc. but also boric acid (B(OH)₃) was decomposed by a furnace-fusion digestion with NaOH to produce sodium salt of boron, a suitable species for the electrothermal vaporisation (ETV) procedure. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of various standard reference materials. The analytical results for various biological and steel samples are described.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定纺织品中总硼

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定纺织品中总硼的分析方法。纺织样品经HNO_3-H_2O_2微波消解,以钇元素作为内标元素,以249.772nm波长作为硼的分析线,采用ICP-OES法进行测定。实验结果表明,硼的质量浓度在0.01~0.20mg/L范围内与发射强度比值呈线性关系,方法的定量限为0.8mg/kg,在0.8、1.6、8.0mg/kg添加水平下的回收率为80.4%~104.7%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~9.8%。该方法灵敏度高,定量准确可靠,能够满足纺织品中总硼含量的检测要求。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硼同位素丰度

以硼同位素标准物质NIST SRM 951配制标准溶液,在优化的仪器操作条件下对电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定的硼同位素质量进行校正,求出校正因子,确定了样品的线性浓度范围,选定样品浓度为1.1 mg/L。在同样的仪器条件下首先测定了硼标准物质的硼同位素丰度比,测量误差为0.2%,然后测定了硼同位素浓缩过程中硼样品的硼同位素丰度比,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%。此外考察了仪器的稳定性。实验结果表明本方法“记忆效应”小,结果可靠,测量精度高。     

Consolidation by Spark Plasma Sintering of a Ceramic Material Based on Silicon Carbide with Good Physicomechanical Properties,Mechanochemically Activated with Boron

Industrial silicon carbide powder was consolidated with boron by the spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) method. It was shown that a preliminary mechanical activation is a promising method for introduction of high concentrations of boron into silicon carbide. The influence exerted by the boron concentration on the sintering and properties of the material based on silicon carbide was examined. A ceramic based on silicon carbide with 10 wt % amorphous boron was obtained with density of 3.12 g cm^–3, hardness of 31.9 GPa, and crack-resistance coefficient of 5.7 MPa m^1/2. The ceramic is promising as a construction ceramic for nuclear reactors and gas-turbine engines.     

Determination of trace quantities of boron with two new colorimetric reagents

Two new color reactions with boron are reported. Sensitive methods have been developed for their use. A new method for the decomposition of fruit tree leaves and alfalfa, and the subsequent separation of the boron is described.The reagents are 5-benzamido-6'-chloro-1, 1 '-bis (anthraquinonyl) amine(I) and 5-p-toluidino-1,1'-bis (anthraquinonyl) amine(II). Concentrated (96%) sulfuric acid is used as the solvent. The formation of the boron complex of the reagents was found to be dependent on the following variables: time of heating, temperature, sulfuric acid content and the presence of diverse ions.Solutions of the two complexes follow Beer's law over the boron range indicated: Compound I, 0 to 0.5 γ at wavelength of 635 mμ and Compound II, 0 to 0.4 γ at wavelength 720 mμ. The sensitivities are 1 : 300,000,000 and 1 : 200,000,000, respectively. The standard deviation was calculated for the determination of boron with each compound. Results showed 0.002 absorbance unit, i.e., 0.001 γ of boron for Compound I and 0.005 absorbance unit, i.e., 0.002 γ of boron for Compound II.The method of decomposing the leaves and alfalfa samples is based upon destroying all the organic matter with a mixture of 96% sulfuric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide within, the distilling flask. Boron is then distilled off as the volatile trimethyl ester. The standard deviation of the method is 0.58%.     

蒸气相合成BZSM—5沸石用于间二甲苯异构化反应

首次利用蒸气相法合成的BZSM-5沸石作为异构化催化剂,测定了BZSM-5沸石对间二甲苯异构化的活性和选择性。当B_2O_3/Al_2O_3(摩尔比)为1.8时异构化活性(50.97%)和选择性(20.86%)均达到较佳值。用IR、NH_(?)-TPD表征了BZSM-5沸石的酸强度及酸分布,同时与异构化活性和选择性进行了关联。实验结果表明,在合成中加入适量的硼有利于提高异构化活性和选择性。     

Extraction-spectrophotometric determination of boron and antimony in carbon and low-alloy steels with mandelic acid and malachite green

A very simple and sensitive extraction method using mandelic acid and Malachite Green has been applied to the determination of boron and antimony in steels (carbon and low-alloy). When chlorobenzene is used as the solvent, boron and antimony are simultaneously extracted as ion-pairs of their mandelates with Malachite Green from weak acidic media, but only the boron compound is extracted in the presence of tartrate. Antimony is determined from the difference in absorbance of the extracts. In the case of benzene, boron alone was extracted and determined. Large amounts of iron(II) and other metal cations do not interfere, so the steel samples are dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid. Very low boron (0.0009-0.0091%) and antimony (0.002-0.02%) contents in steel are easily determined without any pretreatment.