内爆初级质子能谱直接测量方法

基于单能质子对CR39的标定实验,利用获取的响应曲线,设计了一种内爆初级质子的直接测量方法。在内爆初级质子产额较低的情况下,该方法可获得更多的计数。对实验中的噪声信号排除做出了说明,并对其背景噪声来源进行了分析,以提高实验数据的精确性。利用标定数据,对CR39上观察到的径迹进行鉴别,确定质子径迹并测量其径迹参数,从而确定质子能量。在随机扫描的约300个显微镜视场中获得了200个质子径迹数据,并通过与标定数据比对,获得了它们各自的能量,再利用蒙特卡罗程序Geant4修正铝膜的岐离,最终确认本次内爆实验初级质子的能谱峰值应该在2.4~2.6 MeV之间,据此换算到靶丸面密度为7~8mg/cm2,为实验结果的进一步后续分析提供了依据。     

Pulse Self-trapping Robustness to Polarization Mode Dispersion in Optical Fiber

In this paper, pulse self-trapping robustness to polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers is studied. Nonlinear pulse can be used to suppress PMD despite the input pulse shapes is found. When the nonlinear effect is stronger (initial pulse amplitude is larger), the suppression degree to PMD is better. As the initial chirp is considered, we find that the chirp is harmful to suppress PMD. The more is initial chirp, the more is the PMD value.     

非合作目标相位式激光测距接收光功率的模型建立

在相位式激光测距中,接收光功率的大小直接决定了测量信噪比,从而决定了测量范围和测量精度,因此如何准确地计算出接收光功率的大小,是测距技术中一个非常重要的问题。对普遍使用的计算接收光功率公式的适用范围进行了讨论,指出了其不适用于非合作目标短距离测量的原因。提出了适于非合作目标相位式激光测距的计算接收光功率的新方法,推导了计算公式,并进行了仿真计算。     

Speckle noise reduction in digital holography with spatial light modulator and nonlocal means algorithm

An integrated method based on optical and digital image processing is presented to suppress speckle in digital holography. A spatial light modulator is adopted to introduce random phases to the illuminating beam. Multiple holograms are reconstructed and superimposed, and the intensity is averaged to smooth the noise. The adaptive algorithm based on the nonlocal means is designed to further suppress the speckle. The presented method is compared with other methods reduction is improved, and the proposed method is effective The experimental results show that speckle and feasible.     

太阳能光伏-热伏发电板的自适应追光系统设计与实现

在小型太阳能光伏-热伏发电系统中,为了提高其发电效率,通常会辅以自动追光系统。针对现有的基于多光电二极管的自动追光系统结构复杂等问题,提出了一种基于光敏电阻的自适应追光系统。为了实现发电板对光源的追踪,采用了基于负反馈的自适应追光原理,通过软件设计控制追光精度,同时增加了系统位置消抖控制。在硬件方面,采用光敏电阻感应光强,借助AD转换电路和舵机,以驱动太阳能光伏-热伏发电板转动直至发电板平面垂直于太阳光;优化设计了光敏电阻与板面的夹角大小以调整追光的区域及误差。最后完成了整体装置的机械结构设计和电路图设计及仿真,结果表明,与现有的多光电二极管追光系统相比,所设计的追光系统机械装置部分的设计更加简单,便于实现,同时通过优化设计改善了追光的稳定性。     

两个玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体间相互作用的数值研究

本文采用辛算法数值求解一维含时Gross-Pitaevskii(GP)方程.研究了存在陷俘势和撤掉陷俘势时两个凝聚体间的相互作用.发现当存在陷俘势时两个凝聚体间发生弹性碰撞;在零时刻撤掉陷俘势时两个凝聚体间发生干涉现象;当t=2时撤掉陷俘势两个凝聚体间发生了复杂现象.     

Towards a Neo-Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

The Copenhagen interpretation is critically considered. A number of ambiguities, inconsistencies and confusions are discussed. It is argued that it is possible to purge the interpretation so as to obtain a consistent and reasonable way to interpret the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, which is in agreement with the way this theory is dealt with in experimental practice. In particular, the essential role attributed by the Copenhagen interpretation to measurement is acknowledged. For this reason it is proposed to refer to it as a neo-Copenhagen interpretation.     

热辐射体真实温度的测试研究

在辐射测温中，普遍存在一个问题，被测温度物体表面发射率影响很大，而物体的发射率很难确测量，这是因为发射率不仅与材料有关，而且还与波长，温度，表面状态（表面粗糙度，氧化程度等）有关，本文叙述一种利用多波长辐射法测量实际物体真实温度的方法，该方法利用最小二乘法原理拟合出实际热辐射体的光谱发射率曲线，从而使测量目标的真实温度成为可能。     

Determination of fractional fringe orders in holographic interferometry using polarization phase shifting

A simple method to determine the fringe orders at points between fringes in holographic interferometry is presented. The method is based on the use of two reference beams in the recording and reconstruction of the interferogram. A phase difference is imposed between the reference beams on reconstruction through polarization elements. The interferogram is viewed through a polarizer to recombine the images. The fractional fringe order is obtained from the angle through which the polarizer is rotated to shift the adjacent fringe to the point of interest.     

The precision improvement of the scanner in optical scanning imaging system

A disadvantage of using a galvanometer as the horizontal scanner in CSOM and OCT is its nonlinear distortion caused by the rotational inertial. This is inevitable even if a closed loop is equipped. Here, a second closed loop is introduced to provide pixel clocks to reduce the pincushion distortion of the images. A subdivided step motor is employed to be the vertical scanner as the result of price consideration. Nonetheless, the conventional linearity model of the peck torque with a winding current relationship is no longer in agreement with the experiment when the winding current is low, while a parabolic model is more likely to be reasonable. Relational treatment is proposed in the paper. Both methods have proved to be good enough to meet the requirement of a super resolution scanning imaging.     

三维可逆混沌映射的图像加密算法

提出了一种三维可逆混沌映射图像加密算法。基于Line map二维混沌可逆映射,推导了该三维可逆映射的数学表达式。将灰度图像用一个三维矩阵数据描述,并按照所提出的算法将其组成一个二维的二进制图像。首先对此图像应用Line map二维混沌可逆映射进行像素置乱处理,然后再将置乱后的二进制图像还原成十进制的灰度图像,这样就得到了加密后的图像。所提出的方法可以通过一次三维可逆混沌映射同时实现图像加密的两个步骤,即像素置乱和像素混淆。仿真实验结果表明了该算法的有效性,且加密速度快、安全性高、简单易行。     

同轴对称型主耦合器的研制

 为更进一步提高注入器的性能,注入器使用的耦合器采用同轴对称耦合。给出了同轴对称耦合器的理论计算、具体设计以及实验情况。经过对模型耦合器多次微波传输测量调试以及对各个部位反射的细致分析,最后获得了较好的结果,证明了该耦合器的实用性和可行性。     

Pulse Self-trapping Robustness to Polarization Mode Dispersion in Optical Fiber

In this paper, pulse self-trapping robustness to polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers is studied. Nonlinear pulse can be used to suppress PMD despite the input pulse shapes is found. When the nonlinear effect is stronger (initial pulse amplitude is larger), the suppression degree to PMD is better. As the initial chirp is considered, we find that the chirp is harmful to suppress PMD. The more is initial chirp, the more is the PMD value.     

Phase-field modeling of epitaxial growth: Applications to step trains and island dynamics

In this paper, we present a new phase-field model including combined effects of edge diffusion, the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier, deposition and desorption to simulate epitaxial growth. A new free energy function together with a correction to the initial phase variable profile is used to efficiently capture the morphological evolution when a large deposition flux is imposed. A formal matched asymptotic analysis is performed to show the reduction of the phase-field model to the classical sharp interface Burton-Cabrera-Frank model for step flow when the interfacial thickness vanishes. The phase-field model is solved by a semi-implicit finite difference scheme, and adaptive block-structured Cartesian meshes are used to dramatically increase the efficiency of the solver. The numerical scheme is used to investigate the evolution of perturbed circularly shaped small islands. The effect of edge diffusion is investigated together with the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier. We also investigate the linear and nonlinear regimes of a step meandering instability. We reproduce the predicted scaling law for the growth of the meander amplitude, which was based on an analysis of a long wavelength regime. New nonlinear behavior is observed when the meander wavelength is comparable to the terrace width. In particular, a previously unobserved regime of coarsening dynamics is found to occur when the meander wavelength is comparable to the terrace width.     

菲涅耳双棱镜实验的相因子分析

根据波前相因子判断法,推导出缝光源在不同位置经双棱镜所成的像。得出缝与双棱镜的棱脊严格平行时,两相干光源振幅相同,形成清晰干涉图样;当缝与棱脊不平行但位于同一平面时,缝像平行于缝,但两像振幅不同,一定条件下可形成不清晰的干涉图样;当缝不在同一平面内时,缝像仍平行于缝,但不能形成干涉。     

基于小波变换和最小二乘法的光纤衰减特性分析

光纤衰减特性是光纤的一个重要性能指标 ,随着光纤通信的发展 ,迫切需要发展一种对光纤衰减特性进行自动化分析的设备。目前市场上常见的测光纤衰减特性的仪器是OTDR卡 ,但OTDR卡仅提供了各采样点处的衰减值 ,并不能对测试数据进行自动化分析。基于OTDR卡的测试数据 ,利用小波变换、最小二乘法等数学工具提出了一种光纤衰减特性自动化分析的算法。与同类产品相比 ,该算法精度较高。     

利用假彩色编码加强平面痕迹辨别力的研究

在刑事照相中,有必要对一些由于曝光过度或曝光不足以及其他原因造成低质量的黑白图像进行图像处理。以满足检验鉴定的要求。假彩色编码是图像处理的一种方法。将要处理的图像底片经过郎奇光栅的调制、显影、定影后得到二维的编码片。再经过白光处理系统,在零级频谱和±１ 级频谱上分别加绿色和红色的滤波器。在输出面上得到按不同灰度赋予不同颜色的图片,使原来图像暗的地方带红色,原来图像亮的地方带绿色,介于二者之间就按红绿色比例组合。通过实验证明利用假彩色编码提高平面痕迹的辨别力是可行的。     

弯曲光纤针尖及其法向力压电探测技术

本文介绍一种弯曲光纤针尖及其法向力压电探测的新技术.与目前普遍采用的方法不同,弯曲针尖的制作是先利用电阻丝加热,将光纤弯曲成所需的角度,然后再在缓冲氢氟酸中腐蚀成针尖,得到曲率半径为300μm,弯曲角度为120°,长度为500μm的弯曲针尖.同激光或电弧熔拉、弯曲的方法相比,这种方法工艺简单,成本低廉.由弯曲针尖与蜂鸣器压电片组成的悬臂,利用压电片的正、逆压电效应实现弯曲针尖法向力的非光学法探测.实验表明,这种弯尖法向力的探测较直尖切变力具有更高灵敏度,探测距离提高了一倍以上,给实际应用带来很大的便利.     

The bobylev approach to the nonlinear Boltzmann equation

The Bobylev approach to the nonlinear Boltzmann equation is reviewed. The linearized problem is discussed and it is shown that eigenfunctions decaying like a negative power of the velocity are possible with Maxwell molecules only. The relaxation to equilibrium according to the nonlinear equation is discussed and the Krook-Wu conjecture on the status of the BKW mode is shown to be false in general. The buildup of the high-energy tails is considered and a phenomenon observed by Tjon is given a simple explanation. Finally, the method is illustrated with numerical calculations performed for two sets of initial conditions.